An earthquake occurred in Indian-controlled Kashmir that registered a magnitude of 5.7 on the Richter scale. Nine people were injured and several buildings were damaged, including two schools and four residential buildings. Cell phone communications were also disrupted. Earthquakes are the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Major past earthquakes in India provide a baseline for disaster planning. The Disaster Management Act of 2005 establishes institutions and coordination mechanisms for effective earthquake disaster management at national, state, and district levels.

1. Prepared by:
Siddhi Adhav
&
Akash Tikhe
(akashtk92@gmail.com)
MITIGATION OF AN
EARTHQUAKE

2. What is an Earthquake?
• An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the
result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that
creates seismic waves.
• Impact of earthquake Is characterized by intensity and epicenter,
also aftershocks.
Reasons - a. Tectonic movement
b. Outer stresses
c. Volcanic eruptions
d. Seismic waves

3. History
• Eons – plate formation during
formation of earth.
• Tectonic plates.
• Different pressures and
structure
• Difference in duration of
formation.

4. Major earthquakes
in India.
• The baseline study
for planning is
obtained from these
earthquakes.

5. Recent earthquake
Moderately strong earthquake has hit a mountainous region in
Indian-controlled Kashmir.
Magnitude-5.7 Richter scale.
Nine people injured and several buildings are damaged
including two schools and four residential buildings.
It also disrupted cell phone communications.

6. Disaster management
•The Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DM Act, 2005) lays down institutional and
coordination mechanism for effective disaster management (DM) at the national,
state and district levels.
•A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and
implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for prevention of danger
or threat of any disaster.
•Seismic hazard in the context of engineering design is defined as the predicted
level of ground acceleration which would be exceeded with 10% probability at the
site under construction due to occurrence of earthquake anywhere in the region, in
next 50 years.
•Establishment of National institute for disaster management (NIDM).

7. Six pillars of management

8. The national vision is “to build a safer
and disaster resilient India by
developing a holistic, proactive, multi-
disaster and technology driven strategy
for DM.
NATIONAL VISION

9. Case study-Gujarat earthquake rehabilitation program
• Rapid post earthquake reconnaissance to assess impact, and development of
retrofitting techniques for damaged structures
• Evaluation of earthquake ground motions data, seismic hazard and
vulnerability, and causes of damage
• Development of design guidelines for new constructions and evaluation of
structural designs
• Training of government and private sector engineers in repairs and
rehabilitation of damaged buildings
• Providing technical inputs to the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.
• Preparation of re-development plan for the town of Anjar in Gujarat to ensure
seismic safety as well as sustainable development.

10. Case study- Earthquake Engineering at IIT Bombay
IIT Bombay supports extensive research, development and outreach activities
in the area of earthquake engineering.
• Structural Earthquake Engineering
• Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
• Seismology/Geology
• Remote Sensing
Some major research facilities setup through dedicated efforts include: large
and small shake tables, actuators for pseudo dynamic tests, structure condition
assessment systems, GPS equipment and an advanced Geotechnical
centrifuge with proposed uniaxial earthquake simulator.

11. Thank you.