The drive-by-wire is one of the recently developed technologies in the automotive industry. This ensures completely new driving with new dimensions. It changes bulky and inaccurate mechanical systems with an advanced and accurate electronic system. It is used by many automobile companies all over the world to replace steering control, brake control & throttle control. It also gives designers more space because there is a reduction in mechanical linkages inside the car. Some safety issues of which the people would have to be made aware, such as this system is completely safe as it is being used successfully in civil aircraft & military for years now.

1. DRIVE-BY-WIRE SYSTEMS
IN AUTOMOBILES
SUBMITTED BY- ABHISHEK RAJU PUND
PES’S MODERN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNE

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Evolution Of Safety Technology
• Drive-by-wire Technology
• Working Principle
• Systems Of Drive By Wire
• Why To Adopt Drive-by-wire Technology
• The Future
• Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
• Automobiles are the major lifeline by which people travel.
• The number of vehicles has increased from 4192 units in 1900’s to
more than 204 million units in 2000’s.
• With increase in vehicles the traffic increases, accidents are also
increasing drastically.
• Car manufacturers across the world are trying to invent more reliable
gadgets.
• They all are working for ‘Advanced Safety Vehicle’ or ‘Ultimate Safety
Vehicle’.

4. EVOLUTION OF SAFETY TECHNOLOGY

5. DRIVE-BY-WIRE TECHNOLOGY
• Drive-by wire technology also known simply as “X-by-wire”
technology replaces the direct mechanical linkages between the
driver and the various car elements with electronic components.
• A car with this type of system mainly employs electronics that does
various function.
• Although the mechanical systems are powerful they become overly
complex, inefficient and conductive to wear and tear over the years.

6. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• Drive-by-wire works on electro-
mechanical control system.
• Main controlling system is ECM or
ENGINE CONTROL MODULE.
• Sensors sends signals to ECM and
Actuators actuates.
• ECM is connected to several
systems.
• ECM controls signal and circulates
the signal to suitable system.

7. SYSTEMS OF DRIVE-BY-WIRE
• STEER-BY-WIRE
• BRAKE-BY-WIRE
• THROTTLE-BY-WIRE

8. STEER BY WIRE
• No direct mechanical connection
between the steering wheel and
wheel of vehicle.
• Angle of the steering rod is sensed
by the sensor.
• ECM receives the signal of the
sensor.
• Environmental sensors analyse
environmental factors like yaw,
roll over position.
• Using all these inputs wheels are
actuated using steering sensors
and actuators.

9. ADVANTAGES OF STEER-BY-WIRE
• Interior styling is more versatile due to absence of steering column.
• There is more space available in the engine compartment.
• Driving characteristics can be monitored and the steering response
can be easily adjusted.

10. BRAKE-BY-WIRE
• Eliminates traditional
mechanical and hydraulic
components.
• Replaces them with electronic
sensors and actuators to
control the brakes in the
vehicle.
• Consists of a rheostat that
senses the position of brake
pedal.

11. ADVANTAGES OF BRAKE-BY-WIRE
• Reacts more quickly resulting in shorter stopping distance and time.
• Loss of mechanical systems results in noiseless operation and
eliminates vibration.
• Better space utilization.
• Reduces the weight of the overall system thus improving the fuel
efficiency.

12. THROTTLE-BY-WIRE
• Automotive technology that is
widely used today on vehicle
replaces the traditional throttle
linkage my cables.
• Accelerator sensor senses the
position of the accelerator paddle.
• ECM actuates the servo pump
which actuates the butterfly valve
by electronically operated throttle.
• Position of throttle is continuously
monitored by the ECM.
• Information is send to the ECM by
using a feedback circuit.

13. ADVANTAGES OF THROTTLE-BY-
WIRE
• It helps in maintaining the stability of vehicle.
• It helps in controlling the air fuel ratio and fuel consumption.

14. WHY TO ADOPT DRIVE-BY-WIRE
TECHNOLOGY
• More space availability in engine compartment.
• Simplifies design and lowers the manufacturing costs.
• System can be modelled and easily installed.
• Elimination of vibrations.
• Noiseless operations.
• Reduces the weight of the overall system.
• Improves fuel efficiency.
• Steering response can be easily adjusted.
• Reacts more quickly resulting in shorter stopping distance and time.

15. THE FUTURE
• It has been suggested that Drive-by-wire might allow a car to become
completely separate from its controls, meaning that a car of the
future might theoretically be controlled by any number of different
control systems: push buttons, joysticks, voice commands- whatever
device that designers could come up with.

16. CONCLUSION
• The complexity of drive-by-wire systems is a concern to many
automotive customers who worry about the failure of software and
possible electronic malfunctions in sensors resulting in car accidents
and passenger injury. On the other hand drive-by-wire systems have
been used by commercial aircraft for many years and have an
excellent safety record. Ultimately, the enhanced safety features and
the other benefits of automated electronic controls are expected to
outweigh concerns about the complexity and reliability of these
controls and drive-by-wire systems will be widely used in automotive
designs.