1. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
Presented By:
Riaz, Muhammad Rizwan
(ID: 37-147005)
Hori, Ichimura, Lalith Lab
D1 Student
EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION PALN/
MEASURES
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2. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
Outline/Plan of Presentation
 Seismicity of Pakistan
 Mitigation by Early Warning
 Mitigation by EQ resistant construction
 Summary
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3. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
Seismicity and Seismic Disaster in Pakistan
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Year Location Magnitude Deaths
893 Shahbandar, Sindh 8.0 1 50 000
1668 Shahbandar, Sindh 7.6 50 000
1819 Allahband, Sindh 7.5 3 200
1827 Lahore, Punjab 7.8 1 000
1935
Alijan(Quetta),
Balochistan
7.7 40 000
1945 Balochistan 7.8 4 000
1974 Hunza, KPK 6.2 5 300
2005 Muzafferabad, AJK 7.8 80 000
2008 Ziarat, Balochistan 6.4 215
2011
Dalbandin,
Balochistan
7.2 NIL
 Pakistan is having significant seismic
threat due to its critical geographic
location.
 This area has a history of major
earthquakes.

4. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
Earthquake Damage Mitigation
Pre Event Measures
 Pursuing prediction methods
 Establishing building codes/
Earthquake proof construction
During Event Measures
 Education and Training
Post Event Measures
 Improving methods for rescue
 Timely rehabilitation
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5. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
5
Mitigation by Early
Warning

6. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
Early Warning Through Mosques
 Mosque is a compulsory component of
muslim society.
 In Pakistan, there are about 300,000
small and large mosques.
 For Comparison, total number of all
schools (primary, middle and high
schools) is about 175,000. (UNICEF)
 If earthquake warning office is
connected to mosques of susceptible
areas, the p-s time can be efficiently
used and in fraction of second whole
community can be warned.
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7. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
 People actively maintain the mosques on
their own.
 Loud speakers and battery (alternate)
power is available.
 People give importance to, listen carefully
to the announcement from a mosque.
 Almost everybody can hear the
announcement.
 The structures are strong and have more
chances of surviving in an earthquake.
 No need to build separate structures and
to install earthquake alarms.
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Early Warning Through Mosques

8. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
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Hazard Detection
Interpretation and
issuance of warning
to susceptible areas
Warning
announcements Safety measures

9. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
Early Warning (Benefits)
 This method is better than announcements by Radio, TV, Mobile
phones because almost all the people will listen to this
announcement.
 Post earthquake instructions can also be issued like information
about after shocks and recovery.
 For single storey structures, a warning few seconds before the
striking of earthquake can be very helpful in saving people.
 In 2005 earthquake in Pakistan, about 17000 children died in
schools and if their had been an announcement few seconds
before the earthquake, this number might have been significantly
lesser.
 Applicable to other hazards also.
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10. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
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Mitigation by Earthquake
Resistant Construction

11. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
Reconstruction in Pakistan after 2005 Earthquake
Rehabilitation has been done but the
problem is that the techniques and
materials proposed are not, locally
 Available
 Applicable
 Acceptable
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Structural Concrete Insulated Panels (SCIP) Tech.
Thermo pore Sheets Erected and Covered with
Steel Mesh Before Concreting
Concrete / Stucco Plaster is being applied as Top Coat

12. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
12
Local Construction

13. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
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Masonry/Adobe Structures; Pressed Bricks and Bamboo
Reinforcement
Pressed Bricks
 More strength and durability
 Environment friendly and doesn’t require
burning
Bamboo
 Easily available
 Cheap
Other materials like steel or FRP bars and concrete
blocks or burnt bricks can also be used.
Corner Plan
Elevation

14. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
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Waste Tyre Strips for Strengthening Masonry (Proposed by many researchers)
 Can be very useful for strengthening because of
their large strength, ductility and durability.
 Can be used in strips of suitable size which can
be tied to obtain strips of required length.
 This option apart from giving a cheap material
for strengthening, will also avoid environmental
pollution.

15. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
Other Ideas/Suggestions
 PP wire mesh which is currently being used
in Ferro-cement slabs can also be used.
 Use of CFRP and GFRP should be
encouraged by increasing awareness of
their use and providing subsidy.
 Currently, instead of retrofitting or
dismantling the structures, people somehow
manage to continue using the same
damaged structures, till the next EQ.
 Training of masons will be best option to
introduce any technique in local
construction.
 Training and education to people of our
region to avoid injuries and life loss because
of non structural damages.
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16. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
Summary
 In Muslim countries, hazard warning by
announcements from mosques .
 Use of cheap and locally available materials
like bamboo and waste tyres for increasing
the seismic capacity of masonry/adobe
structures.
 Use of PP wire mesh for providing
confinement just like PP Band.
 Use of CFRP and GFRP for quick
retrofitting of RC structures instead of
demolition or doing nothing.
 Training and education of masons in
particular and public in general.
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17. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
Earthquake Mitigation Plan/Measures
17
Proverb by Japanese Physics Scientist Dr. Torahiko
“Natural disasters will hit us by the time
people have forgotten about them”