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Driving Simulator Validation Study
1. CE 694 CreditSeminar
Validation Study of Driving
Simulator
Presented by
K.Raghupathi
153040008
Under supervision of
Prof. P. Vedagiri
2. Introduction
Driving simulator a technical device which creates the
virtual-reality of driving.
Important research tool in Transportation research
Especially in road safety
It allows safe and relevant environment to test driving
performance
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4. Objective of the study
To have a good command of driving simulators
To know its use in various fields
Mainly focuses on validation
A typical simulator necessarily needs validation
A validation study of UC-win/Road driving simulator has
been discussed.
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5. Background
Need for the driving simulator:
• Human Factor/ Driver behavior studies
• Evaluation and Design of Transport/Road Infrastructures
• Education and training
Types vary from fixed ones to moving based ones
Advanced ones has high level applications like Engineering
development, ADAS, ITS etc.
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7. Literature review
Validity : Extent to which results obtained are true.
Simulator validation can have various approaches,
methodologies and criteria.
Validation approach :
Analytical approach
Experimental approach
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8. Validation methodology:
Define the validation approach
Define the validation objectives
Define the independent variables
Define the dependent variables
Define the type of statistical test
Analysis of the results
Validation Criteria
Internal and external validity criteria
Relative and absolute validity criteria
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9. Outcome from literature review:
Present study carried under analytical approach.
Drivers are requested to perform driving in both
assessments.
A statistical test is used for comparison.
Internal and external criteria is considered as the primary
concern is driving behavior.
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10. Case study
A validation study of driving errors using a driving simulator
Lynn Meuleners and Michelle Fraser
A laboratory based driving simulator-UC-win/Road driving
stimulator is used
(http://www.forum8.co.jp)
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11. Methodology
On-Road driving assessment:
Study area : Stretch of road in Perth city, Western Australia
Participants: 47 (26-male and 21-female, 18-69 years)
Route consists :
Two give way signs
One stop sign, One merge
Three uncontrolled intersections
Five sets of traffic lights
Five roundabouts
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12. Driving simulator assessment:
Route is replicated in simulator
All traffic conditions except hazardous situations were
implemented
Same participants were used
Errors measured by driving assessor
On road driving assessed by Occupational therapist
15-20 minutes taken to complete
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13. Images in driving simulator
corresponding to on road routes
(Lynn Meuleners and Michelle Fraser)
On-road driving route
(Lynn Meuleners and Michelle Fraser)
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14. Performance measures
Special driving assessment sheet
Error measurements are
Observation : Mirror checking
Speed control : Correct speed for road
Planning and judgment
Vehicle positioning : Gap selection
Physical control of vehicle : Indicators using
Road laws : Obeying signs
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16. Conclusions of case study:
Study can approximate specific driving tasks
• mirror checking
• speed at intersections
• left, right and forward observations
• maintaining speed and violation signs
Significant difference in
• lane position maintenance
• gap selection
• indicating and driving the correct speed
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17. Limitations:
The sample size considered was small
Two researchers of the study (ICC:0.6-0.8)
Failing to provide immediate responses
Some road characteristics are not replicated properly
volunteer bias of the sample
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18. Conclusions
Proper validation methodology required to get accurate
outcomes of the study.
Considerable amount of sample size to avoid statistical
limitations.
Participants must be same for both assessments.
programmer should replicate real driving conditions in the
simulator
There is no exact driving behavior of the driver in simulators
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19. Future scope
Future research is needed to find validation failure causes
for some tasks.
Proper programming is required to ensure at most
replication of real scenario.
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20. References
Allen, R.W., Mitchell, D.G., Stein, A.C. and Hogue, J.R. (1991). Validation of
real-time man in the loop simulation. VTI Report. No 372A, Part 4, pp. 18-31.
Bella, F. (2008). Driving simulator for speed research on two-lane rural
roads. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(3), pp.1078-1087.
Blaauw, G.J. (1982). Driving experience and task demands in simulator and
instrumented car: a validation study. Human Factors, 24(4), pp. 473-486.
Blana, E. (1996). Driving Simulator Validation Studies: A Literature Review.
Institute of Transport Studies, University of Leeds, UK, Working Paper 480.
Carsim.com, (2015). Mechanical Simulation Corporation. [online] Available at:
https://www.carsim.com [Accessed 17 Sep. 2015].
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21. Dorn, L. and Barker, D. (2005). The effects of driver training on simulated
driving performance. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 37(1), pp.63
Godley, S., Triggs, T. and Fildes, B. (2002). Driving simulator validation for
speed research. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 34(5), pp.589-600.
Meuleners, L. and Fraser, M. (2015). A validation study of driving errors using a
driving simulator. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and
Behaviour, 29, pp.14-21.
Nads-sc.uiowa.edu, (2015). The National Advanced Driving Simulator. [online]
Available at: https://www.nads-sc.uiowa.edu [Accessed 17 Nov. 2015].
Statistics Solutions, (2015). Paired Sample T-Test - Statistics Solutions. [online]
Available at: http://www.statisticssolutions.com/manova-analysis-paired-
sample-t-test [Accessed 30 Oct. 2015].
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