Distillation is a process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on their boiling points. It involves heating the mixture to form vapors and then cooling the vapors to form separate liquids. Distillation has been used since ancient times and is widely used today in industries like petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Common applications include producing alcoholic beverages through fermentation and distillation of the resulting dilute ethanol solutions. Various types of distillation exist like batch, continuous, fractional, and vacuum distillation.

1. Distillation
Britto Samuel M
II Msc Biotechnology,
Department of Biotechnology
AVS College of Arts and Science ,
Salem.

2. Distillation
• Distillation is a process of separating the component from
a liquid mixture by evaporation and condensation.
• Distillation gives the expected component which we
expecting.
• Distillation of fermented products produces distilled
beverages with a high alcohol content, or separates out
other fermentation products for commercial value
• In short: “Distillation is the process of heating a liquid to
form its vapours and then condensing the vapour to form
the liquid

3. History
• Evidence of distillation comes from
Greek alchemists working in Alexandria in the 1st century
AD. Distilled water has been known since at least c. 200,
when Alexander of Aphrodisias described the process
• Clear evidence of the distillation of alcohol comes from
the
• The first book solely dedicated to the subject of distillation,
followed in 1512 by a much expanded version School of
Salerno in the 12th century process
• However, the pot is still widely used for the elaboration of
some fine alcohols such as cognac, Scotch
whisky, tequila and some vodkas.

4. Applications
• Distillation used mostly in 4 different areas:
* Laboratory scale
* Industrial distillation
* Distillation of herbs for perfumery and medicinal
* Food processing

5. Process of Distillation

6. Process of Distillation
• Heat observed by the water will get evaporation.
• When the evaporated gas forced to cool using
water reflux,
• the evaporated gas converted t liquid form and it
can be collected
• The End product will be pure and expected
component.

7. Few Types of Distillation
• 1.Batch distillation
• 2.Continuous distillation
• 3.Fractional distillation
• 4.Vacuum distillation
• 5.Zone distillation

8. Batch Distillation :
•Batch Distillation refers to the use
of distillation in batches
•batch distillation, which is mainly
used in specialty chemical,
biochemical, and pharmaceutical
industries;
• Batch distillation is the oldest
separation process and the most
widely used unit operation in the
batch industry. Batch distillation is
highly preferable to continuous
distillation when high-value-added,
low-volume chemicals must be
separated.

9. continuous distillation.
• continuous distillation, which is
primarily implemented in the
petrochemical and bulk chemical
industries
• In continuous distillation the feed is
constantly supplied to the column,
and the top and bottom products are
simultaneously obtained under a
steady-state operation. The upper
section of the feed point is referred
to as the rectifying section, as a low-
boiling temperature component is
enriched.

10. Batch Distillation

11. Continuous Distillation

12. Other Distillation Process

13. Industrial distillation
• Large scale industrial distillation applications
include both batch and continuous fractional,
vacuum, extractive, and steam distillation.

14. Industrially available CD

15. Distillation in food processing
• plant materials are allowed to ferment, producing a
dilute solution of ethanol in the process.
• Spirits such as whiskey and rum are prepared by
distilling these dilute solutions of ethanol.
• Components other than ethanol, including water,
esters, and other alcohols, are collected in the
condensate, which account for the flavor of the
beverage

16. Reference
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation
• https://www.google.co.in/url?
sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahU
KEwjGk8HxgIzOAhUI8mMKHcN0D8wQjxwIAw&url=http
%3A%2F%2Felseware.univ-pau.fr%2FMAINPAGEPUB
%2Fdistill
%2Findex.html&psig=AFQjCNEEQHbTIiS0lEi5Vv3--
xdL90BVFg&ust=1469446483189214
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxNfJLMNS4E

17. Questions ?

18. Thank You