Dairy Industry of Sri Lanka - According to the perspective of an undergraduateSasith Nuwantha
Dairy sector/industry is one of the major contributing sector for Sri Lanka Livestock sector. This presentation provides a brief overview about the current status of Sri Lanka dairy industry and the potentials, constraints and suggestions to improve it according to the perspective of an undergraduate of a Sri Lankan university who are studying Livestock and avian sciences.
The objective of a defined feeding management program is to supply a range of balanced diets that satisfy the nutrient requirements at all stages of development & that optimize efficiency and profitability without compromising bird welfare or the environment.
Drafting Embryo Transfer Contracts for Livestock ProducersCari Rincker
This presentation was prepared for the Texas Bar Agriculture Law Conference in Lubbock, Texas at Texas Tech University. It is focused on embryo transfer contracts for the cattle industry (both beef and dairy).
New Approaches for Enhancing Phosphorus Use Efficiency (PUE).pdfS G Sarowar
Phosphorus is an essential primary nutrient for plant growth and is a critical component of fertilizers.
However, it is a finite resource, and concerns have been raised about the depletion of high-quality
phosphate rock reserves, which are the primary source of phosphorus for fertilizer production.
Phosphorus is an exception, as it exists as an anion but has low water solubility, making it relatively
immobile in the soil (Roberts and Johnston, 2015). Phosphorus use efficiency can vary depending on
factors like soil conditions, crop varieties, and agricultural practices. Fixation of broadcasted P is much
greater than the fertilizer applied in bands because of less contact with P fixing ingredients (Rehim et
al., 2012). The PUE is very low in alkaline soil due to fixation with calcium or magnesium ions which
reduces the P availability to the plants. Coating of phosphorus fertilizers with organic acids can improve
the PUE without harming the environment (Mohan and Malarvizhi, 2020). Biochar application
improves crop productivity through enhancing water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity (CEC),
adsorption of plant nutrients and creates suitable condition for soil micro-organisms (Atkinson et al.,
2010). Rock phosphate if used as nano form it may increase availability of phosphorus to the plant
because direct application of rock phosphate nano particles on the crop may prevent fixation in the soil
similarly there is no silicic acid, iron and calcium for fixation of the phosphorus hence it increase
phosphorus availability to the crop plants (Qureshi et al., 2018). Microbial Inoculants in the rhizosphere have been known as System of INM. The fixed or relatively unavailable
fraction of P may be distributed to proportionally more labile fractions, which can be taken up by the
plants, as a result of PSM (Phosphorus Solubilizing Microbes) application. In case of Ultisols of India,
there is very little information on the pattern of P release into soil solution due to microbial
solubilization of fixed soil P (Alam et al., 2021). Product coated with polyvinyl alcohol @2% coating released P gradually that synchronized well with the plant P demand and resulted in greater
biomass yield, P uptake and recovery by wheat than that of liquid paraffin and 3% level of coating. It
can be concluded that novel technology of controlled release RP formulations using different coating
agents could be exploited commercially as the alternative to water soluble P-fertilizers for enhancing P
use efficiency (Sarkar et al., 2018). Polymer coating has been found more effective than other fertilizer
encapsulation technologies. In case of polymer coated fertilizers (PCFs), the shelf life and efficiency of
nutrients is higher. Keeping this in view polymer coated DAP was formulated, and a field study was
conducted with aims to compare the effectiveness of polymer coated DAP and commercial DAP for
improving growth, yield and PUE of wheat (Ali et al., 2017)
Farm animals have well known zones of thermal comfort (ZTC). The range of ZTC is primarily dependent on the species, the physiological status of the animals, the relative humidity and velocity of ambient air, and the degree of solar radiation. Economic losses are incurred by the U.S. livestock industries because farm animals are raised in locations and/or seasons where temperature conditions venture outside the ZTC. The objective of this presentation is to provide current estimates of the economic losses sustained by major U.S. livestock industries from thermal stress and to outline future challenges as animal productivity is improved. Species (production) considered are: chicken (meat), chicken (eggs), turkey (meat), cattle (meat), cattle (milk), and pig (meat).
http://www.extension.org/pages/67799/current-and-future-economic-impact-of-heat-stress-in-the-us-livestock-and-poultry-sectors
For Post graduate study of Physical Chemistry of Soil. Hand written notes describing Ion Exchange, Donnan Membrane Equilibrium, Diffuse double layer, Surface properties, Cation exchange, Anion and ligand exchange, Q/I studies etc.taught at BCKV at PG level (2nd Semester)
Dairy Industry of Sri Lanka - According to the perspective of an undergraduateSasith Nuwantha
Dairy sector/industry is one of the major contributing sector for Sri Lanka Livestock sector. This presentation provides a brief overview about the current status of Sri Lanka dairy industry and the potentials, constraints and suggestions to improve it according to the perspective of an undergraduate of a Sri Lankan university who are studying Livestock and avian sciences.
The objective of a defined feeding management program is to supply a range of balanced diets that satisfy the nutrient requirements at all stages of development & that optimize efficiency and profitability without compromising bird welfare or the environment.
Drafting Embryo Transfer Contracts for Livestock ProducersCari Rincker
This presentation was prepared for the Texas Bar Agriculture Law Conference in Lubbock, Texas at Texas Tech University. It is focused on embryo transfer contracts for the cattle industry (both beef and dairy).
New Approaches for Enhancing Phosphorus Use Efficiency (PUE).pdfS G Sarowar
Phosphorus is an essential primary nutrient for plant growth and is a critical component of fertilizers.
However, it is a finite resource, and concerns have been raised about the depletion of high-quality
phosphate rock reserves, which are the primary source of phosphorus for fertilizer production.
Phosphorus is an exception, as it exists as an anion but has low water solubility, making it relatively
immobile in the soil (Roberts and Johnston, 2015). Phosphorus use efficiency can vary depending on
factors like soil conditions, crop varieties, and agricultural practices. Fixation of broadcasted P is much
greater than the fertilizer applied in bands because of less contact with P fixing ingredients (Rehim et
al., 2012). The PUE is very low in alkaline soil due to fixation with calcium or magnesium ions which
reduces the P availability to the plants. Coating of phosphorus fertilizers with organic acids can improve
the PUE without harming the environment (Mohan and Malarvizhi, 2020). Biochar application
improves crop productivity through enhancing water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity (CEC),
adsorption of plant nutrients and creates suitable condition for soil micro-organisms (Atkinson et al.,
2010). Rock phosphate if used as nano form it may increase availability of phosphorus to the plant
because direct application of rock phosphate nano particles on the crop may prevent fixation in the soil
similarly there is no silicic acid, iron and calcium for fixation of the phosphorus hence it increase
phosphorus availability to the crop plants (Qureshi et al., 2018). Microbial Inoculants in the rhizosphere have been known as System of INM. The fixed or relatively unavailable
fraction of P may be distributed to proportionally more labile fractions, which can be taken up by the
plants, as a result of PSM (Phosphorus Solubilizing Microbes) application. In case of Ultisols of India,
there is very little information on the pattern of P release into soil solution due to microbial
solubilization of fixed soil P (Alam et al., 2021). Product coated with polyvinyl alcohol @2% coating released P gradually that synchronized well with the plant P demand and resulted in greater
biomass yield, P uptake and recovery by wheat than that of liquid paraffin and 3% level of coating. It
can be concluded that novel technology of controlled release RP formulations using different coating
agents could be exploited commercially as the alternative to water soluble P-fertilizers for enhancing P
use efficiency (Sarkar et al., 2018). Polymer coating has been found more effective than other fertilizer
encapsulation technologies. In case of polymer coated fertilizers (PCFs), the shelf life and efficiency of
nutrients is higher. Keeping this in view polymer coated DAP was formulated, and a field study was
conducted with aims to compare the effectiveness of polymer coated DAP and commercial DAP for
improving growth, yield and PUE of wheat (Ali et al., 2017)
Farm animals have well known zones of thermal comfort (ZTC). The range of ZTC is primarily dependent on the species, the physiological status of the animals, the relative humidity and velocity of ambient air, and the degree of solar radiation. Economic losses are incurred by the U.S. livestock industries because farm animals are raised in locations and/or seasons where temperature conditions venture outside the ZTC. The objective of this presentation is to provide current estimates of the economic losses sustained by major U.S. livestock industries from thermal stress and to outline future challenges as animal productivity is improved. Species (production) considered are: chicken (meat), chicken (eggs), turkey (meat), cattle (meat), cattle (milk), and pig (meat).
http://www.extension.org/pages/67799/current-and-future-economic-impact-of-heat-stress-in-the-us-livestock-and-poultry-sectors
For Post graduate study of Physical Chemistry of Soil. Hand written notes describing Ion Exchange, Donnan Membrane Equilibrium, Diffuse double layer, Surface properties, Cation exchange, Anion and ligand exchange, Q/I studies etc.taught at BCKV at PG level (2nd Semester)
The Role of Micro-Organisms in the Decomposition of Organic Matter and the Re...KNRaghvani
This is a presentation about the role of micro-organisms in the decay of bodies etc. for the purposes of A2 biology edexcel unit 4.
a way of revising
information collected from the a2 snab textbook and other online resources
enjoy!
Presentation by Steve Diver from the 2012 Resilient Farmer Workshop at the Kerr Center's Cannon Horticulture Plots in Poteau, Oklahoma. Cover crops, soil organic matter, soil food web
J.Miguel Barea - La era de la biotecnología microbiana en la agriculturaFundación Ramón Areces
Los días 20 y 21 de mayo de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó el Simposio Internacional 'Microorganismos beneficiosos para la agricultura y la protección de la biosfera' dentro de su programa de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia.
Lucent Bio has solved the micronutrient delivery problem.
Soileos is a soil-applied, smart crop nutrition delivery system. It enhances yields, crop resilience, and soil health with on-time nutrient delivery and sustained
bioavailability, allowing the crop to maximize its genetic potential. Lucent Bio’s patented technology upcycles cellulose derived from crop processing residues such as lentil, pea, or rice husks into a sustainable delivery agent for nutrients.
Soileos is a dry granular product of a similar size and weight to conventional dry granular products. Unlike conventional products, Soileos’ organic substrate means soil organic carbon levels are enhanced through its use. The net result is higher crop yields, improved nutrient density, and healthier soils with higher carbon.
This whitepaper contains the results of research on Soileos by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to declare the mode of action and the interaction with the soil
microbiome with a focus on microbial activity.
It was found that Soileos triggers an increase in microbial biomass due to the biologically available source of carbon—cellulose—a core component of Soileos.
Nutrients are delivered from Soileos to the crop using the symbiotic relationships between soil microbes and plants. The microbial community consumes the bioavailable carbon and begins to cycle, releasing the micronutrients back into the ecosystem in a bioavailable form ready for crop uptake. Research has also demonstrated that soil treated with Soileos results in minimal leaching, even at
high application, proving that Soileos is environmentally safe.
Soileos provides a climate-smart solution for nutrient management in modern farming practices.
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane production have a tremendous impact on climate change, microbes play a key role in the production and control of these gases
At Taste Of Middle East, we believe that food is not just about satisfying hunger, it's about experiencing different cultures and traditions. Our restaurant concept is based on selecting famous dishes from Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, and other Arabic countries to give our customers an authentic taste of the Middle East
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
13. m
rudy
garcia
2012
Soil Macroaggregates: formed by a healthy soil
healthy
Coarse Sand: 1.0 - 0.5 mm
Med. Sand: 0.5 - 0.25 mm
Fine Sand: 0.25 - 0.10 mm
Silt: 0.05 - 0.002 mm
Clay: < 0.002 mm
Med.
Sand
Fine sand
Soil Microaggregates: consisting of silt, clay,
humus, iron & aluminum oxides, lime (i.e.,
depending on soil pH), precipitated
minerals (e.g. calcium phosphate).
Root Hairs: 0.01- 0.05 mm dia.
Soil Microaggregates: < 0.25 mm dia.
(Large Aggregates: > 2 – 5 mm dia.)
Fine feeder root:
(≈ 0.3 mm dia.)
Mycorrhizal fungi:
(0.002 – 0.007 mm dia.) Hyphae
can grow 5 – 15 cm from the
root. Glomalin coats &
aggregates the soil particles.
Water held
between the aggregates.
Soil
Pore
(RH ≈ 100%)
Bacterial Colonies
(Bacteria:
0.0005 - 0.005 mm dia.)
(3.2 mm ≈ 1/8 inch) m m
Micropores
(< 0.06 mm
dia.)
Particulate
Organic
Matter
Rhizosphere
(Ref. NRCS Soil Quality Indicators)
RH=Relative
Humidity
Rhizosphere
Sand
Coarse
Sand
The Blue
background is
water held in
the aggregate.
Clay
coating
on sand.
14. 85% to 90% of plant nutrient acquisition is
mediated by microbes
without microbes plants starve unless we
fertilize them
without plants microbes starve
microbes feed on liquid carbon
Liquid carbon pathway regenerates soil
16. C ~ 60%
N ~ 6-8%
P ~ 1-2%
S ~ 0.8-1.5%
Organo-mineral complex
(ie carbon plus minerals)
17. non labile (stable) carbon -resistant to
breakdown by microbes
increases water holding capacity, increases
structural stability and increases resiliency
increases macro and micro minerals -
improving nutrient density
all by increasing photosynthetic capacity and
rate
20. Increase photosynthetic rate - reduce
synthetic N and P, increased availability of N
and P displaces the microbes that synthesize N
and P, the increase in N changes C:N ratio lead
to reduction of carbon while microbes
breakdown nitrogen,
Nitrogen has to be biologically fixed in order
to sequester carbon in stable form
21.
22. When the liquid carbon pathway is
operating largest increases in soil carbon
will around the actively growing roots
(usually at 30 to 40cm depth).
Versus
Surface carbon is labile carbon.
25. 1. Minimize soil disturbance - tillage
2. Keep soil covered 24/7
3. Living roots as long as possible
4. Diversity
5. Integrate livestock
6. Manage Farmscape for other ecological services -
pollinators, wildlife, community
34. Nutrient cycle – more microbial diversity and
more nutrition in food
Fruit and Soil Quality of Organic and
Conventional Strawberry Agroecosystems
John P. Reganold et al, Plos September 1, 2010 DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0012346
Soil Ecology and Ecosystem Services, Oxford
Press 2012 Edited Diana H Wall et al, Chapter
3.3 Antunes et al.
35. Nutrient cycle - soil bacteria genes transfer to
gut biome and aid digestion
Transfer of carbohydrate-active enzymes
from marine bacteria to Japanese gut
microbiota
Jan-Hendrik Hehemann et al. Nature 464,
908-912 (8 April 2010)
37. Immunity cycle Loss of biodiversity increases
incidence of asthma and allergies, including
depression
SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Farm living: effects on
childhood asthma and allergy
Erika von Mutius & Donata Vercelli Nature
Reviews Immunology 10, 861-868 (December
2010) - Dr Erika von Mutius, Asthma and Allergy
Dept. Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital
University of Munich, Germany.
38. Mood cycle LOVE - Mycobacterium vaccae, soil
bacterium used in cancer treatment found to
lower depression
ingested stimulates release of serotonin –
antidepressant
More diversity of microbes = more happiness
Happy Farmers – Happy Food
39. crop/soil management that maintains or improves
the function of microbes and ability to facilitate
microbial synthesis of nutrients - inoculation and/or
mediating with management for endemic microbes
for enhanced crop nutrient
crop breeding to recognize AM fungi responsiveness
- Dr Wendy Taheri PhD AM trained fungi taxonomy
- Terra Nimbus independent lab to screen seeds for
AM responsiveness