Phonology is a branch of linguistic, closely related to phonetics. It studies the manner of organization and usage of the speech sounds in natural language

1. Discourse
Analysis and
Phonology
Presented by:
A. Najib Tuanany

2. Outline
Introduction
Pronunciation
Rhythm
Word stress and Prominence
Intonational units
Tones and their meanings
Key
Pitch across speakers
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3. Introduction
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Phonology is a branch of linguistic,
closely related to phonetics. It studies
the manner of organization and usage
of the speech sounds in natural
language
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4. ◎ According to Pennington &
Richards, Pronunciation is
important to determine correct
meaning of words.
◎ Pronunciation can cause
problem or difficulty in
understanding each other
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2 Pronunciation

5. ◎ Traditional pronunciation teaching has
found its strength in the ability of
linguists to segment the sounds of
language into discrete items called
phonemes which, when used in the
construction of words, procedure
meaningful contrasts with others
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Example: contrast phonemes /p/ and /b/
Pump and Bump
Pat and Bat, etc

6. Rhythm
Is segmental or phoneme based
prosodic – stress & intonation
Most of the people were visitors
A friend of mine has bought a boat
Rhythmicality of different
degrees in speeches of :
 Broadcast
 Fluent reading
 Speeches
 Monologues
 Ordinary conversation
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Word Stress and Prominence
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Stress
Refers to the degree of
force used in producing a
syllable. Word stree
appears in the citation
forms of words
Eg: “extraordinary”,
“mother”, etc
Prominence
 Syllables which stand
out in the flow of talk
 Because speaker has
uttered them with
greater intensity or
duration or pitch
duration
 Sentence stress is
also called ‘tonic’

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(the main stresses are underlined)
1.ACtually, she’s a japaNESE
2. a JApanese SHIP-owner’s been KIDnapped
3. i thought SHE was japanese, NOT HIM
 Interactive choice is important
 When we consider prominence in
discourse, we are considering the extent
to which speakers & listeners’ words
converge

9. INTONATIONAL UNIT
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Intonation is essential to interprete meaning e.g:
sarcasm, surprise, querry, teasing, etc
Haliday believes that speakers decide how to
segment information
According to linguists, intonation is related to
information structure of utterances
Can’t really be taught but the more you are exposed it, the
more conversant you are about the right intonation for
specific intention

10. “
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◎ /she WORKS for the Government/ --
the newsworthy focus was on
government
◎ /i KNOW the FACE/ but I CAN’t put
a NAME to it/-- on face and name
◎ /WHERE’s that FRIEND of yours/--
on friend

11. TONE
1. Intonational has grammatical function
2. Attitudinal Approaches
- Some intonations express surprise,
detachment, etc
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 Stress and intonation deal with attitudes,
moods and emotions
 Attitude an emotions are complex
combination of vocal cues, intonation,
kexis, context and non verbal behavior

12. KEY
A: /IS that COUsin of yours still here
SISter NOT my
B: /she’s my/ COUsin!
B contrary to A.
Sometimes, though, the pitch level
drops
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The relative level
of pitch can
move and are
interchangeable
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 The jump from high to low key is
important cues in management.
 (high key initiation)
 (low key ending)
WELL/ THAT’S IT then
THAT’S Finished

14. PITCH ACROSS SPEAKERS
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Matching or concord in pitch between speakers is a
phenomenon
Phonology is complex. Not straighforward pedagogy
Several parts of the system can be scrutinized
But the entire discourse is significance
Levels of choice of speakers
Importance of speaker’s choice
Changing role of participants in conversation

15. Thanks!
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