Before talking about feminism, we must talk about the word patriarchy which refers to any form of social power given disproportionately to men. The word patriarchy literally means the rule of the Male or Father.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, often known simply as Tom Jones, is a comic novel by the English playwright and novelist Henry Fielding. The novel is both a Bildungsroman and a picaresque novel.
Before talking about feminism, we must talk about the word patriarchy which refers to any form of social power given disproportionately to men. The word patriarchy literally means the rule of the Male or Father.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, often known simply as Tom Jones, is a comic novel by the English playwright and novelist Henry Fielding. The novel is both a Bildungsroman and a picaresque novel.
This paper investigated factors influencing students’ pronunciation. Pronunciation is one of the important aspects of the learning of English. When mastering English pronunciation, many non-native English speakers have difficulty pronouncing certain words that contain the phonemes not used in their native languages. This paper also reported several aspects that might influence pronunciation. The pronunciation aspect investigated in this research paper was the English interdental consonants [θ] and [ð], which are not available in the Indonesian language sound system. This qualitative research used interviews as a method for collecting primary data. The researchers interviewed twenty participants from the English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, related to the pronunciation of the two interdental consonant sounds. The findings showed that the mother tongue, age, and teacher instruction on target language exposures affected the ELESP students’ (mis)pronunciation. Pedagogical implications of the findings are English teachers can assist their students in overcoming pronunciation challenges involving the two interdental consonants and pronunciation textbook writers should provide more pronunciation practices focusing on [θ] and [ð] sounds.
Description of the subsystems of language and how teachers can draw on their knowledge of language and its subsystems to support ELs in their acquisition of language
Different intonation pattern is one of the factors affecting the learning of L2 pronunciation. The contrastive analysis of English-Persian intonation patterns has shown that both languages are similar in sentence-final intonation while they are different in incomplete sentences. To this end, this paper describes English-Persian intonation patterns to look at the differences and similarities of the two languages to improve the effectiveness of L2 learning.
A study on urdu speakers’ use of english stress patterns phonological variationMehranMouzam
The aim of this research paper is to study Urdu Speakers’ use of English Stress Patterns and their phonological variation from native speakers of Pakistani EFL learners. The stress patterns of English language are affected by the influence of L1Urdu speakers’ perception in Pakistan which ultimately influences English pronunciation and sometimes its meanings as well. It also results difficulties faced by learners in our class rooms. Based on phonological differences between two languages, the researchers assume that there is a wide discrepancy in stress patterns among those spoken and used by native speakers and read and perceived by Pakistani students in our classrooms using English as second language. It carries a tangible impact of Urdu stress pattern with almost equal stress on all the syllables which is quite problematic both for teachers and learners of English whether it is as Second Language Learning or as Foreign Language Learning. To find out concrete results quantitative analysis of stress patterns was made on the selected sample taking from public sector university students. Findings of the research provide a useful pedagogical insight into the perspective of English language teaching with particular emphasis on spoken proficiency of English among students whose L1 is Urdu. The findings of the research suggest invariably the wrong placement of lexical stress in English words in Pakistan by Urdu speakers who have Urdu as L1 because they either place the stress on the syllable preceding the actual syllable or following it. Finally, it is suggested to follow the native speakers tone as a final remedy.
Most English teachers make students study grammar and vocabulary, practise functional dialogues but they make little attempt to teach pronunciation in any overt way. They may feel they have too much to do and they may claim that without a formal pronunciation syllabus and without specific pronunciation teaching, many students seem to acquire pronunciation in the course of their studies. Pronunciation teaching not only makes students aware of different sounds and sound features, but can also improve their speaking. Pronunciation allows students to get over serious intelligibility problems. The question of what aim to achieve may arise in connection with teaching pronunciation. Many students do not want to sound like native speakers, they wish to be speakers of English as an international language and it does not imply trying to sound exactly like someone from Britain or Canada. (Harmer 2003: 184). It has become customary for English teachers to consider intelligibility as the prime goal of pronunciation teaching. It means that students should be able to use pronunciation which is good enough for them to be understood. If their pronunciation is not up to this standard, there is a serious danger that they will fail to communicate effectively. So the aim of teaching pronunciation is to require our students to work towards an intelligible pronunciation rather than achieve a native-speaker quality.
The Speech Sound Pics Approach has been created by the Reading Whisperer for Australian schools. This presentation shows the research on which SSP is based, as well as an overview regarding HOW to teach any child to read and spell before year 2.
www.facebook.com/readaustralia
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
1. Grammar and Language in
the Classroom
Renee Ashman
University of Phoenix
Tesol-573 –Valerie Roquemore
2. Types of Grammar
Descriptive
▪ Natural speaking and writing
of the native language.
▪ It focuses on describing the
native language as it is used.
▪ It does not suggest a right or
wrong way (Fromkin, J., et
al. 2014).
Prescriptive
▪ Teaches how to use the native
language.
▪ It instructs rules and forms to
sentences.
▪ Provides a standard for
learners to achieve (Fromkin,
J., et al 2014).
3. Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar
Descriptive
Grammar
Advantages:
Helps 2nd language learners sound
like native speakers.
Helps 2nd language learners to
communicate better with native
speakers.
Disadvantages: It is sometimes not
appropriate in formal circumstances
(Tamasi, S., et al., 2015).
Prescriptive
Grammar
Advantages:
Produces formal writers.
Provides rules to reduce confusion
(Tamasi, S., et al., 2015).
Disadvantages:
Not everyone adheres to the rules,
which can be confusing for English
learners.
4. Sound Patterns
▪ The subject of phonology includes components, such as phonemes,
phones, allophones, minimal pairs, minimal set, and phonotactics
(Sunimet.wordpress.com).
▪ Different languages have different sound patterns.
▪ One must have knowledge of language sound patterns to be able to easily
pronounce sounds in language (Sunimet.wordpress.com).
Sound patterns of language include a study on
phonology by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle
(Sunimet.wordpress.com).
5. Phonology
Phonology is the study of how speech sounds form patterns
(Fromkin, J., et al, 2014).
Phonology entails:
• Sounds that are native or foreign
• Sound combinations that create words or non-words
• Phonetic features that are identifiable or necessary and
what are not.
• Adjustment of the pronunciation of words or derivatives
6. Phonology and Language
▪ A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that is associated to a meaning of
sounds in language (Fromkin, J. 2014).
For example, the word pit has three phonemes, /p/, /i/, and /t/
(Lynch, M., 2021).
▪ Phonemes are made in the vocal tract by movement of the lips, teeth,
tongue, vocal cords and throat (Lynch, M., 2021).
▪ An allophone is the various ways a phoneme is spoken.
For example, the phoneme /t/ may be pronounced as allophones /d/
or /t/ in the word water (Lynch, M., 2021).
▪ .
There are many speech sounds, but each language uses
some of all the possible sounds (Lynch, M., 2021).
7. Morphology
▪ A morpheme is a phoneme or group of phonemes that constitute a
meaning in language (Paris. et al, 2021).
For example, boy is one morpheme. The word boys consists of two
morphemes, boy and s.
Thus, a single phoneme can also be a morpheme if it embodies a
meaning.
Boyish also consists of two morphemes, boy and ish.
Words like ladder and hungry consist of only one morpheme.
Morphemes that are not words on their own, like –ed, -ish, -s, -ness are
bound morphemes, meaning they are added to another morpheme to alter
meaning (Paris. et al, 2021).
Morphology is the study of base words and segments of
words (morphemes) that create and/or change meaning (Paris.
et al, 2021).
8. Morphology and Language
Morphemes in language instruction
• Parsing morphemes out of large words can help decode the meaning of
a word and help students recognize spelling patterns.
For example, dendrochronology. Here the word is segmented into
morphemes, dendro – chrono- logy. The meanings of each
morpheme can now be applied respectively, tree, time, and study
of (Zoski, T, et al., 2018).
Using morphology to help language instruction aids students to
successfully decode, spell, and understand the meaning of difficult or
never-before-seen words (Zoski, T, et al., 2018). Studying and instruction
on morphemes also helps build students vocabulary and reading
comprehension (Zoski, T, et al., 2018).
9. Syntax
The rules of syntax include the relationship of words, phrases, clauses
within a sentence and adhering to the correct sentence order (Fromkin, J.
et al, 2014).
Here are two examples of English rules of syntax (Fromkin, J. et al, 2014).
▪ The basic order of a sentences is subject noun, verb, and direct object.
The girl (sn) ate (v) ice-cream (do).
▪ In English, the adjective is placed before the noun.
The hungry (adj) girl (n) ate strawberry (adj) ice-cream (n).
Syntax is the knowledge of sentence structure and
meaning in a given language (Fromkin, J. et al, 2014)
10. Syntax and Learning
▪ The study of the arrangement and meaning of words are classified into
syntactic categories known as, phrasal, lexical, and functional categories
(Ryan, 2022).
▪ Phrasal categories consists of noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and
preposition phrases, such as, cat, the cat the hat, climbs, often climbs
(Ryan, 2022).
▪ Lexical categories are noun, verb, adjective, adverb, conjunction, and
other parts of a sentence (Ryan, 2022).
Each person innately adheres to rules of synax within
their own language (Fromkin, J., et al, 2014).
11. Syntax and Learning
Advantages
▪ Aids reading and language comprehension.
▪ Helps to understand the meaning of words
and their relationship to each other in a
sentence.
▪ Helps to understand word order.
▪ As language learners progress in
understanding rules of syntax, they can
freely create unique sentences.
▪ Explanations for grammatical rules can be
explained (Ryan, 2022).
Teaching Syntax to English Learners
Implications to teaching syntax to English learners
Disadvantages
▪ The written language is formal and is
different from conversational language
(Ryan, 2022).
▪ Students may lose confidence and become
embarrassed noting that syntactic language
is different than conversational language
(Ryan, 2022).
▪ The rules of syntax can be overwhelming.
▪ It can slow progress of the learner.
12. Instructional Strategies
A teaching strategy I use in my kindergarten class is to give all
possible sounds for letters that are introduced in a sing-song way.
For example. If the letter a is introduced, I would say /a/, /A/, /ah/.
Students would repeat phonemes and say them as they write. We
would review the letter/sounds a few times during the day, followed
by practice activities.
Later in the year, I would introduce phoneme ou in the same way,
teaching all four sounds as if they were bit by a mosquite. /ow/, /o/,
/oo/, /u/. The first sound is most often used, so we try that one first.
13. Instructional Strategies
My objective here is to teach that silent final e at the end of a word changes the
preceding short vowel to a long vowel or a (vowel that says its name).
I call it the Strongman E (Sanseri, W., 2010).
For example: the word: hop becomes hope
When I say, the strongman E. They students hold us their muscles and say, “The
vowel sound changes because of the E.”
I would show this on the board multiple times followed by many opportunities
to practice.
When students read, I can instruct them to notice Strongman e.
14. References
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., Hyam, N. (2014) An Introduction to Language, Wadworth.
Tomasi, S, Antieu, L. (2015) The Writing Center. Language and Linguistics.
http;//doiorg.argo.library.okstate.edu/10.4324/9780203154960
Linguistic Sunimet’s Blog. Sunimet.wordpress.com
Lynch, M., (2022) The Edvocator. The Differences between Phone, Phoneme, and an Allophone.
https://www.theedvocate.org
Paris, Ricardo, Raymond, and Johnson. (2021, January 4) Social Science. LibreTexts. Introduction to
Linguistics. http://www.socialsci.libretext.org
Ryan, (2022, April 4) English Raven. How Can Syntax Pose Problems Learning English?
http://www.englishraven.com
Sanseri, W. (2010, July 14), Spell to Write and Read. Back Home Industries.
Zoski, J., Nellenback, K., Erickson, K. (2018, January 30) Sage Journals. Using Morphological
Strategies to Help Adolescents Decode, Spell, and Comprehend Big Words in Science.
http;//doi.org/10.1177/1525740117752