- The document provides a series of questions and multiple choice answers related to cell division, the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and genetics.
- It tests understanding of key concepts like DNA replication, chromosome structure, stages of the cell cycle, the number of chromosomes in human body and gamete cells, and more.
- Reviewing the questions and choosing answers provides an opportunity for self-testing on these important topics in cell biology.
Guided notes covering material from Topic 1.6 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
Genetics and the study of human genome is fascinating and has the potential to alter our understanding going back or forward.
Genetics will play a significant role -- atleast as impactful as internet and its effect will be lasting as the wheel. Revolutionary changes are afoot and the world as we know it is over. Much of it is driven by technology. This is a very high level intro to basics of genetics. Lots of reading, consulting genetic experts.
Guided notes covering material from Topic 1.6 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
Genetics and the study of human genome is fascinating and has the potential to alter our understanding going back or forward.
Genetics will play a significant role -- atleast as impactful as internet and its effect will be lasting as the wheel. Revolutionary changes are afoot and the world as we know it is over. Much of it is driven by technology. This is a very high level intro to basics of genetics. Lots of reading, consulting genetic experts.
BIO101 Midterm - Sacramento Valley Campus- June 2014TEST MName.docxhartrobert670
BIO101 Midterm - Sacramento Valley Campus- June 2014
TEST M
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Homologous chromosomes ______.
A) include only the autosomes
B) separate during interphase
C) include only the sex chromosomes
D) are a set of chromosomes that the cell received from one parent
E) carry the same genes
1)
2) Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example,
the sperm are changing ______.
A) kinetic energy into chemical energy
B) chemical energy into potential energy
C) kinetic energy into potential energy
D) chemical energy into kinetic energy
E) none of the above
2)
3) Examine the genetic code table, shown below. The codon AGC codes for the amino acid ______. 3)
1
A) serine
B) alanine
C) glycine
D) threonine
E) arginine
4) Hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets) is inherited as an sex-linked dominant trait.
The relevant gene is found on the X chromosome. What is the expected outcome of a cross
between a homozygous recessive woman and a man with hypophosphatemia?
A) Seventy-five percent of their offspring exhibit hypophosphatemia.
B) Twenty-five percent of their offspring exhibit hypophosphatemia.
C) Fifty percent of their daughters and fifty percent of their sons exhibit hypophosphatemia.
D) All of their daughters and none of their sons exhibit hypophosphatemia.
E) All of their sons and none of their daughters exhibit hypophosphatemia.
4)
Please read the following paragraph and answer the following question(s).
Amanda's parents realized that her body was not developing properly about the time she was 12 years old. She was
shorter than most of her friends and was not going through changes normally associated with female puberty. They took
her to a doctor who initially diagnosed Amanda with Turner Syndrome because of her physical features. He ordered a
karyotype that confirmed his diagnosis. Amanda was born with only one X chromosome. Although there is no specific
cure, the doctor was able to treat her and correct some of the problems associated with the condition. For example, she
received growth hormone to improve her growth and estrogen to help her develop the physical changes of puberty.
5) Amanda's abnormal number of sex chromosomes resulted from ______.
A) random fertilization
B) independent assortment of chromosomes
C) cytokinesis
D) nondisjunction
E) crossing over
5)
6) Speciation requires ______.
A) long periods of time
B) geographic isolation
C) periods of rapid evolutionary change
D) a mass extinction so that new environmental opportunities will be available to the
survivors
E) genetic isolation
6)
7) The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life is most likely to be seen in ______.
A) Native Americans
B) East Asian populations
C) populations that live in cold climates
D) cultures that keep dairy herds
E) populations that live in wet climates
7)
2
8) Which of the foll ...
Chapter2...22. (Problem 3) Which of the following are.pdfarenamobiles123
Chapter2...>2>
2. (Problem 3) Which of the following are fundamental events that must take place in cell
reproduction?
A. A cell\'s genetic information must be copied.
B. The copies of the genetic information must be separated from one another.
C. The cell must divide.
D. All of the above are fundamental events that must take place in cell reproduction.
3. (Problem 4 part 1): What are three essential structural elements of a functional
eukaryotic chromosome?
A. Histone proteins, spindle fibers, and a pair of telomeres
B. Origins of replication, chromatids, and kinetochores
C. A centromere, a pair of telomeres, and origins of replication
D. A centromere, chromatids, and kinetochores
E. Spindle fibers, kinetochores, and chromatids
4. (Problem 4 part 2 ) The chromosomal structures that serve as the attachment point for
spindle fibers are the _____________________.
A. telomeres
B. origins of replication
C. centromeres
D. kinetochore proteins
E. histone proteins
5. (Problem 4 part 3) The natural ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that serve to stabilize
the ends of the chromosomes are the ______________________.
A. telomeres
B. origins of replication
C. centromeres
D. kinetochore proteins
E. histone proteins
6. (Problem 6, part 1) _______________ is the part of interphase within the cell cycle
where the cell growth and protein synthesis necessary for cell division and DNA replication take
place.
A. G1
B. S
C. G2
D. M
E. Telophase
15. (Problem 10) Why are the two cells produced by the cell cycle genetically identical?
A. An exact copy of each DNA molecule was created in S phase giving rise to the two
identical sister chromatids.
B. Chromosomal replication in prophase ensures two identical copies of each
chromosome for the two cells.
C. Mitosis ensures that each cell receives one copy of the two identical sister
chromatids created during S phase.
D. Both A and B are reasons that the two cells produced by the cell cycle are identical.
E. Both A and C are reasons that the two cells produced by the cell cycle are identical.
16. (Problem 11, part 1) For the stages of meiosis I below, which is incorrectly matched to a
major event that takes place during that stage?
A. Prophase I—synapsis
B. Metaphase I—homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane of
the metaphase plate
C. Anaphase I—separation of sister chromatids
D. Telophase I—separated chromosomes reach spindle poles at opposite ends of the
cell
E. Prophase I—genetic recombination through crossing over
17. (Problem 11, part 2) For the stages of meiosis II below, which is incorrectly matched to
the major event that takes place during that stage?
A. Prophase II—spindle fibers form
B. Metaphase II—homologous pairs of chromosomes line up along the equatorial
plane of the metaphase II plate
C. Anaphase II—sister chromatids separate
D. Telophase II—spindle fibers breakdown
E. Prophase II—nuclear envelope breaks down
18. (Problem 12) What are the major results of meiosis?
A. Production of hapl.
Chapter 2 problems.1. (Problem 1) Of the following, whi.pdfnitinarora01
Chapter 2 problems.
1. (Problem 1) Of the following, which is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
A. Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear envelope surrounding the genetic material, whereas
prokaryotes have no nucleus.
B. Prokaryotic cells have multiple paired chromosomes, but eukaryotic cells have only
one.
C. Prokaryotic cells have linear DNA, whereas eukaryotes have circular DNA.
D. Eukaryotes have histone proteins, whereas prokaryotes do not.
E. Plasmids contain some genes for eukaryotes, whereas organelles contain some
genes for prokaryotes.
2. (Problem 3) Which of the following are fundamental events that must take place in cell
reproduction?
A. A cell\'s genetic information must be copied.
B. The copies of the genetic information must be separated from one another.
C. The cell must divide.
D. All of the above are fundamental events that must take place in cell reproduction.
3. (Problem 4 part 1): What are three essential structural elements of a functional
eukaryotic chromosome?
A. Histone proteins, spindle fibers, and a pair of telomeres
B. Origins of replication, chromatids, and kinetochores
C. A centromere, a pair of telomeres, and origins of replication
D. A centromere, chromatids, and kinetochores
E. Spindle fibers, kinetochores, and chromatids
4. (Problem 4 part 2 ) The chromosomal structures that serve as the attachment point for
spindle fibers are the _____________________.
A. telomeres
B. origins of replication
C. centromeres
D. kinetochore proteins
E. histone proteins
5. (Problem 4 part 3) The natural ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that serve to stabilize
the ends of the chromosomes are the ______________________.
A. telomeres
B. origins of replication
C. centromeres
D. kinetochore proteins
E. histone proteins
6. (Problem 6, part 1) _______________ is the part of interphase within the cell cycle
where the cell growth and protein synthesis necessary for cell division and DNA replication take
place.
A. G1
B. S
C. G2
D. M
E. Telophase
15. (Problem 10) Why are the two cells produced by the cell cycle genetically identical?
A. An exact copy of each DNA molecule was created in S phase giving rise to the two
identical sister chromatids.
B. Chromosomal replication in prophase ensures two identical copies of each
chromosome for the two cells.
C. Mitosis ensures that each cell receives one copy of the two identical sister
chromatids created during S phase.
D. Both A and B are reasons that the two cells produced by the cell cycle are identical.
E. Both A and C are reasons that the two cells produced by the cell cycle are identical.
16. (Problem 11, part 1) For the stages of meiosis I below, which is incorrectly matched to a
major event that takes place during that stage?
A. Prophase I—synapsis
B. Metaphase I—homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane of
the metaphase plate
C. Anaphase I—separation of sister chromatids
D. Telophase I—separated chromosomes reach spindle poles at opposite ends of the
cell
.
22- 14 - ine tha diaoram below Testif- 23- The diagram on the previous.pdfKeithemtPeaked
22. 14 . ine tha diaoram below Testif: 23. The diagram on the previous page shens a macrophage
"eating" or destroying a pathogen. Which of the following statements best describes how this
function will be carried out? A. The pathogen will be placed in a vesicle, a ribosome will bind
with that vesiele filing it with tydrolytic eneymes B. The pathogen will be placed in a veside, a
mitochondrla wal bind with that vesicle filling it with hydrophilic enrymes C. The pathogen will
be placed in a Golg body.alyosome will bind with that vesiclo filling it: with tydrolvtic enrymes
D. The pathopen will be placed in a vesicle, a ysosome will bind with that vesicle filing it with
trdtolytic entymes 24. If you look at the diagram on the previous pase, the plasma call (Make
make antibadies) and the memory cells (Dormant untill secondary infection) seem nearly
ldentical. The one noticeable difference is that the plasma ceil has sippificertly more reugh
endeplasmic reticulum. This is because ild A. Memory cells will make antibodies which are
lipids B, Memory cells will make antibodies which are liplds C. Flauma cells will make
antibodies which are lpids D. Plasma cells will make antibodies which are protrins musde. If
acetyichoiline was replaced with a dfferent neurotransmitts l be secotonin, what would the ikeby
result be and why? A. The mesage witl not pass across the sycupse because the serotonit will not
tr oxor the thilorine channels of the pert anaptic neuron B. The message will not pass across the
gropse because the seretorin wil not ur cart the ligand eated chennely C. The message wit pass
across the spapse because the serotonin will triggor the chlorine channels of the pogs mopatec
neursta 0. The masiag will pait acrous the mragse becavie the sertotorin will triager the igand
gated channels 26. A change in the structure of a Bene matters in terms of evolution because... A.
Genes code for lipls and lipids generally determine phenotype B. Genes code for carbohydrates
and carbohydrates generaly determine phenotype C. Genes code for proteins and proteins
generally determine abenotype D. Genes code for peoteins and proteins generally determine
genotype 27. In order for a mutation to be acted upon by natural selection, it must... A. Increase
or Decrease the sarvival of an organism B. Increase of decrease the reproductive success of an
organism C. Both A and be will cause a mutation to be acted upon by natural selection D. There
is no criteria, natural selection works on all mutations. 28. Many organisms have evoived
eatreme structures that seem detrinental to survival. For example, the male peacock is beiche
blue, and it grows a cumbersome tal. Both of these iosure hisher predation rates. Which of the
following natural processes nould explain the functional benefits af these structures outneich the
obvious dowatalls: A. Predyeotic isolotion (eer and sperm never mees) 3. Sevcal selection
(Females prefer muler with a certain chardecteristic more than bethers).
Asian Art Museum Visit and AssignmentOn the first Sunday of .docxdavezstarr61655
Asian Art Museum Visit and Assignment
On the first Sunday of every month, admission to the museum’s permanent collection is free. On other days, your student ID will get you discounted admission. ($10) I’d recommend spending at least two hours there whenever you go, but if you get “museum fatigue,” take a break, have some tea, come back later.
The Museum has a wonderful permanent collection of Chinese art. You are only required to go once this semester, but I hope you’ll want to go more than once. Make sure to see the small gilded Buddha, one of their most famous pieces, and the bronze rhinoceros. Their jade collection is also famous. And look at whatever paintings they have out at the moment to see the possible formats: hanging scroll, hand scroll, album paintings. Of course, if you have time, the rest of the museum—the Indian, Southeast Asian, Tibetan, Japanese, Korean, and Mongolian art-- is also wonderful.
Your assignment is to find TWO works of art in the China collection that you like. Describe them briefly and specifically, including both their similarities and their differences. For example, they may be in different media (bronze, painting, jade, etc) or from different periods, or about different subjects. Please include photographs, but don’t rely on the pictures in what you write. Instead, create a word picture of each work. Then explain (1) why you chose these particular pieces and (2) what you learned about Chinese civilization from them. One page total, about 300 words. Please scan and upload this and YOUR MUSEUM TICKET to the iLearn link. DUE ANY TIME DURING THE SEMESTER. GRADING IS CR/NC. THIS COUNTS FOR 5% OF YOUR GRADE.
If this assignment is a hardship for you because of money, work or family responsibilities, please consult me and I’ll figure out an alternative for you.
Name ________________________ Sec._________
Chapter 5: Chromosomes and Inheritance
Module 5.6 Gametes have half as many chromosomes as body cells.
Answer the following questions as you read the module:
1.
is the process that results from the union of gametes from two different parents.
2.
A skin cell is to a somate as a(n) ________ is to a gamete.
A)
embryo
B)
zygote
C)
brain cell
D)
egg
3.
Determine whether each of the following cells is haploid or diploid.
A)
An egg
B)
A cell from your liver
C)
A zygote
D)
A sperm
E)
A cell from your heart
4. A normal human egg or sperm has 23 chromosomes, which is exactly one half what a somate has. Briefly explain what would happen every generation if gametes were actually diploid.
5._________________contain the same genes at the same locations.
A)
Sex chromosomes
B)
Autosomes
C)
Gametes
D)
Homologous chromosomes
6. Are the two chromosomes shown here homologous? Briefly explain why or why not.
7.
Can a karyotype be used to determine the gender of an individ.
1. One condition that seems to lead to senescence and not apoptosi.docxjackiewalcutt
1. One condition that seems to lead to senescence and not apoptosis in stem cells is
a. shortening of telomeres below a critical limit
b. base damage to DNA
c. unequal division of chromosomes at anaphase
d. none of the above
2. Knowing that even in the oldest people's stem cells seem to have many cell divisions left to them when cultured in vitro (in a dish), the you might contend that a possible reason for that was
a. Absence of inhibitory factors found in the old bodies in the new culture medium
b. factors in the cellular environment of old people's bodies
c.
The presence of high levels of growth factors in the culture serum
d. All of the above
3. In 1962, Leonard Hayflick conducted an experiment that supported Weismann's Theory of programmed death. He proposed The Hayflick Limit which can be reached faster by:
a. Increasing the rate of cell division
b. Underfeeding cells
c. Decreasing the rate of mutations
d. Synthetically elongating telomeres.
4. The antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging assumes that each gene has only one effect on the phenotype of an organism at different stages of its life. True or False
5. In Conboy's study on heterochronic parabiotic pairs, which phrase described what future studies should focus on according to the results of this study?
a. adult stem cells
b. changes in aging cells
c. muscle cell regeneration
d. changes in aging plasma
6.- 7. Briefly explain what happened to old stem and progenitor cells in a young systemic environment.
8. Which substance is the most common in cells?
a. carbohydrates
b. salts and minerals
c. proteins
d. fats
e. water
9.
- 11. Describe how an enzyme may change the transcription patterns of a cell by adding chemical groups to histone proteins. What is this called?
12. Acetyl L-Carnitine/Alpha lipoic acid are ____________ that are produced naturally by the body in _______
a. Amino acids, large amounts
b. Antioxidants, small amounts
c. Toxins, abundance
d. ROS, trace amounts
13. Most genes that determine lifespan in C. elegans are directly in DNA repair. True or False
14.- 16. What is the preferable study group in mammalian testing of aging interventions Mice or monkeys? Why?
17 - 19. If you were to run a retirement community what would you do to improve the health/lives of the people who depend on you?
20. The ____________ ____________ theory , states that there exists a biological clock and a time dependent plan or program that directs a limitation to a lifespan?
a. DNA damage
b. Evolveabity Theory
c. Mutation-accumulation
d. free radical
21. - 24. Unlike inorganic objects like rocks or even computers (at present) , living organisms can repair damage or rebuild or even recycle damages at the sub-cellular level. Give three
instances cellular systems involved in repairing cellular damages.
25. . An often given example ...
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. •Take some time to consider the question before
moving to the next slide which offers the correct
answer.
•Write your answer down before you see the actual
answer, this will allow you to test yourself more
effectively.
CHECK YOUR LEARNING
Cell Cycle, Cell Division
2. What does a eukaryotic genome look like?
A) One circular molecule (chromosome) of DNA and sometimes some
additional small pieces called plasmids.
B) Pairs of linear chromosomes organized in a nucleus.
C) Pairs of linear chromosomes organized at a nucleoid.
D) All of an organism’s genetic information.
3. What does a eukaryotic genome look like?
A) One circular molecule (chromosome) of DNA and sometimes some
additional small pieces called plasmids.
B) Pairs of linear chromosomes organized in a nucleus.
C) Pairs of linear chromosomes organized at a nucleoid.
D) All of an organism’s genetic information.
4. Which terms (in the order given) below are the best choice for filling in the blanks
in the following sentence?
Human body (somatic) cells have _____ chromosomes organized in ____ pairs.
These somatic cells are ____________. Human gametes (egg and sperm) have
________ chromosomes and are referred to as being __________.
A) 46, linear, haploid, 23, diploid
B) 23, linear, haploid, 46, diploid.
C) 46, linear, diploid, 23, haploid
D) 46, circular, diploid, 23, haploid
5. Which terms (in the order given) below are the best choice for filling in the blanks
in the following sentence?
Human body (somatic) cells have _____ chromosomes organized in ____ pairs.
These somatic cells are ____________. Human gametes (egg and sperm) have
________ chromosomes and are referred to as being __________.
A) 46, linear, haploid, 23, diploid
B) 23, linear, haploid, 46, diploid.
C) 46, linear, diploid, 23, haploid
D) 46, circular, diploid, 23, haploid
6. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Cell Reproduction
Which of the following about homologous chromosomes is true?
A) The genes on homologous chromosomes are identical.
B) X and Y are the only identical homologous chromosomes.
C) Each copy of a homologous pair comes from the same parent.
D) The genes of homologous chromosomes are found at the same locus.
7. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Cell Reproduction
Which of the following about homologous chromosomes is true?
A) The genes on homologous chromosomes are identical.
B) X and Y are the only identical homologous chromosomes.
C) Each copy of a homologous pair comes from the same parent.
D) The genes of homologous chromosomes are found at the same locus.
8. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Cell Reproduction
A human sperm cell has how many chromosomes?
A) 12
B) 23
C) 46
D) 14
9. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Saylor OER. "Biology « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0
http://www.saylor.org/majors/Biology/
Cell Reproduction
A human sperm cell has how many chromosomes?
A) 12
B) 23
C) 46
D) 14
10. Why do organisms need to undergo cell division?
A) Growth of the organism (multicellular organisms)
B) Reproduction (unicellular organisms)
C) Repair of cells and tissues
D) All of the above
11. Why do organisms need to undergo cell division?
A) Growth of the organism (multicellular organisms)
B) Reproduction (unicellular organisms)
C) Repair of cells and tissues
D) All of the above
12. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Cell Reproduction
How does the genome of a diploid organism ensure that it does
not have exactly the same traits as another organism?
A) The chromosomes are able to circularize, forming new combinations
of genes
B) The genome is packaged into chromosome pairs, with each member
of a pair inherited from a parent
C) The blood type of an organism defines its traits
D) All X and Y chromosomes are different and control the unique
characteristics of an organism
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Cell Reproduction
How does the genome of a diploid organism ensure that it does
not have exactly the same traits as another organism?
A) The chromosomes are able to circularize, forming new combinations
of genes
B) The genome is packaged into chromosome pairs, with each member
of a pair inherited from a parent
C) The blood type of an organism defines its traits
D) All X and Y chromosomes are different and control the unique
characteristics of an organism
14. What is the major purpose of DNA compaction?
A) To allow DNA to fit into the cell, especially during times where the
DNA is replicated (preceding mitosis or meiosis).
B) To allow for better use of genes.
C) To ensure that genes are not lost.
D) To allow for more efficient aerobic respiration.
15. What is the major purpose of DNA compaction?
A) To allow DNA to fit into the cell, especially during times where the
DNA is replicated (preceding mitosis or meiosis).
B) To allow for better use of genes.
C) To ensure that genes are not lost.
D) To allow for more efficient aerobic respiration.
16. During DNA compaction the nucleosomes form “beads on a string” of DNA, and
between the beads are linker DNA. These coil further into 30 nm diameter fibers
referred to as _______________.
A) histones
B) scaffolds
C) chromatids
D) chromatin
17. During DNA compaction the nucleosomes form “beads on a string” of DNA, and
between the beads are linker DNA. These coil further into 30 nm diameter fibers
referred to as _______________.
A) histones
B) scaffolds
C) chromatids
D) chromatin
18. During DNA compaction the DNA is wound around histone proteins to form a
structure called a nucleosome. How many histone proteins are in each
nucleosome?
A) one
B) four
C) eight
D) ten
19. During DNA compaction the DNA is wound around histone proteins to form a
structure called a nucleosome. How many histone proteins are in each
nucleosome?
A) one
B) four
C) eight
D) ten
20. Define each of these terms:
cell cycle
centromere
chromatid
diploid
gamete
gene
genome
haploid
histone
homologous chromosomes
locus
Nucleosome
Answers are in your reading.
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Cell Reproduction
If cellular division in an organism were to cease, which of the
following would occur?
A) The organism would be unable to replace dying or damaged cells.
B) The organism would have to rely on asexual reproduction.
C) The organism would have to rely on sexual reproduction.
D) all of these answers
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Cell Reproduction
If cellular division in an organism were to cease, which of the
following would occur?
A) The organism would be unable to replace dying or damaged cells.
B) The organism would have to rely on asexual reproduction.
C) The organism would have to rely on sexual reproduction.
D) all of these answers
23. What is the cell cycle?
A) Production of gametes.
B) An ordered sequence of events that a cell passes through between
one cell division and the next.
C) Growth of an organism.
D) All of the above
24. What is the cell cycle?
A) Production of gametes.
B) An ordered sequence of events that a cell passes through between
one cell division and the next.
C) Growth of an organism.
D) All of the above
25. Just to be clear.....the cell cycle as described in your readings is
something that cells do only when they are undergoing cell division!
When they are not actively dividing, then they enter a stage called Go
where the cell cycle is arrested. Cells are still metabolically active in
Go, they just aren’t actively dividing. Cell division only happens when
organisms need it to. Remember – uncontrolled cell division is a
problem (think tumor cells). Nerve cells for example, stay in Go once
they reach maturity, and typically never enter the cell cycle again.
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Cell Reproduction
Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of the cell cycle?
A) S phase
B) G1 phase
C) all of these answers
D) G2 phase
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Cell Reproduction
Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of the cell cycle?
A) S phase
B) G1 phase
C) all of these answers
D) G2 phase
28. Which of the following has the correct labels for A, B and C?
A) A = meiotic phase, B = meiosis, C = cytokinesis
B) A = mitotic phase, B = meiosis, C = cytokinesis
C) A = mitotic phase, B = mitosis, C = cytokinesis
D) A = mitotic phase, B = mitosis, C = karyokinesis
Which of the following is the correct order
of events in mitosis?
A.
B
C
29. Which of the following has the correct labels for A, B and C?
A) A = meiotic phase, B = meiosis, C = cytokinesis
B) A = mitotic phase, B = meiosis, C = cytokinesis
C) A = mitotic phase, B = mitosis, C = cytokinesis
D) A = mitotic phase, B = mitosis, C = karyokinesis
Which of the following is the correct order
of events in mitosis?
A.
B
C
30. What is the purpose of mitosis?
A) To ensure correct cell division takes place.
B) To form gametes.
C) To ensure DNA synthesis is accurate.
D) To ensure each new daughter cell resulting from cell division has an
identical nucleus (nuclear division).
31. What is the purpose of mitosis?
A) To ensure correct cell division takes place.
B) To form gametes.
C) To ensure DNA synthesis is accurate.
D) To ensure each new daughter cell resulting from cell division has an
identical nucleus (nuclear division).
32. Which of the following is the correct order of events in mitosis?
A) Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore
becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. The nucleus reforms and
the cell divides. Cohesin proteins break down and the sister
chromatids separate.
B) The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Cohesin
proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate. Sister
chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The nucleus reforms
and the cell divides..
C) The kinetochore becomes attached to the cohesin proteins. Sister
chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore breaks
down and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus reforms and
the cell divides.
D) The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Sister
chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. Cohesin proteins break
down and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus reforms and
the cell divides.
33. Which of the following is the correct order of events in mitosis?
A) Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore
becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. The nucleus reforms and
the cell divides. Cohesin proteins break down and the sister
chromatids separate.
B) The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Cohesin
proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate. Sister
chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The nucleus reforms
and the cell divides..
C) The kinetochore becomes attached to the cohesin proteins. Sister
chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore breaks
down and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus reforms and
the cell divides.
D) The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Sister
chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. Cohesin proteins break
down and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus reforms and
the cell divides.
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Cell Reproduction
The drug colchicine inhibits the formation of spindle fibers. If you
treat dividing cells with colchicine, what would you expect the
result to be?
A) The cells would be unable to divide and eventually die.
B) The sister chromatids would all segregate to the same daughter cell.
C) The chromosomes would segregate randomly into each daughter cell.
D) The chromosomes would line up along the metaphase plate but not
separate.
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Cell Reproduction
The drug colchicine inhibits the formation of spindle fibers. If you
treat dividing cells with colchicine, what would you expect the
result to be?
A) The cells would be unable to divide and eventually die.
B) The sister chromatids would all segregate to the same daughter cell.
C) The chromosomes would segregate randomly into each daughter cell.
D) The chromosomes would line up along the metaphase plate but not
separate.
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Cell Reproduction
The mitotic spindles arise from which cell structure?
A) centromere
B) kinetochore
C) cleavage furrow
D) centrosome
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Cell Reproduction
The mitotic spindles arise from which cell structure?
A) centromere
B) kinetochore
C) cleavage furrow
D) centrosome
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Cell Reproduction
What do you predict would happen if only one microtubule
attatched to a pair of sister chromatids during mitosis?
A) The sister chromatids would fail to separate and be pulled to the same
pole.
B) The sister chromatids would become tangled and break during
separation.
C) The sister chromatids would separate normally.
D) Cellular division would be arrested.
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Cell Reproduction
What do you predict would happen if only one microtubule
attatched to a pair of sister chromatids during mitosis?
A) The sister chromatids would fail to separate and be pulled to the same
pole.
B) The sister chromatids would become tangled and break during
separation.
C) The sister chromatids would separate normally.
D) Cellular division would be arrested.
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Cell Reproduction
Attachment of the mitotic spindle fibers to the kinetochores is a
characteristic of which stage of mitosis?
A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) prometaphase
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Cell Reproduction
Attachment of the mitotic spindle fibers to the kinetochores is a
characteristic of which stage of mitosis?
A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) prometaphase
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Cell Reproduction
Which of the following events occurs during the prophase stage of
mitosis?
A) The cell grows in size.
B) The cell membrane pinches off and splits into two daughter cells.
C) Identical chromosomes align themselves along the equator of the cell.
D) The nuclear membrane disappears
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Cell Reproduction
Which of the following events occurs during the prophase stage of
mitosis?
A) The cell grows in size.
B) The cell membrane pinches off and splits into two daughter cells.
C) Identical chromosomes align themselves along the equator of the cell.
D) The nuclear membrane disappears
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Cell Reproduction
Which of the following statements about the products of a single
diploid cell that has gone through mitosis is true?
A) One diploid cell will have formed two genetically diverse cells.
B) One diploid cell will have formed four separate cells.
C) One diploid cell will have formed three separate cells.
D) One diploid cell will have formed two identical diploid cells.
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Cell Reproduction
Which of the following statements about the products of a single
diploid cell that has gone through mitosis is true?
A) One diploid cell will have formed two genetically diverse cells.
B) One diploid cell will have formed four separate cells.
C) One diploid cell will have formed three separate cells.
D) One diploid cell will have formed two identical diploid cells.
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Cell Reproduction
Identical copies of chromatin held together by cohesin at the
centromere are called _____.
A) histones
B) nucleosomes
C) chromatin
D) sister chromatids
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Cell Reproduction
Identical copies of chromatin held together by cohesin at the
centromere are called _____.
A) histones
B) nucleosomes
C) chromatin
D) sister chromatids
