DNA profiling involves analyzing variable segments of DNA that do not code for proteins between individuals. These variable segments contain differing numbers of repeated sequences that provide unique DNA fingerprints. The FBI standardizes the process to analyze 13 specific loci on various chromosomes. A person inherits one version of each locus from each parent, producing 28 unique DNA fragments. DNA profiling amplifies and tags these fragments with colored primers before electrophoresis separates and identifies the fragments to generate a unique DNA profile. Applications include identifying individuals, determining genetic mutations, and sequencing whole genomes.