This document provides information on the advance production technology of walnuts. It discusses the botanical details, nutritional value, varieties, propagation, climate requirements, soil type, training, pruning, flowering, bearing, and pest and disease management of walnuts. The key points covered are that walnuts are best propagated through grafting or budding, require well-drained soil and a moderate climate, and mature grafted plants will bear nuts within 4-5 years whereas seedlings take 10-15 years to fruit. Management practices such as irrigation, fertilization, pruning and pest control are important to maximize yield and quality of the walnut crop.
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Pract no. 9 (b) floral biology of mangotusharamodugu
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L.
Common Names: Mamidi, Am
Chromosome number : 2n = 2x = 40
The origin of mango is Indo – Burma region.
In India Mango is acclaimed as “King of fruits”.
Floral Biology :
Inflorescence :
Inflorescence is a large and terminal panicle.
The branching of the inflorescence is usually tertiary, rarely quaternary, but the ultimate branching is always cymose.
The mango inflorescence or panicle bears mainly two types of flowers – male and hermaphrodite.
The panicle bear 500-6000 flowers of which 1-70% are bisexual, remaining are male depending on the cultivar and temperature during its development. The percentage of perfect flowers varies between 0.74 per cent in Rumani, 16.41 to 55.7 per cent in Neelum and up to 69.8 per cent in Langra.
Pract no. 9 (b) floral biology of mangotusharamodugu
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L.
Common Names: Mamidi, Am
Chromosome number : 2n = 2x = 40
The origin of mango is Indo – Burma region.
In India Mango is acclaimed as “King of fruits”.
Floral Biology :
Inflorescence :
Inflorescence is a large and terminal panicle.
The branching of the inflorescence is usually tertiary, rarely quaternary, but the ultimate branching is always cymose.
The mango inflorescence or panicle bears mainly two types of flowers – male and hermaphrodite.
The panicle bear 500-6000 flowers of which 1-70% are bisexual, remaining are male depending on the cultivar and temperature during its development. The percentage of perfect flowers varies between 0.74 per cent in Rumani, 16.41 to 55.7 per cent in Neelum and up to 69.8 per cent in Langra.
Effects of Climatic Condition on Off-season Mangosteen Production in Phatthal...Orca Whale
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of climate change (i.e. change in
rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, number of rainy days) on mangosteen
production in Phatthalung province, Thailand. The trend of rainfall maximum temperature
minimum temperature and average temperature increase but the number of rainy days decreases
during the 30 years. A change in the distribution of rainfall affects the phenological of flowering,
productivity and quality of fruit each year is different. The mangosteen flowered in in-season and
off-season when there was a period of drought before the flowering season but in 2010 found high
rainfall and the drought period not enough in July and August. The mangosteens are no inducing
flowering and have flushing. The pattern of distribution of rainfall in the year 2009 is suitable for
flowering and fruit quality. Carbohydrate intake is non significant difference, but an increasing
trend in the growth prior to flowering of plants. The mangosteen has been used in the growth of the
flower and development fruit. Nitrogen is different in a statistically significant and tends to
decrease when the flowering and flushing. The ratio between carbohydrates and nitrogen is
indicative of the growth and during the flowering stage. The ratio of the two will decrease as the
plants in the flowering. Quality productivity and production yields increases or decreases are
consistent with the drought period before flowering of mangosteen and distribution of rainfall.
This must the discovery of the decade. Walnut shells are used to purify water from any sort of Contamination and has been a blessing for the Oil & Gas Sector.
Peach is the temperate region fruit crops.The cultivation of peach requires some specific climatic conditions. It requires some chilling hours to break the dormancy and to become fruit ful. In this presentation, you will get the detail information of ideal peach cultivation, high density planting in peach and much more.
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Carrots that are rich in vitamin A is a great source of dietary supplement .It can be cultivated very easily at temperate regions by following the proper cultivation techniques.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
walnut production technology
1.
2. “Advance Production Technology
of Walnut ”
Submitted to Submitted by
Dr. M. J. Patel Pawan Kumar Nagar
Associate Professor M.Sc. Fruit Science
Dept. of Horticulture. Dept. of Horticulture.
BACA, AAU, ANAND BACA, AAU, ANAND
3.
4. WALNUT
Overview of Walnut
Botanical Name : Juglance regia
Family : Juglandaceae
Centre of Origin : Central Asia
Chromosome No. : 2n= 32
Sex Form : Monoecious
Infloresccence : Catkin
Growth Curve : Double Sigmoid
Fruit Type : Nut
Edible Part : Cotyledon
Bearing : Axillary old Branches
5. WALNUT conti..
Propagation : Patch Budding
Type of Dichogamy : Heterostyly
Chilling Req. : 200-800 hours
Nature of fruit : Non-Climecteric
Nature of Plant : Decidous & 10-40 m. tall
Energy : 687 calory
Mode of Pollination : Cross pollination
Mechanism of Poll. : Anemophyllous (Wind)
Species-
Butter nut : J. cenaria
Heart nut : J. cordiformis
J. nigra, J. hindsi
6. WALNUT conti..
Training System : Modified Central leader
Acid Present : Ascorbic & Omega 3 F.A.
Rootstock : Paradox
Dichogamy : Prtoandry
Harvesting : Aug.-Sept.
Protien : 14-20%
Fat : 60-70%
Largest Producer is USA (70% of world)
India stands 8th in production
Wallnut have Allelopathic Effect
7. INTRODUCTION
Walnut (Juglans sp.) is the most important temperate nut fruit
of the country.
It is grown in jammu and Kasmir, Uttar Pradesh and Himachal
Pradesh.
There are no regular orchards of walnuts in country because
the existing planting are generally of seedling origin.
The seedling trees attain giant size and start bearing nuts of
variable size and shape after 10-15 years,
whereas vegetatively propagated plants are true to type and
produce almost uniform sized nuts after 4-5 years. They
remain within manageable size.
But the major constraint is low success in vegetative
propagation. Limited availability of scion material from desired
tree results in very few vegetatively propagated plants.
Most valuable Exchange Earning nut crop.
8. Species and classification
Sect. Juglans. Leaves large (20-45 cm) with 5-9 broad leaflets, hairless , margins entire. Wood hard. Southeast
Europe to central Asia.
Juglans regia L. (J. duclouxiana Dode, J. fallax Dode, J. orientis Dode) - Persian Walnut, Carpathian, or
Common Walnut
Juglans sigillata Dode - Iron Walnut (doubtfully distinct from J. regia)
Sect. Rhysocaryon. Leaves large (20-50 cm) with 11-23 slender leaflets, finely pubescent, margins serrated. Wood
hard. North America, South America.
Juglans australis Griseb. (J. boliviana Dode) - Argentine Walnut
Juglans brasiliensis Dode - Brazilian Walnut
Juglans californica S.Wats. - California Walnut
Juglans hindsii (Jepson) R.E.Smith - Hinds' Walnut
Juglans hirsuta Manning - Nuevo Leon Walnut
Juglans jamaicensis C.DC. (J. insularis Griseb.) - West Indies Walnut
Juglans major (Torrey) Heller (J. arizonica Dode, J. elaeopyron Dode, J. torreyi Dode) - Arizona Walnut
Juglans major var. glabrata Manning
Juglans microcarpa Berlandier (J. rupestris Engelm.) - Texas Walnut or Little Walnut
Juglans microcarpa var. stewartii (Johnston) Manning
Juglans mollis Engelm. - Mexican Walnut
Juglans neotropica Diels (J. honorei Dode) - Andean Walnut
Juglans nigra L. - Black Walnut
Juglans olanchana Standl. & L.O.Williams -
Juglans peruviana Dode - Peruvian Walnut
Juglans soratensis Manning -
Juglans steyermarkii Manning - Guatemalan Walnut
Juglans venezuelensis Manning - Venezuela Walnut
Sect. Cardiocaryon. Leaves very large (40-90 cm) with 11-19 broad leaflets, softly downy, margins serrated. Wood
soft. Northeast Asia, eastern North America.
Juglans ailantifolia Carr. (J. cordiformis Maxim., J. sieboldiana Maxim.) - Japanese Walnut
Juglans cinerea L. - Butternut
Juglans mandshurica Maxim. (J. cathayensis Dode, J. formosana Hayata, J. hopeiensis Dode, J. stenocarpa
Maxim.) - Manchurian Walnut or Chinese Walnut.
9. NUTRITIONAL VALUE
Excellent source of Proteins (14-20%)
Excellent source of Fats (60-70%)
Rich in Omega 3, vitamin B and E, fibres and trace elements;
High energetic value;
Highly recommended to athletes;
Immature fruits are rich in Ascorbic acid.
There’s already a Canadian and world market for Walnuts
Walnut have high Anti-oxidant content(vitamin-E)
10. Sl.No Content Amount/100g
1 Water 3.5 %
2 Protein 14.8 g
3 Fat 64.0 g
4 Carbohydrate 15.8 g
5 Fibre 2.1 g
6 Ash 1.9 g
7 Calcium 99 mg
8 Phosphorus 380 mg
9 Iron 3.1 mg
10 Sodium 2 mg
11 Potassium 450 mg
12 Magnesium 131 mg
13 Vitamin A 30 I.U *
14 Thiamine 0.33 mg
15 Riboflavin 0.13 mg
16 Niacin 0.9 mg
17 Vitamin C 2 mg
NUTRITIONAL VALUE
11. USES AND COMPOSITION
Walnut kernel (the edible portion) is very rich in protein, fat
and minerals and is a concentrated source of energy.
The walnut kernels are used for dessert purposes in
confectionery and for extraction of oil and as a dry fruit.
Immature fruits are used for making pickles, chutneys,
marmalades, juice and syrups.
Walnut oil is used for edible purposes, artist oil colours,
varnishes and soap making.
Walnut shell flour is used as ingredient in plastic pillers,
battery cases, moulding resin forms, industrial tile and as
insecticide spreader.
Walnut timber is used for furniture, carving and making butts
of guns.
12. CLIMATE
Climate
highly sensitive to the extremes of winter and summer
temperatures as well as to its duration.
climate which is free from frost in spring and from extreme
beat in summer.
A temperature of even 2 or 3 degree below freezing point (0oC)
kills leaves, shoots and flowers and thus resulting into a crop
failure.
High temperature of about 38°C causes sun-burning of hulls
and shriveling of kernels resulting sometimes in empty nuts.
An annual rainfall of about 80 cm is considered sufficient for
the cultivation of walnut which can be supplemented drier
regions with irrigations, particularly for young plants.
13. SOIL
Soil
A well drained, deep sill loam soil containing an abundance of
organic matter is the most suitable for walnut cultivation.
Soil analysis of top soil and sub-soil is also essential as the
walnut requires a fertile and well drained top soil and the
sub-soil should be free from solid rock, impervious clay or
gravel layers which restrict root growth.
A soil depth of 2-3 metres give the best results, because
walnut roots penetrate up to a depth of about three metres.
It requires a soil pH of neutral range i.e. 6 to 7.
14. VARIETIES
Varieties
All walnut trees in India are of seedling origin, thus no
standard named varieties exist. However, a large number of
cultivars have been evolved in the USA which is the main
walnut exporting country of tile world. Description of some
important varieties are given here.
I. Hartley
It is one of the most popular commercial cultivars of
California. It is a selection from a seedling. The nuts are large
with broad flat base and pointed tip. The shell is light
coloured, thin and seals well. The variety is tolerant to codling
moth and blight disease.
2. Payne
It is tile second leading cultivar of California which originated
as a seedling. Nut is medium to small in size with a good seal.
Trees are moderately vigorous, round in shape and require
heavy pruning to maintain vigour.
15. VARIETIES conti…
3. Franquette
It is an old and leading cultivar of France. Nut is small, good
shell seal and kernel is light. in colour. Tree is large and
upright in nature and is known for its late bud break thus
escaping injury from frost during late spring.
4. Serr
It was evolved from a cross of Payne X PI 159568. It is heavy
yielding and well adapted to warm conditions. The tree is very
vigorous and gives poor yield on very fertile soils. The kernel is
light in colour and good in quality. It is susceptible to codling
moth and blight disease.
5. Ashley
It is a high yielding, early bearing cultivar which requires
heavy pruning to keep the tree vigorous. Kernel is of high
quality, good in flavour and light tan in colour. This variety is
unsuitable for high rainfall areas due to blight problem.
17. PROPAGATION
Propagation
Walnut can be propagated either by seed or by vegetative
methods. Both of these methods are described here.
1. Seed propagation- Healthy and disease free seeds should be
selected for sowing. They may be sown in lines 50 cm apart
and the seed to seed distance should be kept at 25 cm.
Sowing is done during mid-November to mid-January
depending on the altitude and temperature. it is advisable
to avoid propagation by seed because the plants which are
grown by this method take a very long time (10 to 12 years)
to begin fruiting and the plant characteristics may also not
be true to type.
2. Vegetative propagation
Walnut can be propagated vegetatively by grafting, budding
and stooling.
18. PROPAGATION conti..
1. Grafting
Tongue or whip grafting, cleft and veneer grafting during February and early March have given good
results. Epicotyl grafting has also given encouraging success in tile propagation of walnut.
The best period for grafting is January -February. For propagating tile plants through veneer grafting,
5-6 month old scion wood of 15 cm is grafted on the rootstock of same thickness. The selected scion
wood should be defoliated 15 days prior to its detachment from the scion cultivars. The optimum
time for veneer grafting under mid -hill condition is July -August. One year old seedlings of hard
shelled walnut or black walnut can be used as rootstock. Scion for tongue grafting should always be
selected from the tree which has already started fruiting.
19. PROPAGATION conti..
2.Patch budding is generally practiced to propagate walnut
plants vegetatively. The best period for budding is May -June.
Scion should always be selected from the tree which has already
started fruiting.
20. PLANTING & IRRIGATION
Planting
Square system & Pits of 1.25 X 1.25 x 1.25 m size at a
distance of 10 X 10 m should be dug during September. The
pits should be filled up with orchard soil mixed with 50 kg
well rotten FYM, 150 g Aldrin dust, 150 g urea, 500 g each of
superphosphate and MOP. Walnut plantating in Dec.-Jan.
The plant should be well fixed in the soil and the adjoining
portion of scion and stock union should be at least 15 cm
above the ground surface. Watering should be done soon after
plantation. To protect the plant from collar rot it should be
treated with Dithane Z- 78 before planting.
Irrigation
Watering is very essential for the establishment of grafts and
young plants.. When the trees start bearing, irrigation should
be given from the time of fruit set till its maturity to reduce
the fruit drop and for better filling of nuts. When the trees are
grown under rainfed conditions and common irrigation
systems followed are flood, furrow, sprinkler and drip
irrigation.
21. Persian Walnut Planting Plan
Tree spacing 28' x 28' x 40' in a triangular pattern. Area = 1.1 Acres or 0.45 ha.
Gl, G2 and G3 are 3 different grafted cultivars totaling 60 trees
FUTURE FOLLOW UP
When trees crowd, remove the 30 trees in the even numbered walnut rows. Good trees can be tree
spaded into a new planting that will begin to bear in a few short years. Gl should be a prolific variety
like Lake to maximize the early year production
22.
23. TRAINING & PRUNING
Modified central leader system is most ideal for training since
it provides very good strength to its framework.
Trees should be trained on a single stem up to 1–2m, on which
5–6 scaffold branches should be retained at almost uniform
distance spirally.
Excess buds should be pinched during first year. Pruning is
not being practiced in our country, as almost entire plantation
is of seedling origin, attaining giant size which makes pruning
in later years almost impossible.
However with grafted plants, pruning is practicable which can
help increase the productivity and improve the quality.
Trees of seedling origin receive some kind of pruning while
harvesting by thrashing the limbs with wooden poles.
It is however a crude method which needs to be modified.
24. MANURES & FERTILIZERS
Use the following guide below as a indicative amount of NPK for
the walnut
in the absent of plant and soil nutrients analysis information:
Year N Dose (g/tree) Location: circle around the tree (m)
1 100 0.5
2 200 1.0
3 300 1.5
4 400 2.0
5-7 500 2.5
7-9 600 3.0
>10 900 3.0
• In the first five years, place small amounts (about 100 g) of P
and K per tree.
From fifth year up to full production, apply 40-80 kg/ha of P
and 60-100kg/ha of K based on soil fertility and plant vigour.
27. BEARING
Self – fertile, but dichogamous Pollen release from male
flowers dosen’t coincide with bloom of female flowers Pollinizer
needed
Age to commercial bearing 6-10 yrs
Tree density at full production 30-50 trees/ acre
Peaches often interplanted for first 10-15 years
28. A green husk surrounds the nut of
the English Walnut. The husk
naturally splits at the time of
ripening to release the nut
33. Inside of a Persian Walnut nut with green outer layer
visible in the top left corner
34. The shell of the English walnut is light brown, hard, and bumpy. It is
roughly oval and tapers at the bottom. The shell has an vertical seam
dividing it into two halves.
35. Walnut meats have a lobbed and wrinkled appearance. The outside is
golden brown and the inside white to light brown. Inside each shell are
two nuts, separated by a thin, paper-like layer. Each nut meat
resembles a butterfly or wings, with two flared lobes joined by a smaller
centre section. Walnuts can be confused with pecans, but pecans look
more like a brain than wings
36. English walnut trees grow 40 to 60 feet in height and width and have an rounded to
spreading shape to their canopy.
38. The leaf is composed of 5 to 9 leaflets, each reaching a length of 2 to 5 inches.
39. English walnut and Black walnut differ in the number of leaflets, the shape of the
leaflets, and the leaflet margin. black walnut leaves have a greater number of
leaflets (15-23) than English walnuts (5-9). English walnut leaflets have more oval
shaped leaves while black walnut leaves are generally smaller and narrower in
shape. Black Walnut leaflets have toothed margins while English walnut leaflet
margins are entire.
40. English walnut and Butternut have the same general leaf shape. They differ in the number of
leaflets, butternut has 11-19 leaflets, while English walnut has only 5-9. Also, butternut has a
toothed margin, while the leaf margin of the English walnut is entire.
41. Black walnut fruit is usually between two and three inches in diameter. The husk (shown
here) is rough and light green in color and forms the outer layer of protection for the nut
44. Walnuts are usually harvested when hull colour changes from
green to yellowish with cracks or when splitting starts at suture
from pedicel end. Nuts should be harvested at PTB stage (when
packing tissue turns brown). For better nut recovery, the
orchard floor should be cleaned and tarpaulin or polythene
sheets may be spread on the floor beneath trees prior to
knocking of the nuts. After harvesting, nuts should be properly
dehulled, washed and dried. In case nuts are not dried properly
there is every apprehension of mould development which
impairs the quality of the fruit.
In Himachal Pradesh harvesting commences from August and
extends up to last week of September, whereas in Kashmir
walnuts are harvested in September.
HARVESTING AND POST HARVESTMANAGEMENT
45. The shell is brown and wrinkled in appearance and and is the second layer of
protection for the nut. The nut is found inside the shell.
46. Black walnut trees are very large, ranging from 50 to 75 feet in height and width.
47. Walnut shoot cut longitudinally to show chambered pith. Scale in mm
48. Black walnut kernels are often used in the manufacturing of ice cream, commercial
baking, and candy making