This document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Karen Cangialosi on open education. It discusses how open educational resources (OER) can increase access and equity for students by reducing costs. A study found that 45% of students experienced food insecurity and 56% experienced housing insecurity. OER are freely available online resources like open textbooks. The presentation advocates for "open pedagogy" where students help create learning structures and knowledge through collaborative projects. It discusses using open tools and platforms to give students voice in their education.

1. Open Education:
Access, Agency and
Connection
Dr. Karen Cangialosi
Dept of Biology, Keene State College
Keene, NH USA
@karencang

4. Study of 86,000 students at 123
two and four year institutions across
the U.S. April 2019
• Food Insecure: 45%
• Housing Insecure: 56%
• Homeless: 17%

5. Image: The Economist
From The Economist
50-80% of the sticker price of college comes from non-
tuition costs (from Paying the Price by Sara Goldrick-Rab)

7. 21,000 students in the study

8. Open Educational Resources by Ron Mader [CC BY 2.0]
• Free
(for students)
OER

9. Slide by Robin DeRosa [CC BY 4.0]
21,822
students in
this study

10. Synthesizes results from 36 studies
involving 121,168 students. Students
achieve the same or better learning
outcomes when using OER.

11. OpenStax.org
OER

12. LibreTexts.org

13. OER

14. Open Data as OER
“Open Data is an umbrella term describing
openly-licensed, interoperable, and reusable
datasets which have been created and made
available to the public...”
- Javiera Atenas and Leo Havemann

15. • “Traditional” OER as textbook (e.g.
pressbooks)
• Ancillary materials: test banks,
study guides, lesson plans, etc
• Curated links on websites
• Open Google Docs
• Open Access published articles
• Open Datasets
• Open Lab notebooks and Methods
repositories
• Open Videos
• Open Lab Simulations
• Open Source software/tools
• and more…
Popsicles by Colored Pencil Magazine [CC BY 2.0]
OER

16. • At Keene State College, we use OER and other free
resources for nearly ALL Biology courses. We have
collectively saved our students about $250,000 over
the last 4 years.
• Many Colleges and Universities have already saved
students MILLIONS of dollars in textbooks costs.

17. Free as in “Free Beer”
Photo by Elliot Bledsoe [CC BY 2.0]

18. Free But Not Open

19. Creative Commons
licenses explained
©Foter (adapted by
Jisc) via Foter blog
CC BY-SA
The Open
License
Not just “free”,
but Open.

20. Beyond Equity and Embrace Liberation?
Modified from original image by Craig Froehle

21. • Reuse
• Revise
• Remix
• Redistribute
• Retain
FREE as in Freedom (the 5 R’s)

22. “Using OER the same way we used commercial textbooks
misses the point. It’s like driving an airplane down the road.”
– David Wiley

23. Open Educational Resources by Ron Mader [CC BY 2.0]
• Digital
• Multimedia
• Downloadable
• Adaptable
• Current
• Public
• Openly Licensed
• Free
OER

25. Open Pedagogy
is about
Access and Agency
Students
Design
Learning
Structures
Knowledge
Knowledge
Creation
Knowledge
Sharing
Community
Connections &
Collaboration
food,
housing, gas,
laptops,
captions,
safety, ETC.

26. CC 0
Don’t start with
the tools
CC 0

27. • What are some ways to make education more accessible and
equitable for all students? (Open for whom?)
• How do we authentically give our students voice and power in
the design of learning structures?
• How do we keep the real life circumstances of our students in
mind when we design learning experiences?
• How do we help the public see the value in what our students
are achieving?
• How can we provide transformational (not just transactional)
experiences for our students?

28. Students can be involved in the production of any of these
• “Traditional” OER as textbook (e.g.
OpenStax)
• Ancillary materials: test banks, etc.
• Curated links on websites
• Open Google Docs
• Open Videos
• Case studies
• Open Labs, simulations, animations
• Open Source software/tools
• Open Access published articles
• Open Datasets
• Open Lab notebooks, Methods
repositories
• and more…
Open Pedagogy
Lollipops by Andrew Malone [CC BY 2.0]

29. Open Google Docs for sharing & working collaboratively on the web

30. KSC Open:
Domain of
One’s Own
https://kscopen.org/
Using Digital Tools for Learning in the Open, for Sharing, and for
Contributing Knowledge

31. Some “Free” Tools for Blogging, making Websites:
Wordpress
Google sites Blogger
Tumblr
Wix

32. “Contribute to, not just consume from, the knowledge commons”
-Robin DeRosa

33. Audience Beyond the Professor

34. • Students create, remix and
openly license work that is
shared with others.
• Student work lives on past the
end of the semester (if they
want it to).
Non-Disposable Assignments

36. Student-Created OEROEROpenPedagogy

37. 2017 class
• Students create
content on their
domain spaces
2019 class
• Add content from
domain spaces
• Curate and edit
content from
2017 & 2019;
create pressbook
2017 Alumni
• Further edit
Pressbook Content
• Add new content
• Write the intro, title
• Reorganize chapters
Beyond the walls of the classroom

39. https://edu.ifixit.com Students writing Open Repair Manuals

40. Web Annotation for Community & Collaboration

41. Wiki Education Foundation (wikiedu.org)
[CC BY SA]
Creating/Editing Wikipedia Articles

42. Medical students at the
University of California
San Francisco School of
Medicine edit
Wikipedia articles

43. http://mediashift.org/2016/05/why-you-and-your-students-should-work-to-improve-wikipedia/

44. #Envision2030 at Keene State: Wiki Scholars with Wiki Education

45. “Our students
are not just
going on the
web, they are
constructing it.”
-Martha Burtis
"This is How The Web is Made“ by cogdogblog
https://flickr.com/photos/cogdog/16248316055
[CC BY 2.0]

46. Twitter
Research Gate
Linked-InUsing Social Media for developing a
Personal Learning Network; Connecting
with Peers, Professionals and Academics
#KSCBio

47. “ I got into several conversations with
professionals about how to save our
planet and things that need to be done
in order to make that happen.… I found
myself enjoying being on twitter for a
purpose other than entertainment.”
-Keene State Biology student
Open provides tangible
pathways from the classroom
to future jobs and careers

48. Students write about local contamination sites and potential
consequences to humans and wildlife
#SciComm
Open Pedagogy as Public Service

49. Come for the OER, Stay for the Pedagogy

50. Students can work with faculty to:
• Create Content
• Write the syllabus
• Write the attendance policy
• Create learning outcomes
• Determine what goes on during class
• Design assignments
• Decide what work they want to make public
or openly license
• Determine how they will be graded
Trust, Power, and Agency
CC 0

52. “Anxiety" by ASweeneyPhoto CC (BY-NC)
More than 60% of college students (in a study of 88,000)
said they had experienced “overwhelming anxiety” in the
past year, according to a 2018 report from the American
College Health Association.
Over 40% said they felt so depressed they had difficulty
functioning.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/21/education/learning/mental-
health-counseling-on-campus.html
In 1985, 18% of college-bound seniors said they “frequently” felt
“overwhelmed by all I had to do” during senior year of high school.
That number had increased to 41% by 2016.
Source: https://willowresearch.com/gen-z/

53. An atmosphere that places greater value on
“achievement” than on learning
Standardized tests and assessments that suck the
life out of learning
Surveillance systems that track, monitor, punish,
and insist on compliance

54. “a stay of execution”
“students just know how to work the system”
“students will cheat if they can get away with it”
“they are grade-grubbers”
“they don’t know anything we taught them at the 100 level”
Stop Blaming Students

55. Student Anxiety,
Financial stress,
Powerlessness
Open Pedagogy:
Student Trust, Agency,
and Empowerment
Open Pedagogy:
Students Create and
Share knowledge
Other Systemic
Problems:
-Economic
-Environmental
-Social and
Cultural
Systemic issues in
Education:
-Standardization
-Grades-Focus
-Surveillance
-High Cost
OER:
Cost Savings

56. “When my students gain access to knowledge, I want it to be part of a larger
invitation: we trust that you have important lessons to teach the world, and we trust
that the knowledge you access today will be changed by your perspective, that you
will open doors to new ideas that we, your current teachers, never could have
taught you.” – Robin DeRosa, University of the Margins

57. “Open is a process, not a panacea”
-Robin DeRosa

58. Trolls!
Fake News!
Stuff that’s wrong!
Stuff that’s
irrelevant!
(Who cares what you had
for dinner?)

59. Students will go online ANYWAY; they will have a digital
presence WITH or WITHOUT your guidance.
Is it responsible to “just say no” to:
• Smartphone use?
• Using social media?
• Reading, posting and interacting on the web?
If faculty and staff in higher education don’t guide students to think
about digital citizenship and their digital footprint – who will?

61. https://www.cccoer.org/
Twitter: @CCCOER cccoer-advisory@googlegroups.com

62. From Data Feminism, D’Ignazio and Klein, MIT Press Open
“What if we imagined
teaching data as a
place to start creating
the connected,
collective, caring
world that we want
to see?”
-Catherine D’Ignazio and
Lauren Klein
https://bookbook.pubpub.org/data-feminism

63. This work by Karen Cangialosi is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License
Follow me on twitter @karencang