The document discusses various aspects of plumbing systems, including water supply sources and distribution, direct and indirect water supply, sanitary systems, pipes, traps, and different plumbing system types. It provides descriptions and diagrams to explain direct and indirect water supply systems, the components of sanitary systems including soil, waste, vent and rainwater pipes, types of traps according to shape and use, and one-pipe, two-pipe, single stack, and fully ventilated one-pipe plumbing systems.

1. SUBMITTED BY:-
RIDDHESH RAJENDRA VARIK
15SA31 T.Y.B.ARCH
ST.WILFRED’S INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE

2. INDEX
SR.NO TITLE PAGE NO
1 WATER SUPPLY SOURCES 1
2 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 2
3 DIRECT WATER SUPPLY 3
4 INDIRECT WATER SUPPLY 4
5 SANITARY SYSTEM 5
6 PIPES 9
7 TRAPS 10
8 PLUMBING SYSTEMS 12
9 ONE PIPE SYSTEM 13
10 TWO PIPE SYSTEM 14
11 SINGLE STACK SYSTEM 16
12 FYLLY VENTILATED ONE PIPE SYSTEM 17

3. WATER SUPPLY
SOURCES &
PERCENTAGE
OF
WATER
1

4. WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
2

5. DIRECT WATER SUPPLY
 A DIRECT WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM IS ONE WHERE
THE RAISING MAIN FEEDS
DIRECTLY THE COLD
WATER TAPS AND A MULTI
POINT WATER HEATER.
 THE MAINS WATER COMES
IN VIA A RISING MAIN AND
DIRECTLY FEEDS ALL THE
COLD TAPS AND A MULTI
POINT WATER HEATER - SO
ALL THE TAPS AND OTHER
WATER FEEDS ARE AT
MAINS WATER PRESSURE.
3

6. INDIRECT WATER SUPPLY
 AN INDIRECT WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM IS THE MOST COMMON
TYPE FOUND IN MODERN
HOUSES.
 THE MAINS WATER COMES IN
VIA A RISING MAIN AND
DIRECTLY FEEDS AT LEAST ONE
COLD TAP AT THE KITCHEN SINK
WITH ‘POTABLE’ WATER (I.E.
WATER WHICH IS FIT FOR
DRINKING, COOKING ETC) AND
MAY ALSO FEED A WASHING
MACHINE, A SHOWER AND AN
OUTSIDE TAP ETC. THE RISING
MAIN ALSO FEEDS A STORAGE
TANK AT A HIGH POINT IN THE
BUILDING FROM WHERE THE
WATER IS FED TO ALL THE
OTHER TAPS ETC USING
GRAVITY.
4

7. SANITARY SYSTEM
IT IS THE
ARRANGEMENT
PROVIDED IN A HOUSE
OR BUILDING FOR
COLLECTING OR
CONVEYING WASTE
WATER THROUGH
DRAIN PIPES, BY
GRAVITY, TO JOIN
EITHER A PUBLIC
SEWER OR A
DOMESTIC SEPTIC
TANK IS TERMED AS
HOUSE DRAINAGE OR
BUILDING DRAINAGE.
5

8. 6

9. 7

10. 8

11.  SOIL PIPE: A SOIL PIPE IS A PIPE THROUGH WHICH HUMAN EXCRETA FLOWS.
 WATER PIPE: IT IS A PIPE WHICH CARRIES ONLY THE LIQUID WASTE. IT DOES NOT CARRY
HUMAN EXCRETA.
 VENT PIPE: IT IS A PIPE WHICH IS PROVIDED FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE VENTILATION OF
THE SYSTEM. A VENT IS OPEN AT TOP AND BOTTOM, TO FACILITATE EXIT OF FOUL GASES. IT
IS CARRIED AT LEAST ONE METER HIGHER THAN THE ROOF LEVEL.
 RAIN WATER PIPE: IT IS A PIPE WHICH CARRIES ONLY THE RAIN WATER.
 ANTI-SIPHONAGE PIPE: IT IS PIPE WHICH IS INSTALLED IN THE HOUSE DRAINAGE TO
PRESERVE THE WATER SEAL OF TRAPS.
 SOIL PIPE:100MM
 WASTE PIPE: HORIZONTAL:30-50MM
 WASTE PIPE: VERTICAL : 75MM
 RAINWATER PIPE : 75MM
 VENT PIPE: 50MM
PIPES
9

12. TRAPS
 A TRAP IS DEPRESSED OR BENT FITTING THAT, WHEN PROVIDED IN A DRAINAGE SYSTEM,
ALWAYS REMAINS FULL OF WATER, THUS MAINTAINING WATER SEAL.
 IT PREVENTS THE PASSAGE OF FOUL AIR OR GAS THROUGH IT, THOUGH IT ALLOWS THE
SEWAGE OR WASTE WATER TO FLOW THROUGH IT.
 THE DEPTH OF WATER SEAL IS THE VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN THE CROWN AND DIP
OF A TRAP.
 THE DEPTH OF WATER SEAL REPRESENTS ITS STRENGTH OR EFFECTIVENESS.
 GREATER THE DEPTH OF WATER SEAL MORE EFFECTIVE IS THE TRAP.
 THE DEPTH OF WATER SEAL VARIES FROM 25MM TO 75MM
 TYPES OF TRAPS
 ACCORDING TO SHAPE:
I. ‘P’ TRAP
II. ‘Q’ TRAP
III. ‘S’ TRAP
 ACCORDING TO USE:
I. FLOOR TRAP
II. GULLY TRAP
III. INTERCEPTING TRAPS
IV. GREASE TRAPS
10

13. TRAPS ACCORDING TO
SHAPE
11

14. PLUMBING SYSTEMS
 TWO-PIPE SYSTEM
 ONE-PIPE SYSTEM
 SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
 SINGLE STACK (PARTIALLY VENTILATED)
SYSTEM VENTILATED STACK SYSTEM
12

15. ONE PIPE SYSTEM
 IN THIS SYSTEM OF PLUMBING,
THE WASTES FROM ALL SOIL
APPLIANCES ARE CONNECTED
TO ONE MAIN PIPE WHICH IS
CONNECTED TO THE BUILDING
SEWER.
 GULLEY TRAPS AND WASTE
PIPES
 ARE COMPLETELY DISPENSED
WITH BUT ALL THE TRAPS OF
SOIL AND WASTE APPLIANCES
ARE ALL COMPLETELY
VENTILATED THROUGH A SINGLE
VENTILATING PIPE.
 THUS IT CONTAINS ONE SOIL-
CUM-WASTE PIPE AND ONE
VENTILATING PIPE FOR BOTH
SOIL AND WASTE APPLIANCES
13

16. TWO PIPE SYSTEM
 IN THIS SYSTEM OF PLUMBING, THE SOIL
AND THE WASTE PIPES ARE DISTINCT AND
SEPARATE, THE SOIL PIPES BEING
CONNECTED TO THE BUILDING DRAIN
DIRECT AND THE WASTE PIPES
CONNECTED TO THE BUILDING DRAIN
THROUGH A TRAPPED GULLEY.
 ALL TRAPS OF SOIL APPLIANCES ARE
COMPLETELY VENTILATED THROUGH A
SEPARATE VENTILATING PIPE.
 LIKEWISE TRAPS OF ALL WASTE
APPLIANCES ARE ALSO COMPLETELY
VENTILATED THROUGH A SEPARATE
VENTILATING PIPE. THUS IT CONTAINS ONE
SOIL PIPE, ONE WASTE PIPE AND TWO
VENTILATING PIPES.
14

17. Fig (2) Fig (3)
15

18. THE SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
 REDUCES THE COST OF SOIL AND WASTE
SYSTEMS.
 BRANCH VENT PIPES ARE NOT REQUIRED
 TO PREVENT LOSS OF TRAP WATER
SEALS:-
 THE TRAP WATER SEALS ON THE WASTE
TRAPS MUST BE 76 MM DEEP.
 THE SLOPES OF THE BRANCH PIPES ARE:
SINK AND BATH, 18 TO 19 MM/M; BASIN 20-
120 MM/M; WC 18 MM/M (MIN.).
 VERTICAL STACK AT 200 MM BELOW THE
CENTRE OF THE WC BRANCH
CONNECTION.
16

19. THE FULLY VENTILATED ONE-
PIPE SYSTEM
 A LARGE NUMBER OF
SANITARY APPLIANCES IN
RANGES.
 EACH TRAP WITH AN ANTI-
SIPHON OR VENT PIPE
CONNECTED TO THE
DISCHARGE PIPE IN DIRECTION
OF THE FLOW OF WATER AT A
POINT BETWEEN 75 - 450 MM
FROM TRAP CROWN.
 VENT STACK CONNECTED TO
THE DISCHARGE STACK NEAR
TO THE BEND TO REMOVE
COMPRESSED AIR AT THIS
POINT
17