Eric Olson, Brandeis University
Biodiversity contributes significantly to our resilience and quality of life. Eric Olson addresses the presence of countless non-native species of plants and animals in our cities, how we can take steps to re-establish healthy ecological species relationships one yard at a time, and how our local climate can benefit.
Presented at the Urban and Suburban Carbon Farming to Reverse Global Warming conference at Harvard University on May 3, 2015, organized by Biodiversity for a Livable Climate.
www.bio4climate.org
HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM STUDY, 52nd ANNUAL COOPERATORS' MEETING, Woodstock NH, Wednesday, 8 JULY 2015. Session l: Multiple Element Limitation Study Moderator: Ruth Yanai. Mychorrhizal preference change in aspen: AM vs. EM and N vs. P
Austin Frewert and Jalina Pannafino, SUNY ESF
This study evaluates Ectomycorrhizal colonization in the different treatment plots by counting the number of EM root tips to determine if EM colonization is less pronounced with fertilization. Both Ectomycorrhizae and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae are evaluated on the root tips of Aspen in treatment plots where it is present.
HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM STUDY, 52nd ANNUAL COOPERATORS' MEETING, Woodstock NH, Wednesday, 8 JULY 2015. Session l: Multiple Element Limitation Study Moderator: Ruth Yanai. Does CaSiO2 enhance soil respiration, fine root production, or microbial activity?
Tyler Sadutto, MELNHE,
Soil respiration is thought to decrease within increasing nutrient availability regardless of the element. This study examines the response of soil respiration to an addition of wollastonite by using LI-COR 8100.
Eric Olson, Brandeis University
Biodiversity contributes significantly to our resilience and quality of life. Eric Olson addresses the presence of countless non-native species of plants and animals in our cities, how we can take steps to re-establish healthy ecological species relationships one yard at a time, and how our local climate can benefit.
Presented at the Urban and Suburban Carbon Farming to Reverse Global Warming conference at Harvard University on May 3, 2015, organized by Biodiversity for a Livable Climate.
www.bio4climate.org
HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM STUDY, 52nd ANNUAL COOPERATORS' MEETING, Woodstock NH, Wednesday, 8 JULY 2015. Session l: Multiple Element Limitation Study Moderator: Ruth Yanai. Mychorrhizal preference change in aspen: AM vs. EM and N vs. P
Austin Frewert and Jalina Pannafino, SUNY ESF
This study evaluates Ectomycorrhizal colonization in the different treatment plots by counting the number of EM root tips to determine if EM colonization is less pronounced with fertilization. Both Ectomycorrhizae and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae are evaluated on the root tips of Aspen in treatment plots where it is present.
HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM STUDY, 52nd ANNUAL COOPERATORS' MEETING, Woodstock NH, Wednesday, 8 JULY 2015. Session l: Multiple Element Limitation Study Moderator: Ruth Yanai. Does CaSiO2 enhance soil respiration, fine root production, or microbial activity?
Tyler Sadutto, MELNHE,
Soil respiration is thought to decrease within increasing nutrient availability regardless of the element. This study examines the response of soil respiration to an addition of wollastonite by using LI-COR 8100.
Presentation by Steve Diver from the 2012 Resilient Farmer Workshop at the Kerr Center's Cannon Horticulture Plots in Poteau, Oklahoma. Cover crops, soil organic matter, soil food web
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
Managing vegetation for multiple benefit outcomes – Diagnosis and Prognosis Richard Thackway
A framework for evaluating changes in extent and condition of woody native vegetation communities in the Murray Darling Basin. An approach for developing scenarios for future landscape transformation to enhance native vegetation communities
Land and Soil Issues in Africa: Disturbance, succession and the promise of ec...FAO
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/en/
Presentation by Tim Crews (The Land Institute) describing soil-related challenges for crop production and research on the benefits of perennials vs. annuals to enhance soil characteristics. The presentation was delivered in occasion of the “Putting Perennial crops to work in practice” workshop in Bamako, Mali (1-5 September 2015).
Presentation by Steve Diver from the 2012 Resilient Farmer Workshop at the Kerr Center's Cannon Horticulture Plots in Poteau, Oklahoma. Cover crops, soil organic matter, soil food web
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
Managing vegetation for multiple benefit outcomes – Diagnosis and Prognosis Richard Thackway
A framework for evaluating changes in extent and condition of woody native vegetation communities in the Murray Darling Basin. An approach for developing scenarios for future landscape transformation to enhance native vegetation communities
Land and Soil Issues in Africa: Disturbance, succession and the promise of ec...FAO
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/en/
Presentation by Tim Crews (The Land Institute) describing soil-related challenges for crop production and research on the benefits of perennials vs. annuals to enhance soil characteristics. The presentation was delivered in occasion of the “Putting Perennial crops to work in practice” workshop in Bamako, Mali (1-5 September 2015).
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs John Blue
Soil biological Response to BMPs - Alan Sundermeier, OSU Extension, and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Enhancing the roles of ecosystem services in agriculture: agroecological prin...FAO
Presentation from Etienne Hainzelin from CIRAD, describing the principles of agroecological systems and the role of research within these. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition, held at FAO in Rome on 18-19 September 2014.
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils: The “4 per mil” programExternalEvents
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils: The “4 per mil” program presented by Hervé Saint Macary, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
Soil health for sustainable production intensification some perspectivesSri Lmb
Prof Amir Kassam provided insights on soil health and related it to the sustainable production at Regional Review and Planning Workshop 2017, Hanoi, Vietnam
Resources and its classification, Natural Resources and associated problems, forest resources, water resources, mineral resources, energy resources, soil resources, ecosystem.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2.
Soil Health is Key to Sustainability:
Physical/Chemical/Biological
Cover Crops: Tools for sustainability
Ag Revolution: new interest in / applications
of soil health lead by “rock star farmers”
Positive Environmental Impacts: Carbon
sequestration, energy efficiency, cleaner
water, better food, fewer chemicals
Main Points
3.
Farmer = Ecologist. Managing Millions of
“Moving Parts”:
both above and below ground
1. Plants: Crops , forages , green manures,
weeds.
2. Animals: Cattle, wildlife, soil fauna.
3. Microbes: Pathogens, soil food web
4. Physical /chemical environment: Weather,
soil structure, texture, pH, fertility.
4.
Typical dung beetle in cow manure
Buries
manure
Conserves
Nitrogen and
other
nutrients
Keystone Species: a Dung Beetle
12.
Absorb, hold and release water
Breath -- exchange gases
Cycle nutrients - mineralization
Assimilate carbon into SOM
Resist raindrop erosion
Allow root penetration
Suppress pathogens
Sustain genetic diversity
A Healthy Soil Will….
13.
Soils from the rotation plots after drying.
25 yrs of
conventional
tillage corn.
1.2 % SOM
20 yrs of
bluegrass, then 5
yrs conventional
corn. 2.0% SOM
14.
Organic v Conventional: False Choice
The agricultural cropping efficiency (ACE)
The agricultural cropping efficiency (ACE) coefficient is defined as the total
sweet corn yield per unit of pollutant lost, with greater coefficient values
indicating higher yields with less pollution. Normalized to No-
Till/Conventional
SWEET CORN
PRODUCTION SYSTEM
(North Carolina)
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
EROSION
(SEDIMENT
LOSS)
TOTAL
PHOSPHORUS
TOTAL
DISSOLVED
NITROGEN
2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012
CONV TILL /Conventional 2b 6c 6c 17b 16b 24
CONV TILL /Organic 4b 10b 4c 9b 14b 44
NO-TILL /Organic 37a 16b 14b 11b 26b 33
NO-TILL /Conventional 100a 100a 100a 100a 100a 100
P value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.05 >0.05
Edgell, J., D.L. Osmond, D.E. Line, G.D. Hoyt, J.M. Grossman, and E.M. Larsen. 2015. Comparison of surface water quality and
yields from organically and conventionally produced sweet corn plots with conservation and conventional tillage. J Envir Qual.
15.
Planting
Cover crops can utilize
otherwise wasted resources
The sun shines, the rain falls and microbes work 10-12 months a year,
but this typical Indiana grain farm captures only 3-4 months of this
activity.
Harvest
16.
Cover Crops Liberate Farmers from
Market Dictates on What to Plant
1. Cool season
grasses
2. Cool season
Legumes
3. Cool season
Brassicas
4. Warm season
grasses
5. Warm season
legumes
6. Warm season
broadleaves
18. Following winter cover crop
No winter cover crop
Water dynamics: usually bio-drilling combined with
surface mulch can be a water life saver during summer!
Comparison on PA farm of
Steve Groff, a leading no-till
cover cropper.
20. Bouwman, L.A., and W.B.M. Arts. 2000. Effects of soil compaction on the relationships between
nematodes, grass production and soil physical properties. Applied Soil Ecology 14:213-222.
Compaction tripled plant parasite nematodes
(herbivores) but didn't change total nematodes
Reclaimed polder
with calcareous
sandy loam (30% silt,
5% OM) dug 60 cm
deep, compacted and
planted to perennial
ryegrass.
21. Investigating roots with fiber optic camera:
minirhizotron
Bio-drilling- the cover crop
answer to compaction
22. 45 cm2
Chen and Weil, unpublished
Roots of corn
following rye,
radish or no
winter cover
crop
Compacted
layer
Plow depth
23. Another major cover crop
function:
enhanced nutrient management
Reduce losses
Enhance availability
Add nitrogen
Recover deep nutrients
25. Unpublished data of Weill and Fisher
By March-April, radishes are long dead and its residue is
mainly gone, but its nitrogen capture effects are still evident.
26.
27. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
No cover Oat Radish Rad + Oat
Fresh
spinach,
Mg/ha
Roto tilled
No-till
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Organic no-till,
no-herbicide
veggies using
cover crops
Lounsbury, N.P., and R.R. Weil. 2015. No-till seeded spinach after winterkilled cover
crops in an organic production system. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30:1-13.
28. No-till corn, after radish cover crop
No-till corn, after rye cover crop
Nitrogen captured in fall can reduce the need
for fertilizer in spring
29. Example of more advanced cover cropping:
Zoned cover crop mixtures
Photo by Natalie Lounsbury