The document discusses Ebola virus disease (EVD), including that it is a deadly virus transmitted through contact with infected body fluids that causes hemorrhagic fever. It outlines the virus's history, symptoms, transmission, treatments being tested including vaccines, and current outbreak statistics showing exponential growth in West Africa.

1. Ebola virus disease (EVD)
PROF.DR.NAZ.M.ATABAY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
FATIH UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. student : Nabeel.B.Azeez

2. OUTLINES
• WHAT IS EBOLA ?
• HISTORY
• TRANSMISSION
• SYMPTOMS
• VIROLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS
• TREATMENTS AND VACCINES
• FACTS ABOUT DISEASE
• REFRENCES

3. What is EBOLA
Ebola virus disease (formerly known
as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a type
of virus that passes from wild animals
to humans during contact, including
hunting,handling, cooking and eating
undercooked meat. The Ebola virus
kills up to nine out of ten of the
people who get infected, and as of yet
there is no cure. Medical care can only
help alleviate the suffering.Although
Ebola is quite deadly .

4. What is EBOLA
1- The virus was detected in carcasses of
gorillas, chimpanzees, and duikers, although
their high mortality rate makes them unlikely
to be natural reservoirs 2- The Best candidate to be another reservoir
Which do not show any symptoms is :_
FRUIT BATS

5. HISTORY
• Ebola first appeared in
1976 in two simultaneous
outbreaks :_
1- near Ebola river in the
democratic republic of
Congo .
2- A remote area of Sudan
• In 1989 the disease was
discovered in reston in
group of monkeys which
imported from Philippines

6. TRANSMISSION
• Direct contact (through broken skin
or mucous membranes) with
• a sick person's blood or body fluids
(urine, saliva, faeces, vomit, semen)
• objects (such as needles) that have
been contaminated with infected
body fluids
• infected animals
• High risk groups – bush meat
hunters, forest dwellers, health
workers, relatives of patients,
funeral attendees, corpse handlers,
lab personnel

8. SYMPTOMS
EXPOSURE & INCUBATION
Symptoms typically begin 4-9 days
after exposure ,Though incubation
may last for up to 21 days
COURSE OF ILLNESS
Usually lasts between 6-10 days
•Days 1-3 in the first few days of illness
patients have flu , like symptoms and
profound weakness .
• Days 4-7 around this period patients may
also have vomiting ,nausea , diarrhea , low
blood pressure , headache and anemia .
•Days 7-10 toward the end of illness , there is
confusion and bleeding both internal and
visible all of this progress toward coma ,
shock and finally
Death

10. VIROLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS
Genome has 7 genes:
NP, VP35, VP40, GP, VP30, VP24, and L
Structure of Ebola genome and proteins
• Transcribed into 8 sub-genomic mRNA
proteins: 7 structural and 1 nonstructural
• 7 structural proteins:
• nucleoprotein (NP)
• 4 viral/virion proteins (VP35, VP40, VP30, VP24)
• glycoprotein (GP)
• RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein)
• NP, VP35, VP30, L protein: required for
transcription & replication
• VP40, GP, VP24: associated with the
membrane

11. VIRUS STRAINS
5 different strains
• E. Sudan
• E. Zaire
• E. Ivory Coast
• Only one confirmed case
• E. Reston
• Non pathogenic to humans
• E. Bundibugyo

12. TREATMENT AND VACCINES
• Supportive care – rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids and treatment of
Specific symptoms improves survival . There is as yet no proven treatment
available for EVD . However a range of potential treatment including blood
product , immune therapies and drug therapies are currently evaluated . No
licensed vaccines are available yet . But two potential vaccines are under going
human safety testing .
• Convalescent Serum/Plasma transfusion
• Experimental Drugs via Compassionate Use
• Polymerase inhibitor
• Monoclonal antibodies

13. FACTS ABOUT EBOLA
• Ebola is an new and emerging infection
• Ability to cause large outbreaks with high casualty
• Lack of effective treatment and vaccine
• Delayed international response and funding problems
• West Africa could face up to 10,000 new Ebola cases a week within two month ,
WHO warned Tuesday 14th of October 2014 . Adding that the death of rate in the
current outbreak has risen 70% .
• Dr Bruce AlwaradWHO assistance director general said “now the 70 percent
death rate was a high mortality disease and if the world’s response to the ebola
crisis isn't stepped out a lot more people will die and there will be a huge need
to deal with the spiralling number of cases

14. How contagious is Ebola?

15. Total: 9216cases:4555 deaths
-------------------
Liberia: 3834cases;2069deaths
Sierra Leone: 2437 cases; 623
deaths
Guinea: 1199cases;735 deaths
Nigeria: 20 cases; 8 deaths
Senegal: 1 case
-------------------
United States: 3 case
In the last 4 weeks, there has been exponential growth of cases in this
devastating outbreak that has created urgency for immediate action.

16. REFERENCES
• World Health Organization 2014 WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be
purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia,
1211 ,Geneva 27, Switzerland, bookorders@who.int).
• Centers for Disease Control And Prevention,CDC,www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola
• The new England journal o f medicine, 11 oct 2014 , N Engl J Med
2014;371:1418-25.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1404505, Copyright © 2014 Massachusetts Medical
Society
• Ebola and Marburg virus disease epidemics: preparedness, alert, control,
and evaluation , Geneva, Switzerland , August 2014 , Published paper
• http://africacheck.org/factsheets/factsheet-what-is-ebola/
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