This document discusses planning and management for tsunamis, focusing on the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It provides an overview of tsunamis, including what they are, their causes and characteristics. It then discusses the impacts of tsunamis, including major historical tsunamis and their effects in India. The document analyzes the areas affected and impacts of the 2004 tsunami in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu. It also examines the local, state and national response and policies related to disaster management and reconstruction in India.
Introduction to natural hazard and disaster management Jahangir Alam
The earth indeed a hazardous planet
There are 516 active volcanoes with an eruption every 15 days (on average)
Global monitors record approximately 2000 earth tremors everyday
There are approximately 2 earthquakes per day of sufficient strength to cause damage to homes and buildings, with severe damage occurring 15 to 20 times per year.
There are 1800 thunderstorms at any given time across the earth surface; lightening strikes 100 times every second.
On average there 4 to 5 tornadoes per day or 600 1000 per year.
NATURAL HAZARDS: SOME FACTS & STATISTICS
Environmental or Natural Hazards/Disasters generally refers to geophysical events such as earthquakes, volcanoes, drought, flooding, cyclone, lightening etc., that can potentially cause large scale economic damage and physical injury or death. Environmental hazards are sometimes known as ‘Act of God.’
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami(Boxing day tsunami), occurred on 26 December, with an epicentre off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia.
One of the deadliest natural calamities.
Died - 230000
Cause – Sumatra – Andaman Earthquake
The 3rd most powerful earthquake in recorded history.
Quake measured – 9.1-9.3 on Richter scale.
The earthquake was caused by a rupture along the fault between the Burmese Plate and the Indian Plate.
Energy released = 23000 Hiroshima type atomic bombs
The quake has displaced huge amount of ocean water that flooded coastlines along the Indian ocean.
about the formation and causes and impacts of the cyclone formation in the earth. and cyclone formed in the INDIA region whole about the briefly explained about cyclone
Introduction to natural hazard and disaster management Jahangir Alam
The earth indeed a hazardous planet
There are 516 active volcanoes with an eruption every 15 days (on average)
Global monitors record approximately 2000 earth tremors everyday
There are approximately 2 earthquakes per day of sufficient strength to cause damage to homes and buildings, with severe damage occurring 15 to 20 times per year.
There are 1800 thunderstorms at any given time across the earth surface; lightening strikes 100 times every second.
On average there 4 to 5 tornadoes per day or 600 1000 per year.
NATURAL HAZARDS: SOME FACTS & STATISTICS
Environmental or Natural Hazards/Disasters generally refers to geophysical events such as earthquakes, volcanoes, drought, flooding, cyclone, lightening etc., that can potentially cause large scale economic damage and physical injury or death. Environmental hazards are sometimes known as ‘Act of God.’
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami(Boxing day tsunami), occurred on 26 December, with an epicentre off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia.
One of the deadliest natural calamities.
Died - 230000
Cause – Sumatra – Andaman Earthquake
The 3rd most powerful earthquake in recorded history.
Quake measured – 9.1-9.3 on Richter scale.
The earthquake was caused by a rupture along the fault between the Burmese Plate and the Indian Plate.
Energy released = 23000 Hiroshima type atomic bombs
The quake has displaced huge amount of ocean water that flooded coastlines along the Indian ocean.
about the formation and causes and impacts of the cyclone formation in the earth. and cyclone formed in the INDIA region whole about the briefly explained about cyclone
A natural disaster is the effect of earths natural hazards, for example flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, heatwave, or landslide. They can lead to financial, environmental or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the vulnerability of the affected population to resist the hazard, also called their resilience. If these disasters continue it would be a great danger for the earth
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
This PowerPoint Presentation (PPT) is a case study of the Bhuj Earthquake 26th January 2001, prepared by my friend Nitin. I'm uploading this PPT inly because it may useful to some one in their study.
Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin or epicenter.
On the morning of January 26, 2001, the Nation’s 52nd Republic Day, a devastating earthquake occurred in the Kutch district of the state of Gujarat.
Disaster management plans are traditionally made to manage disasters. Effective management of disasters requires getting information to the right place at the right time using latest technologies. Leverage learning by local organizations, NGO’s and youth is one effective tool to improve disaster management outcomes. However, there are cognitive, organizational and social barriers that prevent these organizations from learning. Organizational culture is another important aspect to enhance learning and learning literature. In this connection, this paper emphasizes the need for National Disaster Management Force at all levels of society similar to the NSS and NCC in achieving effective disaster management. The necessity of need based systems and procedures, to expedite the transfer of technology to each and every citizen of the country; to implement effective rules and regulations; to design policies; to improve interdisciplinary approach in combating disasters are discussed. An effort is made to propose a futuristic approach to cater the challenges in disaster mitigation and management for safe and resilient India.
A natural disaster is the effect of earths natural hazards, for example flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, heatwave, or landslide. They can lead to financial, environmental or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the vulnerability of the affected population to resist the hazard, also called their resilience. If these disasters continue it would be a great danger for the earth
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
This PowerPoint Presentation (PPT) is a case study of the Bhuj Earthquake 26th January 2001, prepared by my friend Nitin. I'm uploading this PPT inly because it may useful to some one in their study.
Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin or epicenter.
On the morning of January 26, 2001, the Nation’s 52nd Republic Day, a devastating earthquake occurred in the Kutch district of the state of Gujarat.
Disaster management plans are traditionally made to manage disasters. Effective management of disasters requires getting information to the right place at the right time using latest technologies. Leverage learning by local organizations, NGO’s and youth is one effective tool to improve disaster management outcomes. However, there are cognitive, organizational and social barriers that prevent these organizations from learning. Organizational culture is another important aspect to enhance learning and learning literature. In this connection, this paper emphasizes the need for National Disaster Management Force at all levels of society similar to the NSS and NCC in achieving effective disaster management. The necessity of need based systems and procedures, to expedite the transfer of technology to each and every citizen of the country; to implement effective rules and regulations; to design policies; to improve interdisciplinary approach in combating disasters are discussed. An effort is made to propose a futuristic approach to cater the challenges in disaster mitigation and management for safe and resilient India.
This presentation gives a detailed information about the Supercyclone of Odisha which had occured in the year 1999. It gives detailed information about the cyclone and its impact on the Odisha state and what are the steps taken out after this disaster
India is a country of Disasters. We are looking into Disaster Management as a basic problem of India. Our own work in the field of Earthquakes is also discussed.
In light of Tropical Cyclone Phailin, the Yale-Tulane ESF #8 Planning and Response Program has produced a special report. The Yale-Tulane ESF #8 Program is a multi-disciplinary, multi-center, graduate-level, program designed to produce ESF #8 planners and responders with standardized skill sets that are consistent with evolving public policy, technologies, and best practices. The group that produced this summary and analysis of the current situation are graduate students from Yale and Tulane Universities.
Disaster & Climate Risk scenario in India & Assam – A Factual Over View Date:...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
Global natural disaster trends from 1900 to 2014
Major disasters in India (1980-2016)
Top 10 natural disasters in India for the period 2005 to 2016
Top 10 natural disasters in India for the period 2005 to 2016 sorted by no. of total affected people
Top 10 natural disasters in India for the period 2005 to 2013 sorted by economic damage cost
Percentage of people affected by different disasters in India Estimate economic damage reported by disaster type
Hazard profile of Assam & India
Hazard profile of Assam
Disaster Risk Reduction
Aspects of DRR
What is Climate Change ?
Alaska Columbia glacier recedes rapidly
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Manipur earthquake fresh in blood
The unforgettable pilgrimage 2013
Assam Floods in 2016 ………impact
Assam Floods in 2017 ………recent impact
Why is Safe Schools important in South Asia?
School Disasters
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”. World Health Organization (WHO)
“A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or man made that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance”. American Red Cross (ARC)
Study of Natural Disaster and its Impact in Uttarakhandijsrd.com
This paper illustrates that the study on natural disaster should be done in future so that the method of minimizing the impact of the disasters can be achieved. It is the damage or the impact that makes any disaster powerful. It is very common now a days but in the year of 2013, Uttarakhand faced a disaster that completely changed the face of Uttarakhand. In this paper I have studied about the disasters and its impact in the hilly area of Uttarakhand.
Community emergiencies: Role of Nurses in current managementDr.G.Bhuvaneswari
Community emergencies like Natural hazards and disasters that occurred in several parts of the world. Neither all the hazards or all disasters can be preventable, but the destruction can be minimized. Community Emergency Plans can help to minimize the impact of an emergency
And help communities to recover more quickly.
The Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 Remembering a Catastrophe.pptxelizabethella096
On the morning of December 26, 2004, one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history struck the shores of countries bordering the Indian Ocean. Triggered by a massive undersea earthquake off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. A series of powerful tsunamis radiated across the ocean, devastating coastal communities and leaving a trail of unprecedented destruction in their wake. This event, commonly known as the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004. Profoundly altered the lives of millions and prompted global humanitarian efforts.
Flood has been considered as one of the very most recurring and frequent disaster in the world. Due to recurrent prevalence, the economic loss and life damage caused by the flood has put more burdens on economy than any other natural disaster. India has continuously suffered by many flood events which claimed collosal loss of life and economy. It has been found that the incidences of the flood are increasing very sporadically. Causes can be climate change, cloud bursting, tsunami or poor river management, silting etc. but devastation is increasing both in terms of lives and economies.
Flood is most profound and costliest natural disaster in the world which devastates both life and economy at a large extent. It is defined as, “High-water stages in which water over flows its natural or artificial banks onto normally dry land, such as a river inundating its floodplain.” This local and short term event comes with little or no alarming
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Tsunami
1. SUBMITTED
TO:MRS.SHIVANGI
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT FOR
DISASTERS
TSUNAMI
Group IV
C.CHERISHMA(10011BA006)
P.L.PRASANNA(10011BA015)
B.PRAMOD KUMAR(10011BA025)
SHYAM SUNDHAR(10011BA033)
BHANUPRAKASH(09011BA006)
M.PUSHPALATHA(08011BA019)
6/17/2013
2. OVER VIEW
WHAT IS TSUNAMI & CAUSE OF TSUNAMI
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TSUNAMI.
IMPACTS OF TSUNAMI
MAJOR TSUNAMIS IN WORLD & IN INDIA
AREAS EFFECTED & IMPACT OF TSUNAMI 2004 IN INDIA
LOCAL BODIES AND AGENCIES RESPONSE AND RECOVERY &
RECONSTRUCTION ASSISTANCE
POLICIES IN INDIA
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
CASE STUDY
6/17/20132
3. DEFINITION: A TSUNAMI is a series of water waves caused by the
displacement of a large volume of a body of water, typically an ocean or a large
lake.
GENERATION MECHANISM (CAUSE) OFTSUNAMI.
• The principal generation mechanism (or cause) of a tsunami is the displacement of a
substantial volume of water or perturbation of the sea.
SEISMICITY
LANDSLIDES.
METEOTSUNAMI
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4. Travel at speeds of up to 400-500 miles per hour
In deep waters, tsunamis are low and wide, often less than three feet high
As much as 95 miles between the crest of one wave and the next.
Can reach up to heights of 100 feet or more and crash inland.
When the wave enters shallow water, it slows down and its amplitude (height) increases.
While everyday wind waves have a wavelength (from crest to crest) of about 100 metres
(330 ft) and a height of roughly 2 metres (6.6 ft), a tsunami in the deep ocean has a
wavelength of about 200 kilometres (120 mi).
6/17/20134
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TSUNAMI.
5. IMPACTS OF TSUNAMI
HUMANITARIAN: It has been reported that severe
damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such
as mangroves, coral reefs, forests, coastal wetlands,
vegetation, sand dunes and rock formations, animal and
plant biodiversity and groundwater.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: It has been reported
that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such
as mangroves, coral reefs, forests, coastal wetlands,
vegetation, sand dunes and rock formations, animal and
plant biodiversity and groundwater.
ECONOMICAL IMPACT: The two main occupations
affected by the tsunami were fishing and tourism. The
impact on coastal fishing communities and the people living
there, some of the poorest in the region
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9. TSUNAMI 2004 IN INDIA
The earthquake and resulting tsunami in the Indian Ocean
on December 26th, 2004 had a devastating effect on India.
According to the Indian government, almost 11,000 people
died in the tsunami and over 5,000 are missing and feared
dead (Ministry of Home Affairs).
Along India's southeastern coast, several villages were
swept away, and thousands of fishermen at sea were
missing.
India' mainland, hardest hit was the state of Tamil Nadu.
The southern peninsular region comprising Kerala and part
of Tamil Nadu on the west coast and the rest of Tamil
Nadu.
The 9.0 magnitude (for 5 minutes) quake created a series
of tsunamis that caused great destruction and loss of life
throughout the Indian Ocean basin, within several hours of
the initial event.
6/17/20139
10. AREAS EFFECTED BY TSUNAMI 2004 IN INDIA
ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS:The tsunami hit hard the Andaman and
Nicobar group which comprises of a total of 572 islands of which 38 were significantly
inhabited.The waves literally washed away some of these islands.
KERALA:The tsunami killed many people (official toll 168) and caused extensive
destruction particularly at Kollam (131 dead), Alappuzha (32) and Ernakulam (5) were also
affected.
PONDICHERRY:In the Union territory of Pondicherry, the affected districts were
Pondicherry (107 dead), Karaikal (453 dead). The latest official toll was 560. An estimated
30,000 people were rendered homeless .
TAMIL NADU:The overall death toll in the state was 7,793. The Nagapattinam district had
5,525 casualties. The latest reported death toll at Velankanni was 1,500. Kanyakumari district
has had 808 deaths, Cuddalore district 599, the state capital Chennai 206 and Kancheepuram
district 124.
ANDHRA PRADESH:There was significant loss of life and destruction. The affected
districts were Krishna, Prakasam, Nellore, Guntur, West Godavari and East Godavari.
6/17/201310
12. DETAILS OF IMPACT OF THE TSUNAMIS OF 26TH DECEMBER, 2004 -
ON THE MAIN LAND ST ATES
Details Andhra Pradesh Kerala Tamil Nadu Pondicherry Total
Coastal length
affected in km
985 250 1000 25 2260
Percentage of
water into main
land
0.50-2.0 1-2 1-1.5 0.30-3.0 -
Average height
of the tidal wave
5 Mtrs 3-5 Mtrs 7-10 Mtrs 10 Mtrs -
No. of villages
affected
301 187 373 33 894
Population
affected(in lakh)
2.11 24.70 8.85 0.43 36.09
Dwelling units 1557 17381 124227 10061 153226
Cattle lost 195 NR 5477 506 6178
Cropped area
(Ha)
790 NR 2589 792 4171
Tsunami impact is more on tamil nadu state when compared to
other states.
6/17/201312
13. LOCAL BODIES AND AGENCIES ARE SEEKING
PUBLIC HELPAND CONTRIBUTIONS
Indian Prime Minister's National Relief Fund
The Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has issued an appeal for contributions.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies donation
International Committee of the Red Cross donation page
The Hindu Relief Fund
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister's Public Relief Fund
NDTV's trust fund
A listing of News and information about resources, aid, donations and volunteer efforts by
a volunteer team of bloggers. Fresh information can be posted here.
A blog of India-related relief efforts
Volunteers for India Development and Empowerment requests on-line donations to provide
for immediate relief to disaster victims
Site run by the South Indian Federation of Fishermen Societies (SIFFS)
6/17/201313
14. RESPONSE AND RECOVERY
Ex Gratia
S .no Government Ex Gratia
1 Government of India *The prime minister has announced an ex-gratia payment of
RS.100000 to the next of kin of each deceased.
*The ex-gratia payment will be made from the prime
minister’s national relief fund.
2 State Government of Tamil Nadu The chief minister has announced an ex-gratia payment of
RS.100000 to the families of each of the victims.
3 State Government of kerala Ex-gratia of RS.50000 to the next kin of those killed.
Assistance of RS.10000 for the families of the deceased, to
meet the funeral expenses.
4 Union territory of pondicherry *The chief minister N Rangasamy has announced an ex gratia
of RS.100000 to the next of kin of the dead.
*The administration would also pay an ex gratia of RS.5000
towards funeral expenditure.
*For those injured in the disaster, the administration would
provide RS.5000.
*A sum of RS.10000 to enable the homeless to reconstruct
houses.
15. RECONSTRUCTION ASSISTANCE BY AGENCY / INSTITUTION
AGENCY /
INSTITUTION
ANDHRA PRADESH KERELA TAMIL NADU PONDI CHERRY
Government Housing and boats Land acquisition, housing, boats
NGOs Housing Housing and boats Housing
ADB Reconstruction of
ports, rural and
municipal
infrastructure (except
rural water supply),
roads, micro
enterprises
Reconstruction of ports,
rural and municipal
infrastructure, micro -
enterprise
UN Hazard risk management, health services and primary education
IFAD Livelihood
rehabilitation in affected
coastal fisheries
World Bank Revitalizing affected
fisheries and micro –
enterprises,
reconstruction of rural
& municipal
infrastructure
Rural Water Supply Reconstruction of
housing, public
buildings and highways,
and limited support in
restoration of
agriculture, horticulture,
animal husbandry and
fisheries infrastructure
Reconstruction of
housing, fisheries
infrastructure and
restoration of
agriculture
16. POLICIES IN INDIA
NATIONAL POLICY ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT (NPDM)
The National Policy on Disaster Management (NPDM) has been prepared in tune with
and in pursuance of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 with a vision to build a safe and
disaster resilient India by developing a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster oriented and
technology driven strategy through a culture of prevention, mitigation, preparedness and
response.
The NPDM aims to bring in transparency and accountability in all aspects of disaster
management through involvement of community, community based
organizations, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), local bodies and civil society.
THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005
The Act provides for the legal and institutional framework for the effective management
of disasters.
The Act mandates creation of new institutions and assignment of specific roles for
Central, State and Local Governments.
Under the provisions of the Act, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
has been established under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister and National
Executive Committee (NEC) of Secretaries has been created to assist the NDMA in the
performance of its functions
6/17/201316
17. DISASTER MANAGEMENT FOR TSUNAMI IN INDIA
DISASTER:A disaster is any event, natural or man-caused, which creates an intense
negative impact on people, goods and services, and/or the environment, and exceeds the
affected community’s internal capability to respond, prompting the need to seek outside
assistance.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT :it can be defined as the organization and management of
resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in
particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.
THE COMPRHENESIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(CDM) CYCLE
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18. DIASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
6/17/201318
ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED
PREVENTION Research Institutions (Sponsored Research)
Ministry of Earth Science (IMD, DOD, DST)
Ministry of Water Resources
Ministry of Agriculture
MITIGATION Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA, MUD, MoEF and
other related ministries and departments)
State Govt. (Various Departments)
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
PREPAREDNESS Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA, MUD, MoEF)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
19. DIASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
6/17/201319
ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED
RESPONSE Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
RELIEF Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
REHABILITATION Central Govt. (Integrated efforts of
various ministries and departments)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
RECONSTRUCTION Central Govt. (Integrated efforts of
various ministries and departments)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
LONG TERM RECOVERY Central, State, Local Govt. and NGO’s
20. MITIGATION: During the mitigation phase structural and non-structural
measures are undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental
degradation and technological hazards.
STRUCTURAL MITIGATION MEASURES
Permanent structures strictly according to BIS codes
Retrofitting of vulnerable structures for tsunami/cyclone resistance
Retrofitting of important buildings
I. Fire stations / police stations/ army structures/ hospitals
II. VIP residences / offices/ railways, airport, etc.
III. Schools/colleges
IV. Hazardous industries
V. Other critical structures (i.e. power stations, warehouses, oil and
other storage tanks etc)
6/17/201320
MITIGATION MEASURES
21. MITIGATION MEASURES
6/17/201321
NON-STRUCTURAL MITIGATION MEASURES
Education
Public Awareness
Information
Risk Communication
Training to all concerned
(Govt. officials, search and rescue
workers, volunteers, women, children, elderly, local community as a whole)
Coastal regulations Zone Act – Strict implementation (no
development within 500 m of the high tide line with elevation of less than 10 m
above m.s.l)
Land use Zoning in accordance with CRZ
22. MITIGATION MEASURES
6/17/201322
Natural Bioshields (Mangroves) and shelterbelt plantations (Casuarina)
Maintaining Natural Sand dunes
Maintaining and promoting beach development
23. PREPAREDNESS
6/17/201323
PREPAREDNESS: Preparedness activities are geared towards minimizing
disaster damage, enhancing disaster response operations and preparing organizations and
individuals to respond. They also involve planning, organizing, training, interaction with
other organizations and related agencies, resource inventory, allocation and
placement, and plan testing.
TSUNAMI PREPAREDNESS FOR FAR-FIELD AND LOCAL TSUNAMIS
MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS.
RESPONSE
RESPONSE: Actions carried out in a disaster situation with the objective to save
life, alleviate suffering and reduce economic losses.
Emergency Tsunami Response.
Emergency Search and Rescue.
Emergency Relief.
Incident Response System.
Community-Based Disaster Response.
24. RESPONSE
6/17/201324
Involvement of Corporate Sector.
Improving Tsunami Response.
Emergency Medical Response.
RECOVERY:
In the recovery phase, also referred to as the
recovery and rehabilitation phase, activities are
geared towards the restoration of basic services and
the beginning of the repair of physical, social and
economic damage e.g. lifelines, health and
communication facilities, as well as utility systems.
25. SPECIFIC MEASURES FOR SAFETY FROM
TSUNAMIS
EFFECT DESIGN SOLUTION
Hydrodynamic forces (pushing forces on the
front face building and drag caused by flow
around the building
elevate building to avoid
design for dynamic water forces on walls
&building elements.
anchor building to foundation.
Debris impact elevate building to avoid
design for impact loads
scour use deeper foundation.
protect against scour and erosion around
foundation
6/17/201325
26. SPECIFIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR TSUNAMI
Know the Tsunami Risk at the site.
Avoid new developments in Tsunami Run-up Areas
Site Planning Strategies to reduce Tsunami Risk
Tsunami Resistant Buildings – New Developments
Protection of existing buildings and infrastructure – Assessment,
Retrofit, Protection measures.
Special Precautions in locating and designing infrastructure and
critical facilities
Planning for Evacuation
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28. YEAR 2004 TSUNAMI AND THE TAMIL NADU
COAST OF INDIA
Around 13 coastal districts were affected by the tsunami in the state of Tamil
Nadu. Most, severely were affected Nagapattinam, Cuddalore, Chennai,
Kancheepuram and Kanakumari districts (Govt. of Tamil Nadu, 2005).
Many casualties were detected in 80 places where pilgrims and tourists flock,
such as Velankanni and Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India, and on
Marina Beach in Chennai .
The damage to the fishing community who inhabit the land closest to the these
fishing communities face the long-term consequences of lost homes, destroyed
village infrastructure and total loss of livelihood when boats and fishing
equipment were lost.
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30. AREAS AFFECTED IN TAMIL NADU COAST
The places covered in the map of Tamil Nadu are
Coimbatore, Udagamangalam, Nilgiris, Erode, Namakkal, Ariyalur, Nagappattinam, C
uddalore
Pondicherry,Viluppuram, Tiruvannamalai, Dharampuri, Kanchipuram, Vellore, Chenn
ai, Tiruvallur.
The massive waves from the December 2004 tsunami crossed the Bay of Bengal at
the speed of up to 500 miles per hour and wreaked havoc on India‘s southern coast.
The state of Tamil Nadu was worst hit; Kerala also saw extensive damage. Other states
such as Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal were affected to a lesser degree.
The total number of affected people in Tamil Nadu (including those who died and
were displaced by the disaster) was 52,190 (Govt. of Tamil Nadu, 2005). In
Kerala, the tsunami killed or displaced 25,149 people
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33. CASE STUDY: NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT (TAMILNADU)
It is one of the coastal districts in Tamil
Nadu. Located between 10 15‘ to 11
30‘ N and 79 30‘ to 79 55‘ E,
Nagapattinam was carved out of the
Thanjavur district in 1997.
It is bounded by the Bay of Bengal on the
east, the Palk Strait on the South, the
Tiruvarur and Thanjavur District on the
West, and Northwest and Cuddalore
District on the North .
This district forms a part of the Cauvery
river basin and delta. The district has a
coastline stretching up to 190 km.
The total geographical area of the district
is around 3536.38 Sq. km and it still
continues to contribute its major share in
the production of rice in Tamil Nadu.
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36. 6/17/201336
HISTORICAL PAST OF NAGAPATTINAM
DISTRICT
A Coastal District having a large coast line of 141 kilometres. This District has a
numerous places of historical importance. Nagapattinam is an old Port Town.
Nagapattinam is a multi-hazard prone district with heavy winds, cyclones, floods being a
regular feature. It has varied experience in handling these disasters but what happened on
26th December, 2004 was something beyond expectations.
This District is having an area of 2715.83 Sq. Kms in its fold. The District Headquaters is
Nagapattinam. This district is enveloping 11 Panchayat Unions, 4 Municipalties, 8 Town
Panchayats on its Development Side. On the Revenue Side,it is housing 2 Revenue
divisions with 4 and 3 Taluks respectively and 523 revenueVillages.
37. HISTORY OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN THE PAST FIVE DECADES
Date of
occurrence
Calamity Damages caused
30.11.1952 Storm surge in land
upto 5 miles
400 lives
08.12.1967 Cyclone 7 lives lost and 15,000 rendered homeless
12.11.1977 Cyclone 560 lives lost and 196 missing. Damages to port, irrigation systems, road, power
supply and communication including large number of houses
01.12.1984 Floods due to heavy
rain
Crops damaged in large scale and normal life affected due to heavy floods
15.11.1991 Heavy rainfall Crops damaged
04.12.1993 Cyclone speed 188
kmph
1100 people lost their lives, severe damage to crops
29.10.2004 /
Nov 2004
Floods due to heavy
rain
Crops damaged, around 12,000 houses damaged
26.12.2004 Tsunami (Indian
Ocean)
6065 dead and 1922 injured. 12,821 cattle lost, large number of houses, boats and
infrastructure damaged
When compared to other calamites the loss due to tsunami is more.6/17/201337
38. DISTRICT PROFILE
Revenue Divisions 2
Taluks 8
Municipalities 4
Panchayat Unions 11
Town Panchayats 8
Panchayats 434
Habitations 2508
Coastline 187 Kilometers
OCCUPATION AND POPULATION OF NAGAPATTINAM TOWN:
It is surrounded by a number of ice factories for preserving the fish caught in the sea. The marine catch
mainly comprises of leognathics, sharks, flying fish, chank, catfish, prawns, silver bellies, crabs, rays and
other varieties. Mechanized boats, catamarans and country canoes are used for fishing. This major
fishing hub was severely destroyed during the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004.
POPULATION
Area Total
Households
Total
Population
Male Female Sex Area Population
Density
Rural 271827 1158557 576010 582547 1011 225.03 520.69
Urban 71786 330282 163064 167218 1025 191.97 1720.49
Total 343613 1488839 739064 749765 1014 2417.00 615.99
39. NAGAPATTINAM
THE BLACK SUNDAY
In Tamil Nadu, the coastline is 1076 km long, which is twelve percent of entire Indian
coastline and has 13 coastal districts. All these districts were affected due to the
Tsunami.
SCALE OF DAMAGE
The tsunami left around 6065 people dead and the entire coastline devastated in the
district. Around 73 habitations in 38 Revenue Villages and 5 Taluks were affected. Out
of these, 1776 were children (887 male, 889 females) which is approximately
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40. one-third of the total dead and 2406 were women. The high death toll of children
and women highlighted the fact that Tsunami had caught people unawares.
A possible explanation for the high number of deaths among women was that the
tsunami struck at a time when most of them were in the shore receiving their men
folk returning from the sea. Added to this was the fact that it was a day after the
Christmas and a Sunday morning, which had a large number of people, enjoying
the morning breeze.
Total Area 2.7 lakh hectares
Total Population 14.88 lakhs
Urban Population 3.3 lakhs
Rural Population 11.58 lakhs
Affected Population 1.96 lakhs
Fishermen 87 %
Agricultural Laborers 5 %
Traders 5%
Tourists/Pilgrims 3 %
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41. Of 19,736 houses, the construction of 19,019 have been completed & handed over to the
beneficiaries and 717 houses are under various stages of construction.
Construction 19,736 permanent houses have been planned for Tsunami victims who lost
their houses in Tsunami. 15,038 houses have been relocated site and 4,698 houses are being
constructed on in-situ sites.
Of 19,736 houses, the constructions of 17,701 houses have been taken up by the 58 NGOs
and 2,035 houses have been constructed by Government.
2,035 houses have been undertaken by the Government 1,143 houses are built by Tsunami
District Implementation Unit in rural areas and 892 houses by Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance
Board in urban areas.
Of 717 houses which are under various stages 409 houses by NGOs will be completed
before December 2009 and remaining 276 houses by Government will be completed by
November 2009.
CONSTRUCTION OF PERMANENT HOUSES
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42. RELIEF ASSISTANCE TO LOSS OF LIFE
Ex-gratia relief assistance paid to the legal heirs of 4,987 deceased in Tsunami at the rate of Rs.1.00 lakh from the
Chief Minister’s Relief Fund and Rs.1.00 lakh from the Prime Minister’s Public Relief Fund. Rs.99.74 crores
sanctioned to the victims of which 4,230 belong to Nagapattinam District, 517 from other Districts and 240 from
other States
Rs.138.25 crores spent on relief assistance to 2,611 injured persons in Tsunami.
Rs.7.00 lakhs spent on recanalisation to 40 women lost their children in Tsunami.
Rs.14.00 crores have been paid as a premium under Universal Health Insurance Scheme covering 68 lakhs Tsunami
victims under Insurance coverage
Rs.170.60 crores have been spent against the sanctioned amount of Rs.170.60 crores on basic amenities on the
construction sites like internal road, approach road, land filling, electricity connection, streetlights and livelihood.
Rs.11.50 crores sanctioned for execution of common sewerage system in urban areas by Tamil Nadu Water Supply
& Drainage Board (TWAD). Work is under progress.
All the houses in rural areas are built with toilet attached with individual septic tank with leach pit except 1,733
houses which were taken up by Government at the cost of Rs.150.41 lakhs
All the houses are insured for 10 years for the sum insured of Rs.69,07,600/-
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43. RECONSTRUCTION OF VULNERABLE HOUSES
Reconstruction of 87 vulnerable houses within 200 mtrs from HTL in rural areas have been taken up
under Rajiv Gandhi Rehabilitation Package for Tsunami Affected Areas. All the houses are handed over
to the beneficiaries.
Reconstruction of 269 vulnerable houses within 200 mtrs from HTL in urban areas have been taken up
under Rajiv Gandhi Rehabilitation Package for Tsunami Affected Areas 255 houses were handed over to
the beneficiaries. 11 houses under progress. 3 houses to be dropped.
1985 vulnerable houses have been identified from 200 mtrs to 1000 mtrs of HTL in rural areas which are
to be constructed under the assistance of World Bank by Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
Department.
THE NUTSHELL OF TSUNAMI RELIEF AND REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES IN
NAGAPATTINAM:
The Office of Prime Minister sanctioned Rs.111.39 crores for Tsunami victims of which Rs.107.19
crores have been utilized.
Rs.81.13 crores sanctioned from Rajiv Gandhi Rehabilitation Package for Tsunami Affected Areas for
construction of houses and basic amenities of which Rs.78.98 crores have been spent.
BSNL sanctioned Rs.26.02 crores for construction of 1,020 permanent houses for Tsunami victims and
Rs.26.02 crores have been spent.
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44. Rs.148.46 crores have been spent from the Chief Minister’s Public Relief Fund for ex-gratia
payment to Loss of life and injured.
Rs.160.70 crores spent against Rs.119.20 crores from the Calamity Relief Fund.
Rs.46.67 crores have been spent for immediate restoration like debris clearance, approach road, etc.,
by the Government of Tamil Nadu.
Rs.6.17 crores have been utilized against Rs.6.25 crores under MPLADS for creation infrastructures
like old age home, school buildings, etc.
Rs.133.47 crores sanctioned by Asian Development Bank under TEAP for creation of infrastructures
and livelihood in Tsunami affected areas. Rs.110.80 crores have been spent out of Rs.133.47 crores.
The World Bank sanctioned Rs.112.49 crores under ETRP of which Rs.77.24 crores have been spent.
IFAD sanctioned Rs.49.83 crores for livelihood assistance in Tsunami affected areas through Self
Help Groups.
Apart from this the NGOs contributed around Rs.300 crores on various schemes for Tsunami Relief
& Rehabilitation activities.
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