Bowen’s Reaction Series ROCKS: There are three kinds of rocks, that are defined on the basis of how they formed. Igneous Rocks:  are formed from the solidification of molten rock or magma. Sedimentary Rocks:  form through when materials at the earth's surface (sediments) are buried and hardened (lithified). Metamorphic Rocks:  are formed when older rocks are changed by heat and pressure without being melted.

3. ROCKS:
There are three kinds of rocks, that are defined on the basis
of how they formed.
Igneous Rocks:
are formed from the solidification of molten rock or magma.
Sedimentary Rocks:
form through when materials at the earth's surface
(sediments) are buried and hardened (lithified).
Metamorphic Rocks:
are formed when older rocks are changed by heat and
pressure without being melted.

4. Magma:
1.Parent material of igneous rocks
2.Forms from partial melting of rocks inside the Earth
3.Magme that reaches the surface is called lava
Components of Magma
Melt: -- liquid portion that is composed of mobile ions
Solids: -- silicate minerals that have already cyrstallized from
the melt
Volatiles: -- gases which are dissolved in the melt. This
includes water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur
dioxide (SO2)

5. Crystallization:
Cooling of magma results in the systematic
arrangement of ions into orderly patterns The silicate
minerals resulting from crystallization form in a
predictable order texture in igneous rocks is
determined by the size and arrangment of mineral
grains
Igneous rocks are typically classified by
1. texture
2. mineral composition

6. Bowen's reaction series shows the entire sequence of igneous
minerals and explains the associations different minerals in
different igneous rocks. As a magma cools different minerals
crystallize out at different temperatures. Olivine and Calcium-
Plagioclase crystals form first. These minerals are rich in
Magnesium, Iron and Calcium if these crystals are removed
by crystal settling, the remaining melt is enriched in Sodium,
Potassium, Silicon and Aluminum. The left branch of the chart
is the discontinuous branch. As the melt cools olivine reacts
with the melt to form pyroxene. Then pyroxene with mphibole.
You only find two adjacent minerals from this branch in a rock.
The Plagioclases are constantly reacting and changing
composition.

7. Texture:
describes the overall appearance of a rock based on the size,
shape, and arrangement of interlocking minerals.
Mineralogy:
Igneous rocks are composed of primarily silicate minerals.
Dark Silicates Light Silicates
Olivine Quartz
Pyroxene Muscovite
Amphibole Feldspars
Biotite

9. OlivineOlivineOlivineOlivine
PyroxenePyroxenePyroxenePyroxene
AmphiboleAmphiboleAmphiboleAmphibole
Biotite MicaBiotite MicaBiotite MicaBiotite Mica

13. Changing Composition :
There are three major
igneous substances magma, pyroclastic
materials and gasses. Magmas usually are
900 to 1300 °C, felsic magmas are cooler,
mafic magmas are hotter. Felsic magmas are
more viscous and more gaseous, mafic
magmas are more fluid and less gaseous.