The document provides a series of questions and multiple choice answers about cell structure and evolution. It tests knowledge about the evolutionary relationships between the three domains of life, the functions of organelles like mitochondria and the nucleus, differences between plant and animal cells, and more. The questions are part of an online learning tool to help users check their understanding of key concepts.

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CHECK YOUR LEARNING
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

2. Cell Structure
Which of the following best depicts the
evolutionary order in which the three Domains of
life on Earth today arose?
A) self-replicating molecules  Bacterial-like
prokaryotic cells  branching of Bacterial and
Archaeal lines  branching of Archaeal and Eukaryotic
lines
B) self-replicating molecules  Archaeal-like
prokaryotic cells  branching of Bacterial and
Archaeal lines  branching of Archaeal and Eukaryotic
lines
C) self-replicating molecules  Bacterial-like
prokaryotic cells  branching of Bacterial and
Archaeal lines  branching of Bacterial and Eukaryotic
lines
D) self-replicating molecules  amoeba  branching
of amoeba and fungi  branching of plants and
animals

3. Cell Structure
Which of the following best depicts the
evolutionary order in which the three Domains of
life on Earth today arose?
A) self-replicating molecules  Bacterial-like
prokaryotic cells  branching of Bacterial and
Archaeal lines  branching of Archaeal and Eukaryotic
lines
B) self-replicating molecules  Archaeal-like
prokaryotic cells  branching of Bacterial and
Archaeal lines  branching of Archaeal and Eukaryotic
lines
C) self-replicating molecules  Bacterial-like
prokaryotic cells  branching of Bacterial and
Archaeal lines  branching of Bacterial and Eukaryotic
lines
D) self-replicating molecules  amoeba  branching
of amoeba and fungi  branching of plants and
animals

4. Cell Structure
Why would the evolution of organelles be
necessary once cells started internally digesting
nutrients?
A) To increase efficiency
B) To ensure adequate ATP production
C) To ensure that toxic byproducts of digestion were
not able to damage DNA
D) Because the cytoskeleton arose at the same time.

5. Cell Structure
Why would the evolution of organelles be
necessary once cells started internally digesting
nutrients?
A) To increase efficiency
B) To ensure adequate ATP production
C) To ensure that toxic byproducts of digestion were
not able to damage DNA
D) Because the cytoskeleton arose at the same time.

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Cell Structure
Eukaryotic cells contain the following:
A) all of these answers
B) An organelle that specialize in ATP production
C) a nucleus that is not surrounded by a membrane
D) circular chromosomal structures within a
membrane-bound nucleus

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Cell Structure
Eukaryotic cells contain the following:
A) all of these answers
B) An organelle that specialize in ATP production
C) a nucleus that is not surrounded by a membrane
D) circular chromosomal structures within a
membrane-bound nucleus

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Cell Structure
If the nucleolus were not able to carry out its
function, which nucleus-synthesized organelles
would be affected?
A) Proteins
B) Ribosomes
C) Chromosomes
D) DNA

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Cell Structure
If the nucleolus were not able to carry out its
function, which nucleus-synthesized organelles
would be affected?
A) Proteins
B) Ribosomes
C) Chromosomes
D) DNA

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Cell Structure
A primary function of the nucleus in eukaryotic
cells is:
A) to contain the cell's hereditary material.
B) to produce ATP that powers the cell.
C) to synthesize proteins from mRNA.
D) to transport proteins outside of the cell.

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Cell Structure
A primary function of the nucleus in eukaryotic
cells is:
A) to contain the cell's hereditary material.
B) to produce ATP that powers the cell.
C) to synthesize proteins from mRNA.
D) to transport proteins outside of the cell.

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Cell Structure
In mitochondria, the process of using oxygen and
producing carbon dioxide as a waste product is
due to what cellular reaction?
A) It is due to mitochondria's generation of iron and
sulfur clusters.
B) Aerobic cellular respiration.
C) Anaerobic cellular respiration
D) It is due to the associative reaction of anaerobic
eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes.

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Cell Structure
In mitochondria, the process of using oxygen and
producing carbon dioxide as a waste product is
due to what cellular reaction?
A) It is due to mitochondria's generation of iron and
sulfur clusters.
B) Aerobic cellular respiration.
C) Anaerobic cellular respiration.
D) It is due to the associative reaction of anaerobic
eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes.

14. Cell Structure
How does the structure of a mitochondrion teach
us that mitochondria were once prokaryotic cells
themselves?
A) Mitochondria have their own linear pair of
chromosomes.
B) Mitochondria have single circular mitochondrial
chromosomes.
C) Mitochondria have a double membrane.
D) Both B and C.

15. Cell Structure
How does the structure of a mitochondrion teach
us that mitochondria were once prokaryotic cells
themselves?
A) Mitochondria have their own linear pair of
chromosomes.
B) Mitochondria have single circular mitochondrial
chromosomes.
C) Mitochondria have a double membrane.
D) Both B and C.

16. Cell Structure
What is the evolutionary significance of Pelomyxa
amoeba?
A) They lack their own mitochondria, instead using
symbiotic aerobic bacteria in their cytoplasm to obtain
ATP. This supports the theory of endosymbiosis.
B) They lack their own mitochondria, instead using
symbiotic aerobic bacteria in their cytoplasm to obtain
ATP. This tells us that not all eukaryotic cells need ATP.
C) They have very unusual mitochondria that closely
resemble those found in Escherichia coli.
D) They have mitochondria much like fungi, showing
us the amoeba evolved from the fungi.

17. Cell Structure
What is the evolutionary significance of Pelomyxa
amoeba?
A) They lack their own mitochondria, instead using
symbiotic aerobic bacteria in their cytoplasm to obtain
ATP. This supports the theory of endosymbiosis.
B) They lack their own mitochondria, instead using
symbiotic aerobic bacteria in their cytoplasm to obtain
ATP. This tells us that not all eukaryotic cells need ATP.
C) They have very unusual mitochondria that closely
resemble those found in Escherichia coli.
D) They have mitochondria much like fungi, showing
us the amoeba evolved from the fungi.

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Cell Structure
What is an important difference between plant
cells and animal cells?
A) Heterotrophs capture light energy to produce their
own food.
B) Plants are able to make their own food (glucose)
through the use of chloroplasts, which can then be
used in respiration to produce ATP..
C) Animal and bacterial cells contain chlorophyll, but it
is not bound within organelles.
D) Animal cells are able to capture light energy through
stroma.

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Cell Structure
What is an important difference between plant
cells and animal cells?
A) Heterotrophs capture light energy to produce their
own food.
B) Plants are able to make their own food (glucose)
through the use of chloroplasts, which can then be
used in respiration to produce ATP..
C) Animal and bacterial cells contain chlorophyll, but it
is not bound within organelles.
D) Animal cells are able to capture light energy through
stroma.

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Cell Structure
What is the difference in the functioning between
rough ER and smooth ER?
A) Rough ER makes proteins for use inside the cell,
while smooth ER make proteins for use outside.
B) Rough ER is used by animal cells, while smooth ER
is only used by plant cells.
C) Rough ER detoxifies poisons, while smooth ER
creates new cell organelles.
D) Rough ER makes proteins for use outside of the
cell, while smooth ER makes lipids and carbohydrates.

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Cell Structure
What is the difference in the functioning between
rough ER and smooth ER?
A) Rough ER makes proteins for use inside the cell,
while smooth ER make proteins for use outside.
B) Rough ER is used by animal cells, while smooth ER
is only used by plant cells.
C) Rough ER detoxifies poisons, while smooth ER
creates new cell organelles.
D) Rough ER makes proteins for use outside of the
cell, while smooth ER makes lipids and carbohydrates.