The lithosphere. rocks and minerals. unit 1
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Rocks are composed of one or more solid minerals, which are natural substances that make up the Earth's crust. Minerals have identifiable properties like shape, luster, color, hardness, and density. Important minerals are extracted through quarrying, underground mining, or drilling and are used as building materials, decorative items, industrial resources, and energy sources.
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The earth’s lithosphere
The document describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt form from cooling magma. Sedimentary rocks like sandstone and shale form from compressed sediments. Metamorphic rocks like gneiss and marble form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure. Rocks give the lithosphere its solid, rigid properties and help maintain the shape of the Earth despite various forces.
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The document summarizes key concepts from chapters 4-6 about rocks and minerals. It defines minerals as naturally occurring inorganic solids with specific chemical compositions and crystalline structures. It describes the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks and how their characteristics are influenced by cooling rates, pressure, heat, and other factors. Identification properties of minerals like color, luster, hardness, and cleavage are also outlined.
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This document outlines the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It provides details on the formation and examples of types within each category. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from the consolidation of sediments and include sandstone, limestone, and mudstone. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of other rocks under heat, pressure, and chemical change in the crust. The document serves as a basic introduction and overview of rock types.
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The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling lava and can have large or small crystals depending on the cooling rate. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments and contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure, and can have banded or non-banded textures.
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Igneous rocks form from the crystallization of magma. There are two main types - extrusive rocks that cool quickly at the surface, and intrusive rocks that cool slowly underground. Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments. Sediments are produced through weathering and erosion, transported, deposited, and cemented together over time under pressure. Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressures, causing their mineral composition and structure to change without melting. The rock cycle shows how rocks continuously transform between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types through geological processes.
Ore Minerals (How it is found, mined, and processed for human use)
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Ore Minerals (How it is found, mined, and processed for human use)
Learning Competency:
Earth Science (for STEM): Describe how ore minerals are found, mined, and processed for human use. (S11ES-Ic-d-8)
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The document describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt form from cooling magma. Sedimentary rocks like sandstone and shale form from compressed sediments. Metamorphic rocks like gneiss and marble form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure. Rocks give the lithosphere its solid, rigid properties and help maintain the shape of the Earth despite various forces.
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The document summarizes key concepts from chapters 4-6 about rocks and minerals. It defines minerals as naturally occurring inorganic solids with specific chemical compositions and crystalline structures. It describes the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks and how their characteristics are influenced by cooling rates, pressure, heat, and other factors. Identification properties of minerals like color, luster, hardness, and cleavage are also outlined.
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This document outlines the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It provides details on the formation and examples of types within each category. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from the consolidation of sediments and include sandstone, limestone, and mudstone. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of other rocks under heat, pressure, and chemical change in the crust. The document serves as a basic introduction and overview of rock types.
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The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling lava and can have large or small crystals depending on the cooling rate. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments and contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure, and can have banded or non-banded textures.
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Igneous rocks form from the crystallization of magma. There are two main types - extrusive rocks that cool quickly at the surface, and intrusive rocks that cool slowly underground. Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments. Sediments are produced through weathering and erosion, transported, deposited, and cemented together over time under pressure. Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressures, causing their mineral composition and structure to change without melting. The rock cycle shows how rocks continuously transform between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types through geological processes.
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Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
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Rocks and minerals for grade 11; Earth and life sciences
please don't forget to like and leave your comments. this presentation is about rocks and minerals, grade 11, earth and life sciences; senior high school
Kinds of rocks
There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from molten rock that cools and hardens. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments like sand and shells. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat and pressure in the earth. Examples are marble from limestone and slate from shale.
Engg geology
IGNEOUS ROCKS AND THEIR PROPERTIES, USES AND DIFFERENT VARITIES OF VOLCANIC INTRUSIONS , MEGASCOPIC PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS IGNEOUS ROCKS
PROPERTIES AND USES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
CHARECTERSTICS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS WITH FIGURES
Classifying Rocks
Geologists classify rocks based on their mineral composition, color, and texture. When studying a rock sample, they observe which minerals it contains, its color, and properties like grain size and shape. There are three main types of rocks: igneous rocks formed from cooled lava or magma, either intrusively underground or extruded onto the surface; sedimentary rocks formed by compaction or cementation of sediments or chemical/organic processes; and metamorphic rocks formed from changes to existing rocks through heat and pressure.
Types, importance and uses of rocks in
This document discusses the types, importance, and uses of rocks in construction. It outlines three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and describes their formation processes. It then discusses specific rock types like granite, limestone, sandstone, and marble, outlining their common construction applications like buildings, monuments, and bridges. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding a rock's properties for determining appropriate construction uses and foundations. Proper geological analysis is important for engineering projects to be built safely and economically.
Rocks and minerals
The document discusses different types of rocks including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks such as granite and obsidian are formed from cooled lava. Sedimentary rocks form in layers from compressed sediments. Metamorphic rocks are formed from extreme heat or pressure acting on sedimentary or igneous rocks. Gemstones are rare rocks that are used in jewelry.
Characteristics Of Rocks
Students learn to classify and group rocks according to their observable properties such as color, shape, hardness, and texture. Rocks record details of the Earth's formation and can be associated with different environments based on their composition and origin as sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic rocks. Examples of rocks commonly found in buildings and cities include different types of sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks, even if they did not originally form in that location.
Types of rock
The three main types, or classes, of rock are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous and the differences among them have to do with how they are formed. Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material.
Rocks and Rocks Cycle
Rocks are composed of minerals and can be igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma either deep underground as intrusive rocks with large crystals, or on the surface as extrusive rocks with fine grains. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed layers of eroded material and often contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks are altered forms of pre-existing rocks that have been subjected to heat, pressure, and chemical changes, resulting in foliated or non-foliated textures.
Geology - Rock Types
Rocks are naturally occurring solid mixtures of minerals or organic matter. They are classified based on how they form, their composition, and texture. Rocks change over time through the rock cycle. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and deformation.
Rocks & minerals
The document provides information on rocks and minerals. It begins by defining a mineral as a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure. Minerals can be identified based on their physical properties like color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape. Rocks are composed of two or more minerals and are classified based on their formation process as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form through compaction and cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical activity.
3 TYPES OF ROCKS
The document outlines specific learning outcomes for a lesson on rock types. At the end of the lesson, students will be able to: identify and describe the three basic rock types; describe how each rock type forms and define their environments of formation; describe how rocks are transformed through the rock cycle; and identify and describe different geologic processes in the rock cycle.
igneous rocks formation and their classification
This document provides an introduction and overview of igneous rocks. It defines igneous rocks as those formed by the solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rocks are classified based on whether they solidified below ground as intrusive rocks or above ground as extrusive rocks. Some common igneous rocks are described, including granite, gabbro, basalt, dolerite, and diorite. Their typical compositions and properties are outlined.
Rocks & minerals
Minerals are naturally occurring solid substances with repeating crystalline patterns. They form deep within the Earth through heat and pressure or near the surface when elements like oxygen, calcium, and carbon combine. Minerals have properties like streak, luster, and hardness that can be tested. Many common items are made from minerals, such as quartz in glass, diamonds in jewelry, and hematite in art. Rocks are composed of two or more minerals and do not have a crystalline structure. There are three main types of rocks: igneous rocks form from cooled lava or magma, sedimentary rocks form from compressed layers of sediment, and metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks under heat and pressure.
Presentation1
This document discusses the properties of rocks and includes the following information:
- It describes different types of rocks based on their color, texture, structure, mineral composition and origin. There are three types based on color - leucocratic, mesocratic, and melanocratic.
- Texture is described in terms of crystallization, grain size, crystal shape, and the mutual relations between grains. Different textures include panidiomorphic, hypidiomorphic, and felsitic.
- Rock structures include flow structure, xenolith structure, stratification, and lamination.
- The document also discusses igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in terms of their formation and characteristics. Metamorphic
Classification of igneous rocks
This document provides an overview of the classification of igneous rocks. It discusses several key criteria used for classification, including texture, mode of occurrence (intrusive vs extrusive), and chemical composition based on silica and alumina content. Texture types include phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic, glassy, and pyroclastic. Mode of occurrence divides rocks into plutonic (intrusive) and volcanic (extrusive) types. Chemical classification schemes analyze silica content to categorize rocks as felsic, intermediate, or mafic, and also consider silica and alumina saturation states. Diagrams are provided illustrating these classification approaches. Examples of different rock types are also briefly described,
Classifications of igneous rocks
Igneous rock forms through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. It is classified based on several properties including genesis, texture, color, and chemical composition. Based on genesis, igneous rocks are classified as plutonic (cooled at depth), hypabyssal (cooled at shallow depth), or volcanic (cooled on the surface). Texture classifications include phaneritic, aphenitic, porphyritic, and poikilitic. Color classifications are based on the percentage of mafic minerals and include leucocratic, mesocratic, melanocratic, and hypermelanic. Chemical composition classifications include peraluminous, metaaluminous, subaluminous, and several
263027686274175
Minerals are naturally occurring non-organic substances with distinctive chemical compositions and physical properties including crystallization. Rocks form in three main classes - igneous from lava or magma, metamorphic from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure, and sedimentary from compressed sediments. Fossils found in sedimentary rocks provide clues about past life and environments by preserving remains or traces of ancient plants and animals.
minerals and rocks
Minerals are found in rocks and there are over 3000 known types of minerals. Minerals have different properties like color, hardness, streak, and luster that can be used to identify them. There are three main types of rocks: igneous rocks which form from cooling magma or lava, sedimentary rocks which form from compressed and cemented sediment, and metamorphic rocks which form from other rocks being subjected to heat and pressure below the earth's surface. Common rocks like granite, shale, and marble are used for construction materials, building monuments, and other purposes due to their unique properties.
Rock Types
The document describes three main types of rocks:
1) Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies, either deep underground or at the surface. Examples are granite, basalt, and obsidian.
2) Sedimentary rocks form from compression of sediments and contain layers and fossils. Examples are limestone, sandstone, and shale.
3) Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and reaction with fluids. Examples are marble, slate, and gneiss.
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Rocks and minerals for grade 11; Earth and life sciences
please don't forget to like and leave your comments. this presentation is about rocks and minerals, grade 11, earth and life sciences; senior high school
Kinds of rocks
There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from molten rock that cools and hardens. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments like sand and shells. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat and pressure in the earth. Examples are marble from limestone and slate from shale.
Engg geology
IGNEOUS ROCKS AND THEIR PROPERTIES, USES AND DIFFERENT VARITIES OF VOLCANIC INTRUSIONS , MEGASCOPIC PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS IGNEOUS ROCKS
PROPERTIES AND USES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
CHARECTERSTICS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS WITH FIGURES
Classifying Rocks
Geologists classify rocks based on their mineral composition, color, and texture. When studying a rock sample, they observe which minerals it contains, its color, and properties like grain size and shape. There are three main types of rocks: igneous rocks formed from cooled lava or magma, either intrusively underground or extruded onto the surface; sedimentary rocks formed by compaction or cementation of sediments or chemical/organic processes; and metamorphic rocks formed from changes to existing rocks through heat and pressure.
Types, importance and uses of rocks in
This document discusses the types, importance, and uses of rocks in construction. It outlines three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and describes their formation processes. It then discusses specific rock types like granite, limestone, sandstone, and marble, outlining their common construction applications like buildings, monuments, and bridges. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding a rock's properties for determining appropriate construction uses and foundations. Proper geological analysis is important for engineering projects to be built safely and economically.
Rocks and minerals
The document discusses different types of rocks including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks such as granite and obsidian are formed from cooled lava. Sedimentary rocks form in layers from compressed sediments. Metamorphic rocks are formed from extreme heat or pressure acting on sedimentary or igneous rocks. Gemstones are rare rocks that are used in jewelry.
Characteristics Of Rocks
Students learn to classify and group rocks according to their observable properties such as color, shape, hardness, and texture. Rocks record details of the Earth's formation and can be associated with different environments based on their composition and origin as sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic rocks. Examples of rocks commonly found in buildings and cities include different types of sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks, even if they did not originally form in that location.
Types of rock
The three main types, or classes, of rock are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous and the differences among them have to do with how they are formed. Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material.
Rocks and Rocks Cycle
Rocks are composed of minerals and can be igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma either deep underground as intrusive rocks with large crystals, or on the surface as extrusive rocks with fine grains. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed layers of eroded material and often contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks are altered forms of pre-existing rocks that have been subjected to heat, pressure, and chemical changes, resulting in foliated or non-foliated textures.
Geology - Rock Types
Rocks are naturally occurring solid mixtures of minerals or organic matter. They are classified based on how they form, their composition, and texture. Rocks change over time through the rock cycle. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and deformation.
Rocks & minerals
The document provides information on rocks and minerals. It begins by defining a mineral as a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure. Minerals can be identified based on their physical properties like color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape. Rocks are composed of two or more minerals and are classified based on their formation process as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form through compaction and cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical activity.
3 TYPES OF ROCKS
The document outlines specific learning outcomes for a lesson on rock types. At the end of the lesson, students will be able to: identify and describe the three basic rock types; describe how each rock type forms and define their environments of formation; describe how rocks are transformed through the rock cycle; and identify and describe different geologic processes in the rock cycle.
igneous rocks formation and their classification
This document provides an introduction and overview of igneous rocks. It defines igneous rocks as those formed by the solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rocks are classified based on whether they solidified below ground as intrusive rocks or above ground as extrusive rocks. Some common igneous rocks are described, including granite, gabbro, basalt, dolerite, and diorite. Their typical compositions and properties are outlined.
Rocks & minerals
Minerals are naturally occurring solid substances with repeating crystalline patterns. They form deep within the Earth through heat and pressure or near the surface when elements like oxygen, calcium, and carbon combine. Minerals have properties like streak, luster, and hardness that can be tested. Many common items are made from minerals, such as quartz in glass, diamonds in jewelry, and hematite in art. Rocks are composed of two or more minerals and do not have a crystalline structure. There are three main types of rocks: igneous rocks form from cooled lava or magma, sedimentary rocks form from compressed layers of sediment, and metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks under heat and pressure.
Presentation1
This document discusses the properties of rocks and includes the following information:
- It describes different types of rocks based on their color, texture, structure, mineral composition and origin. There are three types based on color - leucocratic, mesocratic, and melanocratic.
- Texture is described in terms of crystallization, grain size, crystal shape, and the mutual relations between grains. Different textures include panidiomorphic, hypidiomorphic, and felsitic.
- Rock structures include flow structure, xenolith structure, stratification, and lamination.
- The document also discusses igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in terms of their formation and characteristics. Metamorphic
Classification of igneous rocks
This document provides an overview of the classification of igneous rocks. It discusses several key criteria used for classification, including texture, mode of occurrence (intrusive vs extrusive), and chemical composition based on silica and alumina content. Texture types include phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic, glassy, and pyroclastic. Mode of occurrence divides rocks into plutonic (intrusive) and volcanic (extrusive) types. Chemical classification schemes analyze silica content to categorize rocks as felsic, intermediate, or mafic, and also consider silica and alumina saturation states. Diagrams are provided illustrating these classification approaches. Examples of different rock types are also briefly described,
Classifications of igneous rocks
Igneous rock forms through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. It is classified based on several properties including genesis, texture, color, and chemical composition. Based on genesis, igneous rocks are classified as plutonic (cooled at depth), hypabyssal (cooled at shallow depth), or volcanic (cooled on the surface). Texture classifications include phaneritic, aphenitic, porphyritic, and poikilitic. Color classifications are based on the percentage of mafic minerals and include leucocratic, mesocratic, melanocratic, and hypermelanic. Chemical composition classifications include peraluminous, metaaluminous, subaluminous, and several
263027686274175
Minerals are naturally occurring non-organic substances with distinctive chemical compositions and physical properties including crystallization. Rocks form in three main classes - igneous from lava or magma, metamorphic from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure, and sedimentary from compressed sediments. Fossils found in sedimentary rocks provide clues about past life and environments by preserving remains or traces of ancient plants and animals.
minerals and rocks
Minerals are found in rocks and there are over 3000 known types of minerals. Minerals have different properties like color, hardness, streak, and luster that can be used to identify them. There are three main types of rocks: igneous rocks which form from cooling magma or lava, sedimentary rocks which form from compressed and cemented sediment, and metamorphic rocks which form from other rocks being subjected to heat and pressure below the earth's surface. Common rocks like granite, shale, and marble are used for construction materials, building monuments, and other purposes due to their unique properties.
Rock Types
The document describes three main types of rocks:
1) Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies, either deep underground or at the surface. Examples are granite, basalt, and obsidian.
2) Sedimentary rocks form from compression of sediments and contain layers and fossils. Examples are limestone, sandstone, and shale.
3) Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and reaction with fluids. Examples are marble, slate, and gneiss.
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Rocks and minerals for grade 11; Earth and life sciences
Rocks and minerals for grade 11; Earth and life sciences
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This document discusses key concepts relating to the atmosphere and climate including the greenhouse effect, weather, climate, climatic elements such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind and precipitation. It also outlines the instruments used to measure these elements like thermometers, hygrometers, rain gauges, barometers, anemometers and wind vanes. Finally, it touches on climatic factors that influence climate such as distance from the ocean, relief, altitude and latitude as well as seasons, climatic change, weather maps and forecasts.
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Unit 2 towns and cities
A city is larger than a town or village and has more people, jobs, buildings and amenities. Cities have police officers, firefighters, gardeners, street sweepers and rubbish collectors who provide important services to residents. Smaller towns and villages have fewer people and jobs than cities.
Unit 1 social science family and school
The document lists family relationships and roles. It identifies different family members such as grandmother, grandfather, father, mother, aunt, uncle, cousin, brother, and sister. It then asks if the reader helps at home and provides examples of chores like making beds, laying the table, helping in the kitchen, and tidying rooms. Finally, it lists jobs and locations within a school including teacher, cleaner, caretaker, cook, secretary, head teacher, playground, classroom, dining room, computer room, library, and gym.
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Social science 3 ep unit 5 where and how people work
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9
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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- 1. THE LITHOSPHERE: ROCKS AND MINERALS
- 2. GEOSPHERE
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