Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a often-fatal viral disease that affects humans and nonhuman primates. It was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. There are 5 distinct sub-species of the Ebola virus. The natural reservoir of the virus is unknown, but it is believed to be animal-borne and native to Africa. Early symptoms include fever, headache, and muscle pain. Late stage symptoms are more severe and include internal and external bleeding. The virus disables a human protein called tetherin that normally prevents virus spread, allowing the virus to efficiently spread from cell to cell. There is no approved vaccine yet for Ebola virus, but research is

1. Presented by:
Jon Brown
Leonard Bagwala

2. WHAT IS EBOLA
- Ebola hemorrhagic fever:
Named after a river in the Congo
where it was first found
- Often-fataldisease in humans and
nonhuman primates (monkeys,
gorillas, and chimpanzees)
- Has appeared sporadically since
its initial recognition in 1976
- Mortality rate can reach 90%

3. -Family: Filoviridae
-Order: Mononegavirales
Family and Order -5 distinct sub-species
-Cote d’Ivorie(Ivory Coast)
ebolavirus
-Reston ebolavirus
-Sudan ebolavirus
-Zaire ebloavirus
-Bundibugyo ebolavirus
- Characteristics of Filoviruses:
- Filamentous form with a uniform
diameter of approximately 80 nm but
display great variation in length.
- Nonsegmented negative-stranded
RNA genome containing 7 structural
and regulatory genes.

4. Where is the Ebola virus found in
nature
• Natural reservoir of the Ebola virus remains unknown.
• Zoonotic (animal-borne)
• Four of the 5 subtypes occur in an animal host native to
Africa 1 occurs in Philippine monkeys .
• Origination: Africa...The virus is not known to be native to
other continents, such as North America.

6. Modes of Infection

7. Early Symptoms
During the incubation period, (2 to 21
days), symptoms include:
• Arthritic pain
• Backache (low-back pain)
• Chills
• Diarrhea
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Headache
• Malaise (general feeling of being unwell)
• Nausea
• Sore throat
• Vomiting

8. Late Symptoms
Late symptoms include:
• Bleeding from eyes, ears, and nose
• Bleeding from the mouth and rectum (gastrointestinal
bleeding)
• Depression
• Eye inflammation (conjunctivitis)
• Genital swelling (labia and scrotum)
• Increased feeling of pain in skin
• Rash over the entire body that often contains blood
(hemorrhagic)
• Roof of mouth looks red
• Seizures, coma, delirium
As many as 90% of patients die from the disease. Patients usually
die from shock rather than from blood loss.

9. How it works
Tetherin: A human cellular protein
which inhibits retrovirus infection
by preventing the diffusion of virus
particles after budding from
infected cells
Threadlike Ebola virions bud from
a cell.
The Ebola virus disables a cell's
tetherin protein.

10. Hope on the Horizon?
Ebola virus glycoprotein, or
"spike protein,"