The document contains notes from a biology class covering topics of cell structure and function over multiple class periods. It includes definitions of key terms like prokaryote and eukaryote, an overview of the cell theory, descriptions of major cell organelles like the nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria and chloroplasts, and what was covered each day like bell ringers, notes, activities and homework assignments.

1. H. Biology October 1 Bell Ringer: What are some major differences between the plant and animal cell? Bell Ringer Hand out test grades. Last day for late or make-up work is next Thursday! Lab: Animal Cell Homework: Read article Class fees need to be paid by the end of the 1st 9 weeks! Either cash, check or fee waiver!

2. H. Biology October 2 Bell Ringer: Cells undergo plasmolysis after drinking sea water. What is plasmolysis? Bell Ringer Lab: Finish animal cell and begin plant cell lab Unit 5-1 Notes if time Homework: Research a disease that is caused by a malfunction by a cellular organelle; create a power point (more info to follow); disease due tomorrow. Class fees need to be paid by the end of the 1st 9 weeks! Either cash, check or fee waiver!

5. H. Biology October 3 Bell Ringer:What is the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote cell? Bell Ringer/Check hmwk Competition Activity Unit 5-1 Notes Observing a cell membrane Handout Progress Report (unofficial)

6. www.freewebs.com/nehskelley

7. H. Biology 10.6.08 Bell Ringer: The cell membrane is said to be a “phospholipid bi-layer”. What does this mean? Bell Ringer/check progress reports Cell Structure Unit 5-2 Notes (quiz on Thursday) Computer Activity: Cell Sweet 16 Reminder: Cell organelle disease due Wednesday, Cells Alive due tomorrow All late, make-up and retakes must be in by Thursday, Oct.9! I will be here after school on Tuesday from 2:30-3:30

8. H. Biology 10.7.08 Bell Ringer: What do the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic mean? Bell Ringer/Collect Hmwk “Cells Alive” Competition Activity Unit 5-3 Notes (Quiz on Thursday) Cell Membrane Activity Due FRIDAY!!: Website PPT All late, make-up and retakes must be in by Thursday, Oct.9! I will be here after school on Tuesday from 2:30-3:30

9. http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP11403

10. H. Biology 10.8.08 Bell Ringer: if “cyt” means “cell”, what do you think the following mean? Cytology, exocytosis, endocytosis and cytopathogen Bell Ringer Competition Activity Unit 5-4 Notes (Quiz Tomorrow!) Observing a Cell Membrane Activity Power Point due Friday! All late, make-up and retakes must be in by Thursday, Oct.9!

11. H. Biology 10.8.08 Bell Ringer: The cell membrane is “selectively permeable” what does this mean? Bell Ringer Unit 5 Quiz Begin Lab on Selectively Permeable Membrane All late, make-up and retakes must be in today!

12. H. Biology 10.10.08 Bell Ringer: what is the difference between osmosis and diffusion? Bell Ringer/Collect Competition Activity Computer Webquest (due today) Friday Drawing

13. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-1 Read over Ch.7 in text Scientists contributing to the cell theory: -Hooke: first to use light microscope, looked at cork, called chambers “cells” (1665) -van Leeuwenhoek: first to observe organisms in pond water (1674) -Schleiden: concluded all plants made of cells (1838) -Schwann: concludes all animals are made of cells (1839) -Virchow: proposed that all cells come from existing cells (1855)

15. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-1 Cell theory: -all living things are composed of cells -cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are produced from existing cells Prokaryotes: -have cell membrane and cytoplasm, but NO NUCLEUS -all bacteria

16. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-1 -Eukaryotes: -have a nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm -have specialized organelles -include all plant, animal, fungi and many microbes

17. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-2 Cell Structures: -cell wall: found in many organisms including plants, algae, fungi and nearly all prokaryotes -main function is to provide support and protection -made from fibers of carbs and proteins (plant cell: cellulose) -nucleus: controls most cell processes and contains hereditary info DNA -chromatin: uncoiled chromosomes (coils when cell is about to divide)

18. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-2 Nucleolus: dense part of nucleus, makes ribosomes Cytoskeleton: network of protein filaments that helps cell maintain its shape; also involved in cell movement -microtubules: hollow tubes that can be “tracks” to move things -microfilaments: long thin fibers that function in movement and support

19. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-4 Ribosomes: makes proteins (found on rough ER) gets directions from RNA during protein synthesis Endoplasmic Reticulum: components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified Golgi Apparatus: (complex) enzymes found here attach carbs and lipids to proteins Lysosomes: filled with enzymes, break down compounds to be used as food particles

20. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-4 Vacuoles: used for storage (if small, sometimes called vesicles) Chloroplasts: use energy from sunlight to assemble water and carbon dioxide into glucose or energy rich compounds Mitochondria: use oxygen and water to produce ATP, the energy molecule of cells -do plants need mitochondria? Yes! Until a plant develops chloroplasts, it needs ATP to grow