This document summarizes a study that investigated whether professionally trained police drivers exhibit safer driving behavior in simulated driving tasks compared to non-police trained drivers. 54 police trained drivers and 56 non-police trained drivers completed two simulated driving tasks - overtaking a slow bus on a hazardous road, and following a lead vehicle in a built up area. Results showed police drivers were less likely to cross the central road division unsafely during overtaking and reduced speed more when approaching pedestrians. Police drivers also maintained a more central lane position on urban roads and at traffic lights. The implications for driver training assessment and skill development are discussed.
This study examined how well calibrated younger and older drivers were to performance decrements caused by distraction from cell phone use. Forty drivers completed driving tasks on a closed test track while performing a mental math task on a handheld or hands-free phone. Drivers' estimates of performance changes due to distraction were compared to actual changes measured across multiple driving performance measures. The results showed that drivers generally were not well calibrated to the magnitude of distraction effects, with some estimates even showing performance changes in the opposite direction of reality. Younger male drivers in particular tended to underestimate distraction impacts. The findings suggest that lack of awareness of distraction effects could influence drivers' decisions to engage in distracting activities.
This document summarizes a simulator study that examined how feelings of risk influence driving behavior. The study tested three hypotheses: 1) That task difficulty and feelings of risk would increase with speed and correlate with each other; 2) Ratings of task difficulty and risk would increase with driver age; and 3) Older drivers would adopt lower preferred speeds. The results supported all three hypotheses, finding that older drivers perceived tasks as more difficult and risky, especially in urban environments, and drove slower than younger drivers. However, the study was limited by not directly measuring driver capability and focusing mainly on speed as a risk factor. In conclusion, older drivers seem more risk averse but it is unclear if this is due to capability decline or preference for
Crash Analysis of Front under Run Protection Device using Finite Element Anal...IOSR Journals
Under-running of passenger vehicles is one of the important parameters to be considered during
design and development of truck chassis. Front Under-run Protection Device (FUPD) plays an important role
in avoiding under-running of vehicles from front side of a truck. An explicit finite element software Altair
Radio's is used in FUPD analysis for impact loading. The deformation of FUPD bar and plastic strains in
FUPD components are determined in the impact analysis for predicting failure of the system to meet the
compliance requirements as per IS 14812-2005. Additionally, failure analysis of the FUPD attachment points
with chassis is determined. Physical testing can be reduced significantly with this approach which ultimately
reduces the total cycle time as well as the cost involved in product development.
Driver`s Steering Behaviour Identification and Modelling in Near Rear-End col...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper studies and identifies driver`s steering manoeuvre behaviour in near rearend
collision. Time-To-Collision (TTC) is utilized in defining driver’s emergency threat
assessment. The target scenario is set up under real experimental environment and the
naturalistic data from the experiment are collected. Four normal drivers are employed for the
experiment to perform the manoeuvre. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is proposed to model the
behaviour of the driver`s steering manoeuvre. The results show that all drivers manage to
perform steering manoeuvre within the safe TTC region and the modelling results from ANN are
reasonably positive. With further studies and improvements, this model would benefit to
evaluate the driving reliability to enhance traffic safety and Intelligent Transportation System.
Yeoman is a scaffolding tool that helps developers quickly build web applications by generating project templates and files. It promotes a workflow using tools like Gulp and Grunt for building, testing, and deploying projects. Generators are plugins that Yeoman uses to scaffold projects and components. Developers can install official generators or write their own. The Yeoman workflow improves productivity by setting up best practices and dependencies for web development.
Este documento discute el sistema científico-tecnológico de Venezuela y áreas prioritarias para su desarrollo. Señala que aunque el sistema no es óptimo, existen recursos humanos, infraestructura y marco legal suficientes para mejores resultados. También destaca la importancia del desarrollo sustentable a mediano y largo plazo que garantice el desarrollo social y la continuidad de recursos. Menciona áreas prioritarias como las ciencias agrícolas, farmacéuticas, sociales y la
This study examined how well calibrated younger and older drivers were to performance decrements caused by distraction from cell phone use. Forty drivers completed driving tasks on a closed test track while performing a mental math task on a handheld or hands-free phone. Drivers' estimates of performance changes due to distraction were compared to actual changes measured across multiple driving performance measures. The results showed that drivers generally were not well calibrated to the magnitude of distraction effects, with some estimates even showing performance changes in the opposite direction of reality. Younger male drivers in particular tended to underestimate distraction impacts. The findings suggest that lack of awareness of distraction effects could influence drivers' decisions to engage in distracting activities.
This document summarizes a simulator study that examined how feelings of risk influence driving behavior. The study tested three hypotheses: 1) That task difficulty and feelings of risk would increase with speed and correlate with each other; 2) Ratings of task difficulty and risk would increase with driver age; and 3) Older drivers would adopt lower preferred speeds. The results supported all three hypotheses, finding that older drivers perceived tasks as more difficult and risky, especially in urban environments, and drove slower than younger drivers. However, the study was limited by not directly measuring driver capability and focusing mainly on speed as a risk factor. In conclusion, older drivers seem more risk averse but it is unclear if this is due to capability decline or preference for
Crash Analysis of Front under Run Protection Device using Finite Element Anal...IOSR Journals
Under-running of passenger vehicles is one of the important parameters to be considered during
design and development of truck chassis. Front Under-run Protection Device (FUPD) plays an important role
in avoiding under-running of vehicles from front side of a truck. An explicit finite element software Altair
Radio's is used in FUPD analysis for impact loading. The deformation of FUPD bar and plastic strains in
FUPD components are determined in the impact analysis for predicting failure of the system to meet the
compliance requirements as per IS 14812-2005. Additionally, failure analysis of the FUPD attachment points
with chassis is determined. Physical testing can be reduced significantly with this approach which ultimately
reduces the total cycle time as well as the cost involved in product development.
Driver`s Steering Behaviour Identification and Modelling in Near Rear-End col...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper studies and identifies driver`s steering manoeuvre behaviour in near rearend
collision. Time-To-Collision (TTC) is utilized in defining driver’s emergency threat
assessment. The target scenario is set up under real experimental environment and the
naturalistic data from the experiment are collected. Four normal drivers are employed for the
experiment to perform the manoeuvre. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is proposed to model the
behaviour of the driver`s steering manoeuvre. The results show that all drivers manage to
perform steering manoeuvre within the safe TTC region and the modelling results from ANN are
reasonably positive. With further studies and improvements, this model would benefit to
evaluate the driving reliability to enhance traffic safety and Intelligent Transportation System.
Yeoman is a scaffolding tool that helps developers quickly build web applications by generating project templates and files. It promotes a workflow using tools like Gulp and Grunt for building, testing, and deploying projects. Generators are plugins that Yeoman uses to scaffold projects and components. Developers can install official generators or write their own. The Yeoman workflow improves productivity by setting up best practices and dependencies for web development.
Este documento discute el sistema científico-tecnológico de Venezuela y áreas prioritarias para su desarrollo. Señala que aunque el sistema no es óptimo, existen recursos humanos, infraestructura y marco legal suficientes para mejores resultados. También destaca la importancia del desarrollo sustentable a mediano y largo plazo que garantice el desarrollo social y la continuidad de recursos. Menciona áreas prioritarias como las ciencias agrícolas, farmacéuticas, sociales y la
Este documento fornece informações sobre biocombustíveis produzidos no Brasil, incluindo etanol, biodiesel e HBio. Ele discute a história do desenvolvimento de biocombustíveis no país, os tipos produzidos, suas vantagens e o papel da Petrobras nesse mercado. O documento também fornece estatísticas sobre a produção e consumo atuais e projeções para o futuro.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las transacciones con bancos rusos clave y la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
Malware threats in our cyber infrastructure Charles Lim
Botnets have increased not only in numbers but also in sophistication of carrying out its design purpose. What are the lesson learned so far from the recent Botnet takedown?
Monitoring indonesia darknets - Revealing the unseen security intrusionCharles Lim
The document summarizes Charles Lim's presentation on monitoring darknets in Indonesia to reveal unseen security intrusions. Some key points:
- Indonesia has a chapter of the Honeynet Project, which deploys honeypots in unused IP addresses to monitor cyber activities. This helps understand threats facing government, education, and industry networks in Indonesia.
- Various honeypots like Dionaea, Kippo, and Glastopf are deployed on devices like Raspberry Pis and servers to capture malware and analyze attack trends and origins.
- Monitoring results show attacks on common ports and the malware most frequently encountered. New and evolving threats are revealed.
- An upcoming dashboard will provide new visualization of
This document provides information about the US Congress, including:
- Key leadership positions like the Speaker of the House (Paul Ryan) and President Pro Tempore of the Senate (Orrin Hatch).
- An overview of the process for how a bill becomes law, from introduction in Congress to getting passed by both chambers and signed by the President.
- The differences between expressed and implied powers of Congress as outlined in the Constitution.
- Descriptions of common legislative terms like standing committees, conference committees, and the role they play in Congress.
Validity of an on-road driver performance assessment within an initial driver...Erik Roelofs
Based on a competence-oriented view of driving a driver performance
assessment (DPA) has been developed to inform learner drivers about their
progress in acquiring driving proficiency.
This study investigated the relationship between driving performance in a simulator and results on a driving test among 804 learner drivers. The study developed a theoretical framework to quantify driver proficiency based on speed of task execution, violations, and errors. Faster task execution, fewer violations, and fewer steering errors in the simulator were associated with a higher likelihood of passing the driving test within 6 months and shorter on-road training duration. The findings provide new insights into individual differences in young drivers' behavior and support the use of simulators in driver training and assessment.
Does accurate self-awareness increase traffic safety behaviourErik Sommarström
This document summarizes a study that examines how self-awareness, or the ability to accurately assess one's own driving skills and weaknesses, affects traffic safety behavior. The study used a driving simulator to measure self-awareness and traffic safety behaviors in 27 older adult participants. Self-awareness was assessed by comparing participants' self-ratings of driving skills on a questionnaire to their actual performance on matching skills in the simulator. No significant differences were found in self-awareness or traffic safety behaviors between participants who overestimated or underestimated their skills. The author hypothesizes this may be because the experienced, older adult participants have already developed their driving skills and self-awareness primarily affects learning to drive.
The ITERATE project aims to develop a unified model of driver behaviour (UMD) applicable to road, rail, and maritime transport. The model will first be created and developed for road and rail, then adapted for maritime transport. It will undergo experiments in those modes and finally be validated for all three. A large experiment using identical simulators in 5 countries will test the model for road and rail, analyzing common warning systems, driver factors, and collecting additional data through questionnaires.
Study on Postural Analysis and Ergonomic Interference on DriversSoumyajitDas47
Musculoskeletal problems (MSD) influence the staffs in numerous professions including vehicle drivers. The examinations happening muscular issues from truck, taxi, and bus drivers were attempted yet there is no investigation to assess these three automobile users and give ergonomic interferences amongst them. In such manner, the study means to survey the level of musculoskeletal problems on critical elements influencing the three automobiles as for demographic contours and undertakings drivers’ appliance. It additionally means to evaluate the degree of musculoskeletal sufferings of physical portions of automobile drivers from the usual factors, and suggest ergonomic facilitations to address frequency of musculoskeletal problems among the drivers. Evaluation on the issues of these vehicle drivers utilizing RULA and CMDQ were attempted. The outcomes exhibited that there was a correlation on the body portions of truck, taxi and bus drivers on the RULA and CMDQ esteems. The vehicle drivers showed that their neck, inferior back, subordinate legs, upper limb and wrists were the main five greatest usual body parts associated with musculoskeletal issues. As such, the study proposes proposed ergonomics interferences required for these body portions.
This document describes an innovative system for monitoring novice drivers during accompanied driving periods. The system, created by iSafe company, validates that the novice driver and approved accompanying driver are in the vehicle during drives. It collects driving data like speed, location, time of day, and ensures novice drivers comply with graduated driver licensing requirements of accumulating a minimum number of practice hours. This monitoring system could help address issues with current graduated licensing programs by ensuring novice drivers gain sufficient supervised experience to become safer drivers.
Ahmed RahhaliGrad 695Weekly journal #5My research seeks to.docxdaniahendric
Ahmed Rahhali
Grad 695
Weekly journal #5
My research seeks to expound on the way driver education reduces accidents rate and the associated costs. In addition, it explores other means of mitigating accidents and crashes rates. These means could either be in the form of incentives to the drivers, mitigating accident management costs and long-term changes is a hard task but can result in substantial cost savings and secure the lives of drivers and the general public. It is the mandate of every road safety authority to ensure that sufficient and proper training is provided, and all the vehicles have the recommended safety features.
Driver education and training are arguably paramount in every aspect of driver and road safety and the right educational and learning technologies must be implemented to achieve it. Several other factors should be strictly adhered to and applied as the essential rules and requirements. Incorporating a driver policy is one of them. Driving policies should be introduced and taught in appealing methods and group learning environment. The policies should guide the on-road driving behaviors, penalties applicable for poor driving, steps to take after an unfortunate collision incident, and the inspection to be carried out on the vehicles for pre and post route deliveries.
Drivers ought to be equipped with accurate information on past crush incidents and other severe accidents. Monitoring accidents goes beyond formal education and training. Drivers must be aware of recent incidents and make a considerable effort to learn from them. Such information should be accurately outlined and cover all the aspects of the accident i.e., the cause, casualties, and how the driver could have avoided it. Regular assessment of the drivers’ skills. Drivers should update their license and check on the health issues like the eyesight that may affect them on the road — ensuring that vehicles are roadworthy and might the safety standards and requirements. This can be achieved by installing up-to-date safety features, programs and regular repairs to avoid on-road breakups that compromise the driving dynamics.
Ahmed Rahhali
Grad 695
Weekly journal #6
Delivery Drivers, especially new and young drivers register high crash rates according to William (1999), States that young drivers are involved in more crashes as compared to drivers who have experience and have worked in this sector for some time. The reason for the high number of Accidents and Crashes in young drivers is due to lack of enough experience and lack of the necessary driving skills, which means maybe the training was not well conducted or it had some mishaps. This is due to the fact that driving is not an easy task as it is considered to self-paced and complex, at the same time requiring the combination of basic tasks, like steering, accelerating and braking and other complex skills lie problem solving and hazard perception, that are required for normal vehicle operation. The delivery ...
IRJET- A Paper on the Analysis of Vibration to the Passenger SeatIRJET Journal
This document analyzes vibrations transmitted to passenger seats in vehicles traveling on roads with irregular surfaces. An FFT analyzer is used to measure vibration responses like displacement, velocity, and acceleration for different vehicle classes on various road conditions. The readings from the FFT analyzer are then analyzed using the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision analysis tool. The study aims to identify parameters that affect ride comfort and compare analysis results from the FFT analyzer to those from the TOPSIS tool. Experiments are conducted with accelerometers mounted on passenger seats of different vehicles traveling at average speeds on roads classified as good, average, and rough. Vibration responses are obtained from the FFT analyzer and input to the TOPSIS tool to rank the vehicles based on ride comfort for
This document presents the results of a study on student perception of passenger safety on public buses. The study had two objectives: 1) to identify factors influencing bus driver performance related to passenger safety, and 2) to determine which bus facilities have the greatest impact on passenger safety.
The researchers administered a questionnaire to 15 students to collect data on their perceptions. For driver performance, students agreed that factors like alcohol testing, speed limits, training, and licenses were important. Regarding facilities, students strongly agreed that lighting, emergency exits, special seats, and CCTV promote safety. Based on the results, recommendations include additional driver training, counseling, incentives, and reasonable work shifts as well as improved facilities, CCTV, fire extingu
final papar Kahana-Levy, Shavitzky-Golkin, Borowsky, Vakilnaomi levy
This document describes a study that investigated whether implicit procedural learning through repetitive viewing of driving hazard videos can improve novice and experienced drivers' hazard anticipation abilities. Novice drivers were randomly assigned to a trained group that underwent hazard perception training by viewing hazard videos four times each, or a control group. Experienced drivers underwent the training. The study hypothesized that trained novice drivers would show improved hazard identification compared to untrained novices, but the performance gap between experienced and novice drivers would remain. It also hypothesized better outcomes for materialized versus unmaterialized hazards.
Schwarz et al._2016_The Detection of Visual Distraction using Vehicle and Dri...Julie J. Kang, Ph.D.
This document summarizes a research paper that developed algorithms to detect visual driver distraction using vehicle-based sensors and driver-based head tracking data. Researchers collected driving simulator data from participants performing secondary tasks of varying difficulty levels. They developed machine learning algorithms including Random Forest and Hidden Markov Models to detect distraction. The algorithms were trained on distraction ground truth from an eye tracking system and evaluated on their ability to detect distraction using only vehicle-based and head tracking data. The research aims to help detect distraction in a way that could be implemented in vehicles to warn drivers and enhance safety.
This document summarizes a study that validated a driving simulator by comparing driving performance between a simulated drive and an on-road drive. 47 participants drove a pre-defined route in both settings while an assessor measured errors. Several driving tasks showed no significant differences, but speed maintenance, lane positioning, and signaling showed significant differences. The study concluded the simulator can approximate some tasks but not all. Future research is needed to understand validation failures and improve simulator programming to better replicate real driving conditions.
Comparative Ergonomic Review Study of common Road-transport DriversSoumyajitDas47
This document provides an ergonomic review study of common road transport drivers. It summarizes the work and work-related issues for several types of drivers, including bus drivers, truck drivers, taxi drivers, motorcycle drivers, cycle rickshaw pullers, auto/e-rickshaw drivers, and ambulance/emergency vehicle drivers. Common issues identified across driver types include musculoskeletal disorders from prolonged sitting, whole-body vibration, static postures, and lifting/moving objects. The study aims to evaluate and improve the ergonomics of driver workstations and working conditions to reduce risks and accommodate driver health and safety needs.
A Case Study Of Public Bus Driver Behaviour At Batu FeringghiScott Bou
This document summarizes a study on public bus driver behavior in Batu Feringghi, Malaysia. The study collected data from 27 bus journeys with 22 drivers between June and July 2014. The findings include that the road design inconsistently posted speed limits, horizontal and vertical alignments influenced driver behavior, familiar drivers tended to speed more than experienced drivers, and driver age and experience were negatively correlated with lateral and longitudinal accelerations. Passenger comfort depended on acceleration but not speed, and standard deviation best identified the relationship between comfort and acceleration.
Este documento fornece informações sobre biocombustíveis produzidos no Brasil, incluindo etanol, biodiesel e HBio. Ele discute a história do desenvolvimento de biocombustíveis no país, os tipos produzidos, suas vantagens e o papel da Petrobras nesse mercado. O documento também fornece estatísticas sobre a produção e consumo atuais e projeções para o futuro.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las transacciones con bancos rusos clave y la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
Malware threats in our cyber infrastructure Charles Lim
Botnets have increased not only in numbers but also in sophistication of carrying out its design purpose. What are the lesson learned so far from the recent Botnet takedown?
Monitoring indonesia darknets - Revealing the unseen security intrusionCharles Lim
The document summarizes Charles Lim's presentation on monitoring darknets in Indonesia to reveal unseen security intrusions. Some key points:
- Indonesia has a chapter of the Honeynet Project, which deploys honeypots in unused IP addresses to monitor cyber activities. This helps understand threats facing government, education, and industry networks in Indonesia.
- Various honeypots like Dionaea, Kippo, and Glastopf are deployed on devices like Raspberry Pis and servers to capture malware and analyze attack trends and origins.
- Monitoring results show attacks on common ports and the malware most frequently encountered. New and evolving threats are revealed.
- An upcoming dashboard will provide new visualization of
This document provides information about the US Congress, including:
- Key leadership positions like the Speaker of the House (Paul Ryan) and President Pro Tempore of the Senate (Orrin Hatch).
- An overview of the process for how a bill becomes law, from introduction in Congress to getting passed by both chambers and signed by the President.
- The differences between expressed and implied powers of Congress as outlined in the Constitution.
- Descriptions of common legislative terms like standing committees, conference committees, and the role they play in Congress.
Validity of an on-road driver performance assessment within an initial driver...Erik Roelofs
Based on a competence-oriented view of driving a driver performance
assessment (DPA) has been developed to inform learner drivers about their
progress in acquiring driving proficiency.
This study investigated the relationship between driving performance in a simulator and results on a driving test among 804 learner drivers. The study developed a theoretical framework to quantify driver proficiency based on speed of task execution, violations, and errors. Faster task execution, fewer violations, and fewer steering errors in the simulator were associated with a higher likelihood of passing the driving test within 6 months and shorter on-road training duration. The findings provide new insights into individual differences in young drivers' behavior and support the use of simulators in driver training and assessment.
Does accurate self-awareness increase traffic safety behaviourErik Sommarström
This document summarizes a study that examines how self-awareness, or the ability to accurately assess one's own driving skills and weaknesses, affects traffic safety behavior. The study used a driving simulator to measure self-awareness and traffic safety behaviors in 27 older adult participants. Self-awareness was assessed by comparing participants' self-ratings of driving skills on a questionnaire to their actual performance on matching skills in the simulator. No significant differences were found in self-awareness or traffic safety behaviors between participants who overestimated or underestimated their skills. The author hypothesizes this may be because the experienced, older adult participants have already developed their driving skills and self-awareness primarily affects learning to drive.
The ITERATE project aims to develop a unified model of driver behaviour (UMD) applicable to road, rail, and maritime transport. The model will first be created and developed for road and rail, then adapted for maritime transport. It will undergo experiments in those modes and finally be validated for all three. A large experiment using identical simulators in 5 countries will test the model for road and rail, analyzing common warning systems, driver factors, and collecting additional data through questionnaires.
Study on Postural Analysis and Ergonomic Interference on DriversSoumyajitDas47
Musculoskeletal problems (MSD) influence the staffs in numerous professions including vehicle drivers. The examinations happening muscular issues from truck, taxi, and bus drivers were attempted yet there is no investigation to assess these three automobile users and give ergonomic interferences amongst them. In such manner, the study means to survey the level of musculoskeletal problems on critical elements influencing the three automobiles as for demographic contours and undertakings drivers’ appliance. It additionally means to evaluate the degree of musculoskeletal sufferings of physical portions of automobile drivers from the usual factors, and suggest ergonomic facilitations to address frequency of musculoskeletal problems among the drivers. Evaluation on the issues of these vehicle drivers utilizing RULA and CMDQ were attempted. The outcomes exhibited that there was a correlation on the body portions of truck, taxi and bus drivers on the RULA and CMDQ esteems. The vehicle drivers showed that their neck, inferior back, subordinate legs, upper limb and wrists were the main five greatest usual body parts associated with musculoskeletal issues. As such, the study proposes proposed ergonomics interferences required for these body portions.
This document describes an innovative system for monitoring novice drivers during accompanied driving periods. The system, created by iSafe company, validates that the novice driver and approved accompanying driver are in the vehicle during drives. It collects driving data like speed, location, time of day, and ensures novice drivers comply with graduated driver licensing requirements of accumulating a minimum number of practice hours. This monitoring system could help address issues with current graduated licensing programs by ensuring novice drivers gain sufficient supervised experience to become safer drivers.
Ahmed RahhaliGrad 695Weekly journal #5My research seeks to.docxdaniahendric
Ahmed Rahhali
Grad 695
Weekly journal #5
My research seeks to expound on the way driver education reduces accidents rate and the associated costs. In addition, it explores other means of mitigating accidents and crashes rates. These means could either be in the form of incentives to the drivers, mitigating accident management costs and long-term changes is a hard task but can result in substantial cost savings and secure the lives of drivers and the general public. It is the mandate of every road safety authority to ensure that sufficient and proper training is provided, and all the vehicles have the recommended safety features.
Driver education and training are arguably paramount in every aspect of driver and road safety and the right educational and learning technologies must be implemented to achieve it. Several other factors should be strictly adhered to and applied as the essential rules and requirements. Incorporating a driver policy is one of them. Driving policies should be introduced and taught in appealing methods and group learning environment. The policies should guide the on-road driving behaviors, penalties applicable for poor driving, steps to take after an unfortunate collision incident, and the inspection to be carried out on the vehicles for pre and post route deliveries.
Drivers ought to be equipped with accurate information on past crush incidents and other severe accidents. Monitoring accidents goes beyond formal education and training. Drivers must be aware of recent incidents and make a considerable effort to learn from them. Such information should be accurately outlined and cover all the aspects of the accident i.e., the cause, casualties, and how the driver could have avoided it. Regular assessment of the drivers’ skills. Drivers should update their license and check on the health issues like the eyesight that may affect them on the road — ensuring that vehicles are roadworthy and might the safety standards and requirements. This can be achieved by installing up-to-date safety features, programs and regular repairs to avoid on-road breakups that compromise the driving dynamics.
Ahmed Rahhali
Grad 695
Weekly journal #6
Delivery Drivers, especially new and young drivers register high crash rates according to William (1999), States that young drivers are involved in more crashes as compared to drivers who have experience and have worked in this sector for some time. The reason for the high number of Accidents and Crashes in young drivers is due to lack of enough experience and lack of the necessary driving skills, which means maybe the training was not well conducted or it had some mishaps. This is due to the fact that driving is not an easy task as it is considered to self-paced and complex, at the same time requiring the combination of basic tasks, like steering, accelerating and braking and other complex skills lie problem solving and hazard perception, that are required for normal vehicle operation. The delivery ...
IRJET- A Paper on the Analysis of Vibration to the Passenger SeatIRJET Journal
This document analyzes vibrations transmitted to passenger seats in vehicles traveling on roads with irregular surfaces. An FFT analyzer is used to measure vibration responses like displacement, velocity, and acceleration for different vehicle classes on various road conditions. The readings from the FFT analyzer are then analyzed using the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision analysis tool. The study aims to identify parameters that affect ride comfort and compare analysis results from the FFT analyzer to those from the TOPSIS tool. Experiments are conducted with accelerometers mounted on passenger seats of different vehicles traveling at average speeds on roads classified as good, average, and rough. Vibration responses are obtained from the FFT analyzer and input to the TOPSIS tool to rank the vehicles based on ride comfort for
This document presents the results of a study on student perception of passenger safety on public buses. The study had two objectives: 1) to identify factors influencing bus driver performance related to passenger safety, and 2) to determine which bus facilities have the greatest impact on passenger safety.
The researchers administered a questionnaire to 15 students to collect data on their perceptions. For driver performance, students agreed that factors like alcohol testing, speed limits, training, and licenses were important. Regarding facilities, students strongly agreed that lighting, emergency exits, special seats, and CCTV promote safety. Based on the results, recommendations include additional driver training, counseling, incentives, and reasonable work shifts as well as improved facilities, CCTV, fire extingu
final papar Kahana-Levy, Shavitzky-Golkin, Borowsky, Vakilnaomi levy
This document describes a study that investigated whether implicit procedural learning through repetitive viewing of driving hazard videos can improve novice and experienced drivers' hazard anticipation abilities. Novice drivers were randomly assigned to a trained group that underwent hazard perception training by viewing hazard videos four times each, or a control group. Experienced drivers underwent the training. The study hypothesized that trained novice drivers would show improved hazard identification compared to untrained novices, but the performance gap between experienced and novice drivers would remain. It also hypothesized better outcomes for materialized versus unmaterialized hazards.
Schwarz et al._2016_The Detection of Visual Distraction using Vehicle and Dri...Julie J. Kang, Ph.D.
This document summarizes a research paper that developed algorithms to detect visual driver distraction using vehicle-based sensors and driver-based head tracking data. Researchers collected driving simulator data from participants performing secondary tasks of varying difficulty levels. They developed machine learning algorithms including Random Forest and Hidden Markov Models to detect distraction. The algorithms were trained on distraction ground truth from an eye tracking system and evaluated on their ability to detect distraction using only vehicle-based and head tracking data. The research aims to help detect distraction in a way that could be implemented in vehicles to warn drivers and enhance safety.
This document summarizes a study that validated a driving simulator by comparing driving performance between a simulated drive and an on-road drive. 47 participants drove a pre-defined route in both settings while an assessor measured errors. Several driving tasks showed no significant differences, but speed maintenance, lane positioning, and signaling showed significant differences. The study concluded the simulator can approximate some tasks but not all. Future research is needed to understand validation failures and improve simulator programming to better replicate real driving conditions.
Comparative Ergonomic Review Study of common Road-transport DriversSoumyajitDas47
This document provides an ergonomic review study of common road transport drivers. It summarizes the work and work-related issues for several types of drivers, including bus drivers, truck drivers, taxi drivers, motorcycle drivers, cycle rickshaw pullers, auto/e-rickshaw drivers, and ambulance/emergency vehicle drivers. Common issues identified across driver types include musculoskeletal disorders from prolonged sitting, whole-body vibration, static postures, and lifting/moving objects. The study aims to evaluate and improve the ergonomics of driver workstations and working conditions to reduce risks and accommodate driver health and safety needs.
A Case Study Of Public Bus Driver Behaviour At Batu FeringghiScott Bou
This document summarizes a study on public bus driver behavior in Batu Feringghi, Malaysia. The study collected data from 27 bus journeys with 22 drivers between June and July 2014. The findings include that the road design inconsistently posted speed limits, horizontal and vertical alignments influenced driver behavior, familiar drivers tended to speed more than experienced drivers, and driver age and experience were negatively correlated with lateral and longitudinal accelerations. Passenger comfort depended on acceleration but not speed, and standard deviation best identified the relationship between comfort and acceleration.
The document summarizes a study that investigated truck and bus drivers' knowledge of traffic regulations in different European countries. A questionnaire was administered to 256 drivers from Finland, Hungary, Italy, Romania and Sweden. The results showed that 40% reported having problems with traffic regulations and 20% had difficulties understanding foreign road signs. Drivers also lacked knowledge about maximum daily and weekly driving hours. The study aims to help design an in-vehicle information system to better support drivers' regulatory knowledge when operating vehicles across multiple countries.
Development and validation of a psychological scale for work related driversAlexander Decker
This document describes the development and validation of a psychological scale to assess work-related drivers in Nigeria. It involved a pilot study, main study, and validation study with over 700 participants total. Through factor analysis, a 26-item scale was developed measuring 4 dimensions: Compliance (14 items), Aggressive Driving (4 items), Judgment Error (4 items), and Safety Consciousness (4 items). The scale demonstrated good reliability and validity when correlated with other similar measures. The scale can help identify behavioral dispositions of drivers and has implications for selecting, training, and promoting drivers in Nigeria.
Driver preference for automatic or manual transmission systems for vehicles a...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study on driver preferences for automatic or manual transmission vehicles in Ghana. The study surveyed 1260 drivers through questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. It found that while manual transmission vehicles are more common in Ghana, automatic transmission vehicles are gaining popularity. Some key findings include:
- 60% of respondents preferred manual transmission vehicles, though automatic transmission was preferred more by female drivers.
- The top three factors influencing preference for automatic transmission were shifting quality, ease of use, and power/engine performance.
- The top three factors for manual transmission were repairability, reliability, and better fuel economy.
- Most respondents believed manual transmission vehicles had advantages over automatic in terms of repai
The study evaluated the effectiveness of simulator-based training for novice drivers by comparing drivers who received simulator training to those who did not. In part A, questionnaires found that drivers with simulator training reported higher intentions for unsafe driving like speeding. In part B, 40 drivers were directly observed and had their driving objectively measured. Results found that drivers with simulator training performed better on measures of driving safety and had fewer dangerous driving events. The study provides support for including simulator training in driver education programs to promote safe driving among novices.
Driver rehabilitation: A systematic review of the types and effectiveness of interventions used by occupational therapists to improve on-road fitness-to-drive
Similar to Article 01 Vol 8 Issue 1 - Apr 1 to Dec 31_2016 (20)
1. Mahesh, et al., International Journal on Occupational Health & Safety, Fire & Environment – Allied
Science ISSN 2349-977X
OHSFE Journal/Vol. 8/Issue 1/Apr-Dec,2016/01-04
Research Paper
To Study the Role & Benefits of Driving Simulators in
Driver Training
Rajan Sablok1
*and Dr. Zafar Khan, Dr. Nihal Anwar Siddiqui1
Address for Correspondence
1
Department of Health Safety & Environment, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun INDIA
ABSTRACT:
Given that the beneficial effects of driver training on accident risk may not be an appropriate criterion measure, this study
investigates whether professionally trained and experienced drivers exhibit safer driving behavior in a simulated driving task
compared with drivers without professional driver training. A sample of 54 police trained drivers and a sample of 56 non-
police trained drivers were required to complete two tasks. Firstly to overtake a slow-moving bus on a hazardous stretch of
single-lane road with bends and hills and secondly to Follow a lead vehicle travelling at 55mph in a built-up section with a
speed limit of 30mph. Results showed that in comparison with non-police trained drivers; police drivers were significantly
less likely to cross the central division of the road at unsafe locations during the overtaking task and reduced their speed on
approach to Pedestrians at the roadside in the following task to a greater extent. Police drivers also adopted a more central
lane position compared with non-police trained drivers on urban roads and at traffic lights during the following task. Driver
group differences in simulated driving performance are discussed with reference to the implications for driver training
assessment and skill development.
KEYWORDS: Driving behavior, driving simulator, hazard perception, driver training.
1. INTRODUCTION
The effectiveness of driver training on road safety is
a controversial issue. Early research has
demonstrated improvements in accident risk
(Anderson, Ford and Peck, 1980) but many more
studies report no significant difference in crash risk
post-training (Kaestner, 1968; Nichols, 1970; and
Struckman-Johnson, 1989; Manders and Rennie,
1984; Lund and Williams, 1985). Whilst there may
be some evidence for an initial improvement, road
safety effects are not always long-lived (Stock,
Weaver, Ray, Brink and Sadoff, 1983). Even specific
skills training such as skid control and braking
techniques have failed to find measurable
improvements in slippery road accident rates (Lynam
and Twisk, 1995; Gregersen, 1991; Katila, Keskinen,
Hatakka and Laapotti, 2003). When considering the
road safety benefits for accident-involved drivers,
still no significant reduction on crash involvement
post training has been found for at risk groups
(Brown, Groeger and Biehl, 1987; Stuckman-
Johnson, Lund, Williams and Osborne, 1989).
Several studies have suggested that higher order
skills such as hazard perception contribute more to
reducing crash risk than advanced driving skills and
knowledge per se (Lyman, 1995; McKenna and
Crick, 1992) and greater emphasis on hazard
awareness may improve the effect of training on road
safety (Gregersen, 1995). Other studies suggest that
accident reductions are possible provided a package
of safety measures is in place (Gray 1990; Gregersen,
Brehmer and Moren, 1996). Whilst one of the goals
of driver training is to improve road safety, reduction
in accident rates may not be a reliable indicator of
driver training effectiveness. Firstly, there are well-
established problems in the reliability of accident
records that lead to difficulties in using accident rates
as a criterion measure (Wahlberg, 2003). Secondly,
an accident may be the result of several events that
might be due to factors not considered during the
driver-training course under study. Thirdly, accident
frequency is an unreliable criterion given the fact that
accidents are comparatively rare events when
considering the prevalence of everyday risk taking.
Perhaps a more fruitful avenue would be to consider
whether post-test professional driver training leads to
reduced risk taking behaviour which may ultimately
improve road safety whilst not necessarily
influencing individual accident risk.
2. NEED FOR THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is primarily to determine if
a driving simulator can be used to accurately and
efficiently measure driving performance as compared
to an on-road evaluation, and additionally, to identify
differences between road and simulated driving. In
order to properly evaluate drivers using a driving
simulator in place of currently used driving
evaluations, the following question must be
answered: Can a simulator serve the purpose of an
on-road evaluation? Using a driving simulator for
2. Mahesh, et al., International Journal on Occupational Health & Safety, Fire & Environment – Allied
Science ISSN 2349-977X
OHSFE Journal/Vol. 8/Issue 1/Apr-Dec,2016/01-04
evaluation purposes may assist OTs to be more
efficient in their client evaluation work, allow more
people to continue to drive in a safe manner, and
maximize the effectiveness of the transportation
system of our society. By assessing the skills and
abilities of drivers with a simulated driver evaluation
as compared to an on-road evaluation, it can be
determined if a simulator could be used effectively
by OTs in place of an on-road evaluation. For this
study, a low-cost interactive simulation was used.
This driving simulator is completely interactive in
that actions of the subject or failures to act in certain
situations influence the visual display that closely
reflects experiences of actual driving (Janke, 1994).
Various versions of this driving simulator have been
used for a variety of experimental and pragmatic
applications. The current study hopes to expand upon
previous and on-going work in yet another
application of such technology. While flight, driving,
and other simulators have been and are being used
extensively, questions remain as to the
appropriateness and validity of their application. Can
a simulator be used for longer, whole-task driver
evaluation or assist part-task assessment? Most
applications thus far have been limited to either short
scenarios or jumps (e.g., 3-5 minutes) or for longer
sessions (10-30 minutes) with very limited
maneuvers, such as with straight road or highway
driving (e.g., McGehee, Dingus, Papelis, & Bartelme,
1995; Sexton, 1994). This is not to say that useful
findings have not been obtained, but this study
attempts to assess driving in a realistic, whole task
setting such as one would encounter when driving on
the road, utilizing a low-cost, interactive driving
simulator.
3. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
• To study the role of driving simulators in
Driver Training.
• To study the advantages and disadvantages
of Driving Simulators.
• To study the impact of Driving Simulators
on Novice and experienced drivers.
• To analyze the effectiveness of this study.
4. METHODOLOGY
In the present experiment specific driver information
was collected through self-reported Driver History
and Cognitive Failure questionnaires from a range of
licensed drivers between the ages of 18 and 75. In
addition, a driver reaction time test was administered
to all participants. Finally, both on-road and
simulated OT driving evaluations were administered
in a counterbalanced fashion.
Design A 2 X 2 mixed factorial design was employed
with driving Environment (Road and Simulator)
varied within subjects and Age (Younger < 45 years,
Older > 45 years) varied between subjects.
Participants The 19 participants in the study were
licensed drivers (age 18-75). All participants had
normal or corrected-to-normal vision and valid
California drivers licenses. The participants were
recruited through newspaper and posted
advertisements that offered $5.00 per hour to healthy
drivers for participation in an experiment involving
an on-road evaluation and a driving simulator
Participants were recruited through a local university,
a hospital, and a local senior center. Of the 14
participants who completed all sessions of the study,
10 were in the Younger group and four were in the
Older group.
Apparatus and Stimulus
Orientation. Upon arrival, verification of both a
current driver's license and proof of automobile
insurance was carried out. The first portion of each
session included an orientation in which the purpose
of the study was explained (see Appendix A) and
various forms were completed as required by the
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. Also, the Driving
Questionnaire, shown in Appendix B, was used to
determine basic driving information. An additional
questionnaire, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire
(CFQ) (Broadbent, Cooper, FitzGerald, & Parkes,
1982), was also completed (see Appendix C). The
CFQ asks questions of participants about minor
mistakes, lapses of attention, or instances of
forgetting that occur from time to time. This
questionnaire, previously utilized in a driver study by
Andre (1991), was used to assess self-reported
failures in perception, memory, and motor function in
drivers.
Driving Reaction Time Test. The reaction time test
was administered to determine simple reaction time,
utilizing the Instructo-Clinic Testing Apparatus
(Bumpa-Tel¨, Inc., 1973). This apparatus is for
testing depth perception, visual acuity, peripheral
vision, color determination, and simple and complex
reaction time, and was used to test and measure
simple reaction times in this study. The unit consists
of simulated gas and brake pedals with a series of
red, yellow, and green lights to test reaction time.
The task involved depressing the gas pedal to
illuminate a green light. When the red light was
activated, the participant was to brake as quickly as
possible by stepping on the brake pedal. After a
series of practice trials, three trials were given; the
average of these three trials was reported.
3. Mahesh, et al., International Journal on Occupational Health & Safety, Fire & Environment – Allied
Science ISSN 2349-977X
OHSFE Journal/Vol. 8/Issue 1/Apr-Dec,2016/01-04
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The purpose of this study was to determine if a
driving simulator can replace an on-road evaluation
in the context of an Occupational Therapist Driver
Assessment. Specifically, this study set out to
compare the differences between the two
environments. The benefits of using a simulator to
perform driver assessment are many-fold and
include: 1) a more time- and cost-efficient method for
evaluations (e.g., weather concerns would be
eliminated), 2) the ability to evaluate drivers under
complex conditions where failures are likely to occur,
and 3) the safety of both the evaluator and driver
would be improved. Unfortunately however, the data
from this initial study does not show clear promise
for replacing the current on-road assessment
procedure with simulator assessment for OTs. This is
based on the lack of statistically significant positive
correlation between Road and Simulator, and the
high drop out rate due to simulator discomfort.
By looking at the sub-components that make up
Overall Performance (Steering, Braking,
Acceleration, Caution/Safety, and Additional Skills)
for each environment, one can better learn when and
why road and simulator evaluations are associated.
While both Acceleration and Additional Skills were
not significantly correlated, a fairly positive
relationship does exist.
Only one component, Steering, showed a positive
and significant correlation between the environments
of Road and Simulator. It is suspected that these
findings are largely due to the differences in fidelity
and feedback between the two environments
examined here. Braking and Caution/Safety however,
showed very low correlations. While the Braking was
discussed previously (see the Braking Sub-
Component Scores section), the low correlation for
Caution/Safety seems to indicate that differences are
readily apparent for each environment, such as where
to look for traffic, how the vehicle (actual or
simulated) responds, etc.
6. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
The purpose of this study was to determine if a
driving simulator can replace an on-road evaluation
in the context of an Occupational Therapist (OT)
Driver Assessment. The benefits of using a simulator
to perform driver assessment include: 1) a more time-
and cost-efficient method for evaluations (e.g.,
weather concerns would be eliminated), 2) the ability
to evaluate drivers under complex conditions where
failures are likely to occur, and 3) the safety of both
the evaluator and driver would be improved.
This article presents eight logical and six research-
based reasons to introduce simulator training into
fleet driver training. Fleet managers who invest in
simulator training may receive additional benefits
from the enhanced positive image and greater public
prestige given to organizations that demonstrate a
tangible commitment to greater environmental
responsibility, e.g. with eco-drive training and zero
fuel consumption during driver training. In addition,
simulator training may also help a fleet comply with
mandatory health and safety requirements.
Given the historic and non-controversial acceptance
of simulator-based training by the military, the
aviation industry and the medical profession as well
as the increasing quality of affordable driving
simulator hardware and software, there is a high
probability that an increasing percentage of future
driver training and evaluation for fleet drivers will be
done on driving simulators. The logic and the
evidence support the adoption of the simulator
training. Moreover, the benefits of simulator training
can be greatly enhanced if sufficient attention is paid
to all aspects of the integration of driving simulators
into driver-training programs, especially the quality
of courseware. Research cited in this article indicates
that well-planned improvements in driving simulator
courseware are able to cut learning time in half.
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