There are many different types of drugs that work on the CNS, EPHEDRA, BELLADONA, TEA LEAVES COFFEE SEEDS COCA LEAVES HYOSCYAMUS AND THEIR PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY

1. DRUGS ACTING ON
NERVOUS SYSTEM
ARCHANA CHAVHAN
M.PHARM (QA)
KYDSCT’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SAKEGAON

2. Nervous system of human being is classified into two type.
Central
Nervous
System
Peripheral
Nervous
System

3. Central Nervous System
Awareness
movements
sensations
thoughts
speech
memory
(BRAIN & SPINAL CORD)

4. Peripheral Nervous System
CRANIAL NERVES & SPINAL NERVES

5. RESPIRATION
MAINTAINANCE
OF BODY
TEMPERATURE
BLOOD
CIRCULATION
DIGESTION

6. Synonyms:- belladonna leaf, belladonna herb
Biological source:- it consists of dried leaves and
other aerial part of atropa belladonna linn.
Family:- solanaceae
Chemical constituents:
• Belladonna contains 0.3–1.0% total alkaloids
• The main alkaloid is l-hyoscyamine and other
components are atropine, apoatropine, as choline,
belladonnine,
• Volatile bases, such as atroscine, leucatropic acid;
phytosterol, n-methylpyrroline, homatropine,
hyoscyamine

7. 1. It used to reduce secretion of sweat salivary and gastric
glands.
2. It also used as antispasmodic which relieves spasm of
gut or urinary tract.
3. In the treatment of Narrow-angle glaucoma
4. It used in parasympathetic depressant
5. In treatment of severe ulcerative colitis , peptic ulcer
6. It is narcotic, sedative, diuretic & mydriatic.

8. Synonyms: Henbane, Hyoscyamus leaves
Biological source:- It consists of dried leaves and flowering
tops of the plant known as Hyoscymus niger Linn
Family:- Solanaceae
Morphology:
Color: pale green or greyish green
Odor: strong
Taste: bitter
Shape: ovoid, Lanceolate, leaves are petiolate.
Size: 20-30cm in length and 4-10cm broad

9. Chemical Constituents:-
The chief constituent alkaloid Hyoscyamine, together with smaller
quantities of Atropine and Hyoscine.
Total alkaloid 0.045% to 0.14%.
Other constituents are choline, mucilage, albumin, calcium oxalate
and potassium nitrate.
Therapeutic uses:
1. It is used as antispasmodic, hypnotic and mild diuretic.
2. It is similar in action to belladonna
3. It will also relieve pain in cystitis.
4. It is used to relieve the griping caused by drastic purgatives,
5. Common ingredient of aperient pills,

10. Ephedra
Synonyms:- Ma-haung
Biological source:- Ephedra consists of dried
young stem of Ephedra gerardiana Wall
Family:- Ephedraceae
Chemical Constituents:- Ephedra contains about
1 to 1.5% of total alkaloids of ephedrine.
The different alkaloids of ephedra:
• Ephedrine or ephedrine
• L-methyl ephedrine
• D- methyl iso-ephedrine
• Ephedrine,
• Pseudoephedrine,

11. 1. It is used for early relief of asthma.
2. It use for whooping cough.
3. It use for nasal congestion, cough, fever, and chills.
4. Athletic performance. Taking ephedra by mouth
with caffeine is no more effective than taking
caffeine alone for improving athletic performance.

12. Opium
Synonyms:- Raw opium
Biological source:- Opium consists of dried milky
latex obtained from the unripe capsules of the
plants, Papaver somniferum.
Family:- Papaveraceae
Morphology:
Color: The external surface is pale or chocolate-
brown
Internal surface is reddish-brown,
Odour: characteristic
taste: bitter
Shape: rounded or flattened
Size: 8–15 cm in diameter

13. Chemical Constituents
Opium contains about 35 alkaloids among which morphine (10–16%) is the most important base.
The other alkaloids isolated from the drug are
• codeine (0.8–2.5%),
• narcotine, thebaine (0.5–2%).
• noscapine (4–8%),
• Heroin and papaverine (0.5–2.5%).
• The drug also contains sugars, sulphates, albuminous compounds, colouring matter and moisture.

14. 1. Opium and morphine used to relieve pain, diarrhoea
dysentery and cough.
2. Poppy capsules used as emollient.
3. Codeine is mild sedative and is used in cough mixtures.
4. Papaverine has smooth muscle relaxant action and is
used to cure muscle spasms.
5. Also used as bronchodilator

15. Tea leaves
Synonyms:- fig leaf, chaipatti, augur, crystal ball gazer
Biological source:- The biological source of tea is prepared leaves and leaf buds Thea sinensis
Family:- Theaceae
Morphology:
Color: dark green
Odor: characteristic
Taste: aromatic & sweet
Shape: lanceolate or elliptical, on short stalks, blunt at apex
Chemical Constituents:-
• The leaves are a rich source of caffeine (1–5%).
• It also contains theobromine and theophylline in minor quantities.
• The colour of tea leaves is due to tannin (10–20% gallotannic acid).
• The agreeable odour is due to presence of a yellow volatile oil.
• Tea leaves also contain protein, wax, resin and ash.

16. 1. It is used as stimulant, astringent and also as
diuretic.
2. Tea also appears to have antimicrobial qualities
3. It used treatment cancer, heart disease, and
diabetes; encourage weight loss; lower cholesterol;
and bring about mental alertness.

17. Coffee seeds
Synonyms :Coffee bean, coffee seed, Arabica
coffee, Arabian coffee, Brazilian coffee
Biological Source: The biological source of coffee
is its dried ripe seed Coffea arabica Linn
Family:- Rubiaceae
Morphology:
Leaves : dark green, glossy & petiolate (5–20 cm
long,)
Flowers: white, fragrant, in axillary clusters
Fruit : drupe, about 1.5 cm long, oval-elliptic,
green when immature, ripening yellow and then
crimson, black upon drying
Seeds : 2, ellipsoidal, 8.5–12.5 mm long,

18. Chemical Constituents:-
1. The main constituents of coffee are caffeine, tannin, fixed oil and proteins.
2. It contains 2–3% caffeine,
3. 3–5% tannins,
4. 13% proteins,
5. 10–15% fixed oils.
6. The coffee contain sugars in the form of dextrin, glucose and
chlorogenic or caffeotannic acid
1. Also contain nicotinic acid.
Therapeutic uses
1. It is used to stimulate diuretic action due to presence of caffeine.
2. It also have toxic effect due to CNS depressant drugs.
3. It is used as flavoring agent as in ice cream, pastries, candies
4. Used as antidote in snake bite
5. Coffee is used in the folk remedy for fever, gout, diarrhea, cough and
headache.

19. COCA leaves
Synonyms: Coca, Cuca, Cocaine, Peruvian coca, Java coca,
Bolivian coca.
Biological source: The biological source of coca is its dried
leaves Erythroxylon coca.
Family:- Erythroxylaceae
Morphology:
colour : leaves are brownish-green
Shape: oval, entire and glabrous
Tase: bitter
Size: 3–8 cm long and
1.5–4 cm wide.

20. Chemical Constituents:
• Coca leaves contain the alkaloids Cocaine, Annamyl
Cocaine, and Cocamine.
• Java Coca contains tropacocaine and four yellow crystalline
glucosides in addition to the other constituents.
Therapeutic uses:
1. Cocaine has stimulant action on CNS.
2. he leaves are extensively chewed to relieve hunger and
fatigue.
3. Coca leaves are used as a cerebral and muscle stimulant,
especially during convalescence, to relieve nausea, vomiting
and pains of the stomach
4. Cocaine also has local anesthetic action and is used as dental
anaesthesia and minor local surgery