Earth Science 3 2
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Intrusive igneous rocks form below Earth's surface while extrusive rocks form on the surface. Porphyritic texture consists of large crystals in a matrix of smaller crystals. Granitic composition indicates a rock is mostly quartz and feldspar, basaltic contains dark minerals and plagioclase, and andesitic lies between felsic and mafic compositions. Slow cooling leads to large crystals while rapid cooling results in small, interconnected grains.
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Types of rock
The three main types, or classes, of rock are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous and the differences among them have to do with how they are formed. Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material.
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The document describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt form from cooling magma. Sedimentary rocks like sandstone and shale form from compressed sediments. Metamorphic rocks like gneiss and marble form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure. Rocks give the lithosphere its solid, rigid properties and help maintain the shape of the Earth despite various forces.
Presentation1
This document discusses the properties of rocks and includes the following information:
- It describes different types of rocks based on their color, texture, structure, mineral composition and origin. There are three types based on color - leucocratic, mesocratic, and melanocratic.
- Texture is described in terms of crystallization, grain size, crystal shape, and the mutual relations between grains. Different textures include panidiomorphic, hypidiomorphic, and felsitic.
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- The document also discusses igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in terms of their formation and characteristics. Metamorphic
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The document discusses different methods of classifying igneous rocks, including based on their chemical composition (e.g. silica content into acid/felsic, intermediate, basic/mafic, and ultramafic types), mineralogy (presence of saturated vs. unsaturated minerals), texture (phaneritic or aphanitic), and mode of occurrence (intrusive vs. extrusive). It also describes classification based on the proportions of light-colored minerals like quartz and feldspar versus dark-colored minerals like pyroxene and olivine.
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The document discusses the classification of three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma, sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to pre-existing rocks through heat and pressure. Rocks are classified based on their formation process, composition, grain size, texture, and other properties.
Shs11 earth and life science lesson 7
This document provides an overview of lesson 7 on minerals and rocks. It discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and the processes involved in their formation. For each rock type, details are given on their origin, typical textures, classification schemes, and examples. The lesson also describes key concepts like magma, lava, intrusive/extrusive rocks, sedimentary features, and contact/regional metamorphism. Finally, students are assigned homework to research specific rock examples in more depth.
Types of rock
This document outlines the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It provides details on the formation and examples of types within each category. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from the consolidation of sediments and include sandstone, limestone, and mudstone. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of other rocks under heat, pressure, and chemical change in the crust. The document serves as a basic introduction and overview of rock types.
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This document discusses igneous rocks and their formation. It explains that igneous rocks form as magma cools and crystallizes. There are different textures of igneous rocks depending on factors like cooling rate and mineral grain size. Igneous rocks are also classified based on their composition as felsic, intermediate, or mafic. Common igneous rocks are described like granite, rhyolite, basalt, and gabbro.
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Types of rock
The three main types, or classes, of rock are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous and the differences among them have to do with how they are formed. Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material.
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Presentation1
This document discusses the properties of rocks and includes the following information:
- It describes different types of rocks based on their color, texture, structure, mineral composition and origin. There are three types based on color - leucocratic, mesocratic, and melanocratic.
- Texture is described in terms of crystallization, grain size, crystal shape, and the mutual relations between grains. Different textures include panidiomorphic, hypidiomorphic, and felsitic.
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- The document also discusses igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in terms of their formation and characteristics. Metamorphic
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The document discusses the classification of three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma, sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to pre-existing rocks through heat and pressure. Rocks are classified based on their formation process, composition, grain size, texture, and other properties.
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This document outlines the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It provides details on the formation and examples of types within each category. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from the consolidation of sediments and include sandstone, limestone, and mudstone. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of other rocks under heat, pressure, and chemical change in the crust. The document serves as a basic introduction and overview of rock types.
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This document discusses igneous rocks and their formation. It explains that igneous rocks form as magma cools and crystallizes. There are different textures of igneous rocks depending on factors like cooling rate and mineral grain size. Igneous rocks are also classified based on their composition as felsic, intermediate, or mafic. Common igneous rocks are described like granite, rhyolite, basalt, and gabbro.
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This document provides an overview of the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It describes their formation processes and gives examples. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt form from the cooling of magma either underground or above ground. Sedimentary rocks like limestone and sandstone form through the compression of sediments over time. Metamorphic rocks including marble and quartzite form from existing rocks undergoing heat or pressure changes. The uses of different rock types such as limestone and granite in construction are also detailed.
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Gtag
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II.A Minerals and Rocks
Core Subject: Earth and Life Science
II. Earth Materials and Processes
A. Minerals and Rocks
The learners
demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. the three main categories of rocks
2. the origin and environment of formation of common minerals and rocks
The learners:
1. identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties
2. classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
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The document provides information about rock formation and classification. It defines igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, either below the surface (intrusive) or above (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure and fluids. Rocks are classified based on texture, composition and formation processes. The rock cycle illustrates how rocks continuously change between the three main types through various natural processes.
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Rocks are divided into three major groups: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies. Magma comes from deep below the Earth's surface and is composed mainly of oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and potassium. When magma reaches the surface it is called lava. Igneous rocks can be extrusive or intrusive, with extrusive rocks like lava flows cooling at the surface and intrusive rocks like dikes and sills cooling below the surface. Texture and structures like vesicles and phenocrysts provide clues to how quickly igneous rocks solidified.
Bowen’s Reaction Series
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There are three kinds of rocks, that are defined on the basis of how they formed.
Igneous Rocks:
are formed from the solidification of molten rock or magma.
Sedimentary Rocks:
form through when materials at the earth's surface (sediments) are buried and hardened (lithified).
Metamorphic Rocks:
are formed when older rocks are changed by heat and pressure without being melted.
Lauren
Minerals are non-living substances that make up rocks. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form when melted rock cools and hardens either below or above the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments such as sand and mud. Metamorphic rocks form from extreme heat and pressure that transforms other types of rocks deep within the Earth.
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5.3 igneous rocks
Igneous rock forms when lava cools and hardens. There are two categories of igneous rock: intrusive and extrusive. Intrusive rock forms deep underground, allowing slow cooling that results in large crystal formation. Extrusive rock forms on the surface through rapid cooling, preventing large crystals. The size of crystals determines whether the texture is rough from large crystals or smooth from small crystals.
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The document discusses igneous rocks and their formation. It states that approximately 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma. There are two main types of igneous rocks - extrusive and intrusive. Extrusive rocks form from lava at the Earth's surface during volcanic eruptions, while intrusive rocks form from magma that cools and crystallizes below the surface. Intrusive rocks include plutonic rocks, which form at great depths and have a coarse-grained texture, and hypabyssal rocks, which form closer to the surface and have finer textures.
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Sedimentary rock would be the only type of rock that contains fossils because fossils form from the remains of once-living organisms that were buried in sediment layers and lithified over time to form sedimentary rock. Metamorphic rock would be good for building because the heat and pressure it undergoes transforms it into a very hard and durable material well-suited for construction.
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This document provides information about igneous rocks, including their classification into volcanic and plutonic rocks. It describes the composition of different types of magma and how they relate to rock type. Igneous rocks are identified based on their texture, mineral composition, and cooling history. Characteristics such as viscosity, temperature, and mineral content determine the texture of the rock. Common rock types include basalt, gabbro, granite, and ultramafic rocks like peridotite. Sheet-like igneous intrusions include dikes and sills.
Petrology
Petrology is the study of rocks and their composition, texture, and structure. There are three main types of rocks: igneous rocks, which form from cooling magma; metamorphic rocks, which form from existing rocks undergoing changes due to heat, pressure, and chemical reactions; and sedimentary rocks, which form from the compaction and cementation of sediments. Igneous rocks can be categorized as extrusive or intrusive, depending on where they solidify. Common igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and syenite. Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of existing rocks and the deposition and lithification of sediments. Texture, minerals, and formation processes help classify and identify different
Strucutres of igneous rocks
Igneous rocks can have several different structures depending on how the magma solidifies. These structures include vesicular, amygdoidal, block lava, ropy lava, and pillow structures. Vesicular structures form when gases escape from cooling lava, leaving cavities called vesicles. Amygdoidal structures occur when vesicles become filled with secondary minerals after formation. Block lava has a rough, angular texture from slow cooling of viscous lava. Ropy lava has a wrinkled but smooth surface from the rapid cooling of less viscous lava. Pillow structures are bulbous and overlapping shapes that form when lava solidifies under water.
Impacts of extrusive igneous activity
Here are the key points to cover in your 10 minute presentation:
- Clearly define the landform/concept you are presenting
- Provide a real world example to illustrate your point
- Explain how the landform is formed by tectonic processes
- Describe the characteristic features and appearance
- Discuss any environmental or geological impacts/hazards
- Use clear diagrams and images to support your explanations
- Leave time for questions
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Types of Rocks
This document provides an overview of the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It describes their formation processes and gives examples. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt form from the cooling of magma either underground or above ground. Sedimentary rocks like limestone and sandstone form through the compression of sediments over time. Metamorphic rocks including marble and quartzite form from existing rocks undergoing heat or pressure changes. The uses of different rock types such as limestone and granite in construction are also detailed.
Classification of igneous rocks
This document provides an overview of the classification of igneous rocks. It discusses several key criteria used for classification, including texture, mode of occurrence (intrusive vs extrusive), and chemical composition based on silica and alumina content. Texture types include phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic, glassy, and pyroclastic. Mode of occurrence divides rocks into plutonic (intrusive) and volcanic (extrusive) types. Chemical classification schemes analyze silica content to categorize rocks as felsic, intermediate, or mafic, and also consider silica and alumina saturation states. Diagrams are provided illustrating these classification approaches. Examples of different rock types are also briefly described,
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Gtag
The document discusses petrology and igneous rocks. It defines petrology as the branch of geology dealing with various aspects of rocks, including their formation, classification, properties and structures. It describes igneous rocks as those formed from molten material (magma or lava) that has cooled and crystallized. Igneous rocks are divided into three types based on where they form - volcanic, hypabyssal, and plutonic rocks. Texture in igneous rocks is determined by the size, shape and arrangement of mineral constituents, and can be described based on crystallization, granularity, and fabric.
II.A Minerals and Rocks
Core Subject: Earth and Life Science
II. Earth Materials and Processes
A. Minerals and Rocks
The learners
demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. the three main categories of rocks
2. the origin and environment of formation of common minerals and rocks
The learners:
1. identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties
2. classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
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The document provides information about rock formation and classification. It defines igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, either below the surface (intrusive) or above (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure and fluids. Rocks are classified based on texture, composition and formation processes. The rock cycle illustrates how rocks continuously change between the three main types through various natural processes.
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There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of sediments or organic matter. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of molten rock material either below or above the Earth's surface. Metamorphic rocks were once sedimentary or igneous rocks that were altered by heat, pressure, and chemical processes underground.
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Rocks are divided into three major groups: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies. Magma comes from deep below the Earth's surface and is composed mainly of oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and potassium. When magma reaches the surface it is called lava. Igneous rocks can be extrusive or intrusive, with extrusive rocks like lava flows cooling at the surface and intrusive rocks like dikes and sills cooling below the surface. Texture and structures like vesicles and phenocrysts provide clues to how quickly igneous rocks solidified.
Bowen’s Reaction Series
Bowen’s Reaction Series
ROCKS:
There are three kinds of rocks, that are defined on the basis of how they formed.
Igneous Rocks:
are formed from the solidification of molten rock or magma.
Sedimentary Rocks:
form through when materials at the earth's surface (sediments) are buried and hardened (lithified).
Metamorphic Rocks:
are formed when older rocks are changed by heat and pressure without being melted.
Lauren
Minerals are non-living substances that make up rocks. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form when melted rock cools and hardens either below or above the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments such as sand and mud. Metamorphic rocks form from extreme heat and pressure that transforms other types of rocks deep within the Earth.
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This document provides an introduction and overview of igneous rocks. It defines igneous rocks as those formed by the solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rocks are classified based on whether they solidified below ground as intrusive rocks or above ground as extrusive rocks. Some common igneous rocks are described, including granite, gabbro, basalt, dolerite, and diorite. Their typical compositions and properties are outlined.
5.3 igneous rocks
Igneous rock forms when lava cools and hardens. There are two categories of igneous rock: intrusive and extrusive. Intrusive rock forms deep underground, allowing slow cooling that results in large crystal formation. Extrusive rock forms on the surface through rapid cooling, preventing large crystals. The size of crystals determines whether the texture is rough from large crystals or smooth from small crystals.
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Rocks are composed of one or more solid minerals, which are natural substances that make up the Earth's crust. Minerals have identifiable properties like shape, luster, color, hardness, and density. Important minerals are extracted through quarrying, underground mining, or drilling and are used as building materials, decorative items, industrial resources, and energy sources.
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks
Igneous rocks form from the crystallization of magma. There are two main types - extrusive rocks that cool quickly at the surface, and intrusive rocks that cool slowly underground. Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments. Sediments are produced through weathering and erosion, transported, deposited, and cemented together over time under pressure. Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressures, causing their mineral composition and structure to change without melting. The rock cycle shows how rocks continuously transform between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types through geological processes.
Introduction to igneous petrology
The document discusses igneous rocks and their formation. It states that approximately 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma. There are two main types of igneous rocks - extrusive and intrusive. Extrusive rocks form from lava at the Earth's surface during volcanic eruptions, while intrusive rocks form from magma that cools and crystallizes below the surface. Intrusive rocks include plutonic rocks, which form at great depths and have a coarse-grained texture, and hypabyssal rocks, which form closer to the surface and have finer textures.
Classifications of igneous rocks
Igneous rock forms through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. It is classified based on several properties including genesis, texture, color, and chemical composition. Based on genesis, igneous rocks are classified as plutonic (cooled at depth), hypabyssal (cooled at shallow depth), or volcanic (cooled on the surface). Texture classifications include phaneritic, aphenitic, porphyritic, and poikilitic. Color classifications are based on the percentage of mafic minerals and include leucocratic, mesocratic, melanocratic, and hypermelanic. Chemical composition classifications include peraluminous, metaaluminous, subaluminous, and several
Lecture8 rocks
The document describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It provides details on their formation processes and characteristics. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and stress without melting. The document also provides classifications and examples of different rock types within each main category.
Rock cycle
Sedimentary rock would be the only type of rock that contains fossils because fossils form from the remains of once-living organisms that were buried in sediment layers and lithified over time to form sedimentary rock. Metamorphic rock would be good for building because the heat and pressure it undergoes transforms it into a very hard and durable material well-suited for construction.
Igneous Rocks
This document provides information about igneous rocks, including their classification into volcanic and plutonic rocks. It describes the composition of different types of magma and how they relate to rock type. Igneous rocks are identified based on their texture, mineral composition, and cooling history. Characteristics such as viscosity, temperature, and mineral content determine the texture of the rock. Common rock types include basalt, gabbro, granite, and ultramafic rocks like peridotite. Sheet-like igneous intrusions include dikes and sills.
Petrology
Petrology is the study of rocks and their composition, texture, and structure. There are three main types of rocks: igneous rocks, which form from cooling magma; metamorphic rocks, which form from existing rocks undergoing changes due to heat, pressure, and chemical reactions; and sedimentary rocks, which form from the compaction and cementation of sediments. Igneous rocks can be categorized as extrusive or intrusive, depending on where they solidify. Common igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and syenite. Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of existing rocks and the deposition and lithification of sediments. Texture, minerals, and formation processes help classify and identify different
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Strucutres of igneous rocks
Igneous rocks can have several different structures depending on how the magma solidifies. These structures include vesicular, amygdoidal, block lava, ropy lava, and pillow structures. Vesicular structures form when gases escape from cooling lava, leaving cavities called vesicles. Amygdoidal structures occur when vesicles become filled with secondary minerals after formation. Block lava has a rough, angular texture from slow cooling of viscous lava. Ropy lava has a wrinkled but smooth surface from the rapid cooling of less viscous lava. Pillow structures are bulbous and overlapping shapes that form when lava solidifies under water.
Impacts of extrusive igneous activity
Here are the key points to cover in your 10 minute presentation:
- Clearly define the landform/concept you are presenting
- Provide a real world example to illustrate your point
- Explain how the landform is formed by tectonic processes
- Describe the characteristic features and appearance
- Discuss any environmental or geological impacts/hazards
- Use clear diagrams and images to support your explanations
- Leave time for questions
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2) Soil formation involves weathering of bedrock into regolith, which further breaks down into soil particles. Organic material and sediments are also deposited.
3) Soil characteristics like texture, color and porosity depend on the parent material and particle sizes. Different climates produce different soil profiles with varying layers.
Igneous And Magma
The rock cycle document describes the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and how they are related through geological processes. It focuses on igneous rocks, which form from cooling magma, and can cool underground to form intrusive rocks or above ground to form extrusive rocks like lava. The composition and cooling rate of magma determines the type of igneous rock formed. Magma is hot melted rock from deep in the Earth, and its viscosity is affected by temperature and silica content.
Weathering, soil formation, & erosion processes
Water, temperature changes, and chemical reactions are key factors in weathering and erosion. Water is particularly powerful in mechanically and chemically breaking down rock. Moving water, glaciers, wind, and gravity transport eroded materials and deposit them elsewhere. Over time, this leads to soil formation and changes in landforms, as seen with caves and karst topography. Different soil types such as loess are suitable for certain agricultural uses. Plant roots and acids like acid rain also contribute to chemical weathering of rocks.
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I made this presentation for my school project after that I thought that I should upload it on any slide so I uploaded this to help others in making presentations and getting ideas.It is a class 7 project.
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2) Weathering occurs through physical/mechanical processes like abrasion, frost action and thermal expansion or chemical processes involving reactions with water, oxygen and living organisms.
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Soil is formed through the weathering of rock and organic processes. It is composed of weathered rock particles, water, air, and organic matter. The type of soil that forms depends on the underlying rock type, climate, landforms, plant life, and soil organisms. Soil develops in horizontal layers called horizons, with the A horizon at the top containing more organic matter and the C horizon at the bottom containing larger rock particles. Climate, landforms, and the activities of organisms like plants, microbes, earthworms, and animals influence the characteristics of different soils.
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Igneous rock ppt
Formation of Igneous Rocks, Types of Igneous rocks, Texture, Structure, Igneous body's, Origin of Igneous Rocks
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Igneous rock ge 106
This document provides an overview of igneous rocks and their formation. It discusses that igneous rocks form from the cooling of molten magma or lava. The cooling rate affects crystal size - slower cooling produces larger crystals and faster cooling produces smaller crystals. Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly underground and have coarse grains, while extrusive rocks cool quickly at the surface and have fine grains. Texture is determined by crystal size and arrangements. Examples of textures discussed are phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic, glassy and pyroclastic.
Igneous rocks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Igneous rocks bs 1st year
This document discusses different types of rocks and how they form. It describes the three major rock types as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure changing other rocks, and sedimentary rocks form from sediments. The document then discusses the rock cycle, how rocks are transformed between types through geological processes. It provides details on the formation of different igneous rock textures based on cooling rates and crystal sizes. Various igneous rock classifications including their mineralogy and chemistry are also summarized.
Rocks AND SOIL FORMATION
The document discusses the three main rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It describes the rock cycle which shows how the different rock types are interrelated through geological processes. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma, either below ground (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of existing rocks, erosion, deposition of sediments, and compaction/cementation. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks deep underground under high pressures and temperatures.
ROCKSEARTHSCIENCE
The document discusses the three main rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It describes the rock cycle which shows how the different rock types are interrelated through geological processes. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma, either below ground (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of existing rocks, erosion and deposition of sediments, and compaction and cementation over time. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks deep underground under high pressures and temperatures.
03.Rocks.ppt
This document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It describes the rock cycle which shows how the different rock types are interrelated through geological processes. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma, either underground to form intrusive igneous rocks or on the surface to form extrusive igneous rocks like lava. Sedimentary rocks are formed at the surface through the weathering of existing rocks, erosion, deposition of sediments, and cementation. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks deep underground through heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.
intorduction of rock igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rock
Rocks come in many varieties formed by different geological processes over billions of years. Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. Sedimentary rocks form through the accumulation and compression of mineral and organic particles over time. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to high heat and pressure, causing their minerals to recrystallize into new rock types.
Igneous Rocks Properties.pptx
Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of molten rock either below or above the Earth's surface. There are three main types - mafic rocks like basalt that are rich in magnesium and iron; felsic rocks like granite that contain more silica and lack magnesium/iron; and intermediate rocks with mixtures like andesite. Igneous rocks are also classified based on their texture and mineral crystal size as extrusive volcanic rocks formed above ground, hypabyssal rocks formed below ground, or intrusive plutonic rocks formed deep underground where larger crystals can form.
Rocks With Miss Gow
Volcanoes form from hot lava where earthquakes occur. Volcanoes are deep and hot, forming lava that explodes out. Rocks make up hills, mountains, plains and valleys. Rocks are mostly made of mineral crystals or pieces of other rocks or shells of living things. Igneous rocks cool slowly underground and form large mineral grains that can be seen.
Rocks With Miss Gow
Volcanoes form from hot lava where earthquakes occur. Volcanoes are deep and hot, forming lava that explodes out. Rocks make up hills, mountains, plains and valleys. Rocks are mostly made of mineral crystals or pieces of other rocks or shells of living things. Igneous rocks cool slowly underground and form large mineral grains that can be seen.
Rocks With Miss Gow
Volcanoes form from hot lava where earthquakes occur. Volcanoes are deep and hot, forming lava that explodes out. Rocks make up hills, mountains, plains and valleys. Rocks are mostly made of mineral crystals or pieces of other rocks or shells of living things. Igneous rocks cool slowly underground and form large mineral grains that can be seen.
Rocks
Rocks are divided into three main types based on their origin: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma either underground (intrusive/plutonic rocks like granite) or on the surface (extrusive/volcanic rocks like rhyolite and basalt). Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks via heat, pressure, and chemical reactions. Rocks continuously cycle between these three types through geological processes like erosion, deposition, and tectonic activity.
Rock Classifications
Igneous rocks form when magma cools and crystallizes either underground or at the surface. Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from pre-existing rocks undergoing changes due to heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids in the Earth's crust. The rock cycle illustrates how igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are interrelated as they form and change over time through geological processes within the Earth.
Kinds of Rocks
Igneous rocks form when magma cools and crystallizes either underground or at the surface. Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from pre-existing rocks undergoing changes due to heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids in the Earth's crust. The rock cycle illustrates how igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are interrelated as they form and change over time through geological processes within the Earth.
Rocks.ppt
Rocks form through three main processes - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form as magma cools and solidifies either underground or at the surface. Sedimentary rocks form from the lithification of sediments and often show layering. Metamorphic rocks are altered forms of pre-existing rocks due to heat, pressure, or both. These three rock types are related through the rock cycle as they form, weather, and transform into one another over time through geological processes.
Types of Rock
This document provides information about different types of rocks including their formation processes. It discusses igneous rocks such as granite and basalt which form from the cooling of magma. It also describes sedimentary rocks like limestone and coal which are formed by the accumulation and cementation of sediments. Additionally, it outlines metamorphic rocks such as marble and gneiss that form from the alteration of existing rocks through heat, pressure, and stress in the Earth. Key factors such as texture, mineral composition, and cooling rate influence the characteristics of igneous rocks, while layering and fossil content are important for sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks exhibit foliated or non-foliated structures depending on the degree of recry
igneousrockppt-160104101353 (1).pptx
1) Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of magma underground or on the Earth's surface. They are divided into extrusive and intrusive rocks.
2) Extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly above ground after volcanic eruptions, forming textures like vesicular or amygdaloidal structures. Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly below ground, resulting in larger crystal sizes like pegmatite structures.
3) Intrusive igneous bodies come in different shapes depending on their orientation to surrounding rock layers, including discordant dikes and sills, and concordant laccoliths and batholiths. Sills are parallel sheets that form between existing
Lecture 03 igeneous rock
The document discusses different types of igneous rocks and their characteristics. It describes how igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma and lava and are classified as intrusive or extrusive. Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly below the Earth's surface, forming textures like phaneritic, while extrusive rocks cool rapidly above ground, resulting in aphanitic or glassy textures. The document outlines various igneous rock textures and features like vesicles, phenocrysts and pyroclastic materials.
Rocks.pptx
This document summarizes the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma either below the surface (intrusive) or above (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat, pressure, and chemical fluids within the Earth. Examples of each rock type are provided along with brief descriptions of their characteristics and formation processes.
01_Igneous Rock-Classification.pptx
Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies either underground or on the Earth's surface. They occur in various forms such as lava flows, domes, and intrusive bodies. Igneous rocks are classified based on their mineralogy, texture, and chemical composition. Mineralogical classification divides rocks into felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic groups based on their mineral content. Textural classification considers features like crystal size. Chemical plots involving elements like silica and alkalis are also used in classification.
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intorduction of rock igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rock
intorduction of rock igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rock
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Earth Science 3 2
- 2. Intrusive Igneous Rock Igneous rocks that form below Earth’s surface.
- 3. Extrusive Igneous Rock Igneous rock that has formed on Earth’s surface.
- 4. Porphyritic Texture An igneous texture consisting of large crystals embedded in a matrix of much smaller crystals.
- 5. Granitic Composition A compositional group of igneous rocks that indicate a rock is composed almost entirely of light-colored silicates, mainly quartz and feldspar.
- 6. Basaltic Composition A compositional group of igneous rocks indicating that the rock contains substantial dark silicate minerals and calcium rich plagioclase feldspar.
- 7. Andesitic Composition The composition of igneous rocks lying between felsic and mafic.
- 8. Ultramafic Igneous rock composed mainly of iron and magnesium-rich minerals.
- 9. Key Concept How are intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks alike and different? Extrusive rocks are formed when lava hardens and Intrusive rocks are formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
- 10. Key Concept How does the rate of cooling affect an igneous rock’s texture? Slow cooling results in the formation of large crystals and rapid cooling of magma or lava results in rocks with small, interconnected mineral grains.
- 11. Key Concept How are igneous rocks classified according to composition? They are classified by both texture and composition.