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Drive by wire
- 1. Drive By Wire By MSRIKANTH180021602016 S SURAJ 180021602017 SURYA SWAMYNATHAN 180021602018
- 2. Introduction • Drive bywire, steer-by-wire, fly-by-wire technology in the automotive industry is the use of electrical or electro-mechanical systems for performing vehicle functions traditionally achieved by mechanical linkages. • This technology replaces the traditional mechanical control systems with electronic control systems Using electromechanical actuators and human–machine interfaces such as pedal and steering feel emulators. • Drive-by-wire systems have the potential to increase comfort, functionality and safety during the drive. Computers and sensors would analyze commands and instruct vehicles on exactly what to do.
- 3. • Instead ofusing cables, hydraulic pressure, and other things that provide the driver with direct, physical control over the speed or direction of a vehicle, drive-by-wire technology uses electronic controls to activate the brakes, control the steering, and operate other systems • By-wire systems have an environmental angle, too, since the technology could improve fuel economy and reduce or improve engine emissions • Electronic controls improve handling, enable better fuel efficiency and exhibit shorter response times in emergency situations.
- 4. There are severaldifferent types of drive-by-wire systems, which is why it's sometimes referred to generally as x-by- wire. Here are the main by-wire systems:
- 5. Steer By Wire •A car equipped with a steer-by-wire system is able to steer without a steering column. The control of the wheels' direction will be established through electric motors which are actuated by ECUs monitoring the steering wheel inputs from the driver. • The absence of a steering column greatly simplifies the design of car interiors. • The recent introduction of electric power steering in production vehicles eliminates the need for the hydraulic pump. • Since there are virtually no physical connections between the steering wheel and the wheels, a steer-by-wire system can be implemented on different cars easily.
- 7. Throttle By Wire •These systems use a pedal unit and an engine management system. • This system helps accomplish vehicle propulsion by means of an electronic throttle without any cables from the accelerator pedal to the throttle valve of the engine. • Physical linkage is replaced by sensors connected by wires, that decide how much air fuel mixture should enter the motorcycle's engine.
- 8. • The acceleratorpedal sensor senses the position of the accelerator pedal. This information is conveyed to the ECM as a change in the electrical resistance • The ECM actuates a servo-motor, which actuates the butterfly valve in the throttle assembly. • The position of the throttle is continuously monitored and the information is conveyed to the ECM using a feedback circuit.
- 10. Brake By Wire •Brake-by-wire is an automotive technology that completely eliminates traditional mechanical and hydraulic components and replaces them with electronic sensors and actuators to control the brakes in vehicles. • A position sensor monitors how far the driver has pushed the brake pedal, which is used to determine the amount of braking force requested. • A control then unit determines how much pressure is required, and an electric pump is used to actually generate that pressure and stop the car. • Brake-by-wire systems reacts more quickly resulting in shorter stopping distance and time
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- 12. Advantages • The electronicthrottle system is significantly lighter, reducing weight in modern cars. They are easier to service and tune, as a technician can simply connect a computer and let the computer perform the tuning. • Using an electronic control system also allows for much more precise control of the throttle opening compared to a cable that stretches over time. It also allows the throttle response to be programmed in by the manufacturers. • Drive-by-wire systems can significantly reduce the number of moving parts in a vehicle. • This reduces weight, increases operational accuracy and stretches out the time between service visits for things like mechanical maintenance and other adjustments.
- 13. Disadvantages • Drive bywire systems can be "hacked", and their control faulted or shut off, by either wired or wireless connections. • Each drive-by-wire system leads to more motors in the vehicle and therefore a greater energy consumption. • For instance, the drive-by-wire technology adds actuator motors to create the torque needed to turn the wheels, and to create the "road feel" on the steering wheel. • Another disadvantage of the drive-by-wire system is the noticeable delay between hitting the pedal and feeling the engine respond, caused by the drive-by-wire system's inherent propagation delays.
- 14. Conclusion • Drive-by-wire technologycould also be integrated with driverless car technology, which would allow vehicles to be operated remotely or by a computer. Current driverless car projects use electromechanical actuators to control steering, braking, and acceleration, which could be simplified by connecting directly to drive by-wire technology. • The complexity of drive-by-wire systems is a concern to many automotive customers who worry about the failure of software and possible electronic malfunctions in sensors resulting in car accidents and passenger injury. • Ultimately, the enhanced safety features and the other benefits of automated electronic controls are expected to outweigh concerns about the complexity and reliability of these controls and drive-by-wire systems will be widely used in automotive designs.