Diuretics, or water pills, increase urine production and help eliminate excess sodium and water, benefiting conditions like heart and liver failure, tissue swelling, and kidney disorders. The document also discusses the medicinal properties of two plants, Gokhru (Tribulus terrestris) known for its anti-inflammatory and tonic effects, and Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa), used for urogenital and renal disorders. Each plant's morphological characteristics, chemical constituents, and therapeutic uses are detailed.

1. ARCHANA B CHAVHAN
M.PHARM(QA)
KYDSCT’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SAKEGAON

2. A diuretic is any substance that
increases production of urine.
Sometimes called water pills, help rid your
body of salt (sodium) and water.
Most of these medicines help your kidneys release
more sodium into your urine. The sodium helps
remove water from your blood, decreasing the
amount of fluid flowing through your veins and
arteries.

3. Diuretics are also used to prevent, treat or improve
symptoms in people who have:
Heart failure
Liver failure
Tissue swelling (edema)
Certain kidney disorders, such as kidney stones

4. Punarnava Gokhru

5. Synonym: Puncture vine, devil’s thorn, Caltrops fruit.
B.S.: Gokhru is the dried ripe seeds of Tribulus terrestris Linn.,
Family: Zygophyllaceae.
Morphological characters:
Color: fruits are yellowish in colour
Odor: odorless
Taste: slightly bitter
Shape: globose, 1.2 cm in diameter containing five woody,
densely hairy, spiny cocci
Size: 1-1.5cm in diameter and 8.5mm thick

6. Chemical Constituents
1. consist of steroidal saponins as the major
constituents.which are;
• terestrosins A, B, C, D and E,.
• F-gitonin and gitonin.
2. Certain other steroidal such as terestroside F,
tribulosin, trillin, gracillin, dioscin
Therapeutic uses
1. The fruit has cooling, anti inflammatory, antiarthritic,
diuretic, tonic, properties.
2. It is used in building immune system, in painful
micturition, calculus affections and impotency.
3. Improves and prolongs the duration of erection
4. It exerts a stimulating effect on reproductary organs.

7. Synonym: rakta punarnava, hog-weed
B.S.: freh dried herb of Boerhhavia diffusa
Family: Nyctagineacea.
Morphological characters:
Color: green on upper surface,
Odor: odorless
Taste: slightly bitter
Shape: ovate
Size: 25-30mm long

8. Chemical Constituents
1. Consist of alkaloid (0.04%)
known as punarnavine as major
constituents.
2. Certain nitrogeneous compound
Allointoin
3. It also contains urosolic acid,
palmitic acid, arachidic acid etc.
Therapeutic uses
1. In the treatment of urogenital
disorders
2. In the renal diseases
3. Fever, cough, dysponea and
bronchial complaints
Punarnavine