This document discusses various aspects of phonology as it relates to discourse analysis. It covers topics such as pronunciation, rhythm, stress and prominence, intonation, tones, and pitch. Phonology studies how sounds are organized and used in languages. It looks at both the segmental and suprasegmental features of speech. Intonation, stress, and pitch are important for conveying meaning, attitudes, and emotions through speech. The interplay between these phonological elements and information structure is complex, and speakers make choices that shape discourse and conversations.

1. DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
AND
PHONOLOGY
MUHAIMINAH AKIB
15B01090
CLASS B

2. DISCOURSE ANALYSIS AND PHONOLOGY
Introduction
Pronunciation
Rhythm
Stress and Prominence
Intonation
Tones
Pitch

3. INTRODUCTION
• Phonology is a branch of linguistics, closely related to
phonetics. It studies the manners of organization and
usage of the speech sounds in natural languages.
• Phonetics deals with the smallest chunks of language, yet
it is in connection with other linguistic disciplines

4. INTRODUCTION
•Morphology
•Syntax
•Semantic
INTRODUCTION
Phonology is more interested in the abstract, that is mental aspects of
these sounds. It inquiries into and describes the patterns of sounds and
sound types which native speakers acquire intuitively.

5. PRONOUNCIATION
• According to Pennington &
Richards—Pronunciation is
important to determine correct
meaning of words.
• Pronunciation can cause
problem or difficulty in
understanding each other.

6. • Rhythm—Segmental or phoneme-based
-- Prosodic—stress & intonation
• Rhythmicality of different degrees in speeches
of :
• broadcast
• fluent reading
• speeches
• monologues
• ordinary conversation
RHYTHM

7. STRESS AND PROMINENCE
• Stress-timed L :-
-stress timing
-syllable-timing
e.g : the word
“extraordinary”, “mother”,
etc.
• Prominence : -
• Syllables which stand out in the flow of
talk
• Because speaker has uttered them with
greater intensity or duration or
pitch duration.
• Sentence stress is also called ‘tonic’.

8. • Interactive choice is important.
• When we consider prominence in
discourse, we are considering the
extent to which speakers &
listeners’ worlds converge.
• e.g: ( I can take you right to the
door if you wish).
STRESS AND PROMINENCE

9. • Intonation is essential to interprete
meaning e.g: sarcasm, surprise, querry,
teasing etc.
• Can’t really be taught but the more you
are exposed to it, the more conversant
you are about the right intonation for
specific intention.
• According to linguists, intonation is related
to information structure of utterances.
• Halliday believes that speakers decide
how to segment information.
INTONATIONAL UNIT

10. TONE
1. intonation has grammatical function.
2. Attitudinal Approaches
• —some intonations express surprise, detachment, etc.
• Stress and intonation deal with attitudes, moods and emotions.
• Attitude and emotions are complex combination of vocal cues,
intonation, lexis, context and non verbal behavior.

11. KEY
•The relative level of pitch
can move and are
interchangeable.
•The jump from high to
low key is important cues
in management.
• (high key initiation)
• (low key ending)

12. • Matching or concord in pitch between speakers is a
phenomenon.
• Phonology is complex. Not straightforward pedagogy.
• Several parts of the system can be scrutinized.
• But the entire discourse is significance.
• Levels of choice of speakers.
• Importance of speakers’ choice.
• Changing role of participants in conversations
Pitch Across Speakers

13. THANK YOU