The document provides information about disaster management and tsunamis. It defines different types of disasters and outlines the multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral nature of disaster management. Disaster management involves forecasting, warning, evacuation, search and rescue, relief, and reconstruction during pre-disaster, during disaster, and post-disaster periods. The document also describes what a tsunami is, how earthquakes can cause tsunamis, tsunami behavior as it approaches land including shoaling effect, and guidelines for preparing for, responding to, and recovering from tsunamis.

1. Disaster
Techniques of
Disaster Management
Tsunami

2. Types of Disaster
• Geophysical
– Earthquake
– Tsunami
• Metrological
– Cyclone
– Tornado
• Hydrological
– flood
• Climatological
– Extreme temperature
– wildfire
• Biological
– Epidemic

3. DISASTER MANAGEMENT IS
Multidisciplinary -
forecasting
warning
evacuation
search and rescue
relief
reconstruction
rehabilitation
Multi-sectoral -
administrators,
scientists,
planners,
volunteers
communities.

4. These roles and activities for Disaster
Management
• Pre-disaster
• During disaster
• Post disaster

5. To transfer the benefits of research and
development to the communities
links must be developed between scientific
communities and field agencies.
Coordination between Government agencies
and NGOs help to avoid overlap of activities

6. Guidelines for effective mitigation
• Pre-disaster mitigation can help in ensuring faster
recovery from the impacts of disasters.
• Mitigation measures must ensure protection of
the natural and cultural assets of the community.
• Hazard reduction methods must take into account
the various hazards faced by the affected
community and their desires and priorities.
• Any mitigation program must also ensure
effective partnership between Government,
scientific, private sector, NGOs and the
community.

7. Elements of a mitigation strategy
• Risk assessment and Vulnerability analysis
• Applied research and technology transfer
• Public awareness and training
• Institutional mechanisms
• Incentives and resources for mitigation
• Landuse planning and regulations
• Hazard resistant design and construction
• Structural and Constructional reinforcement of
existing buildings

8. TSUNAMI

9. • The word is Japanese and means "harbor wave,”because
of the effect on the low coastal areas. A Tsunami is a giant,
or series of big waves caused by an immediate vertical
disturbance that displaces the water from its normal
position. This causes the water mass to try to regain
normality by pushing away the displaced water.
• "The main factor which determines the initial size of a
tsunami is the amount of vertical sea floor deformation"
(WACTC).
• Tsunamis are not created from the wind! But it is created
from Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions,
explosions, and even an impact from space, such as
meteorites, can generate tsunamis.

10. How do EQ cause tsunami?
http://geology.com/articles/tsunami-geology.shtml

11. • When a tsunami crosses the ocean its length
(from crest to crest) can be 100 miles or more,
and its trough won’t be any higher than two feet.
• A tsunami travels at speeds of 600 miles per
hour in the deepest ocean. But once it reaches
the shoaling water of the coastline its speed
decreases, and the wave becomes increasingly
higher.
• While tsunamis have periods that range from ten
minutes to two hours and 300 mile long
wavelengths.

12. Tsunami nears shore
• As wave gets into shallow water bottom of
wave drags along ocean floor
• Top of wave still moving fast: can cause cresting
of wave, and breaking onto shore

13. Energy in tsunami
• Loss of energy in a wave is inversely
proportional to λ
• Since λ very long, little energy lost
• Waves can travel great distances and still be
very distructive

14. "shoaling" effect
• As the tsunami leaves the deeper water of the
open ocean and travels into the more shallow
waters near the coast, the speed of the
tsunami will decrease but the energy of the
tsunami will stay the same and the wave
grows bigger this happens because its called a
"shoaling" effect.

15. How to prepare for a tsunami?
• Avoid building or living in buildings within several hundred feet of the
coastline. These areas are more likely to experience damage from
tsunamis, strong winds, or coastal storms.
• Make a list of items to bring inside in the event of a tsunami. A list will help
you remember anything that can be swept away by tsunami waters.
• Elevate coastal homes. Most tsunami waves are less than 10 feet. Elevating
your house will help reduce damage to your property from most tsunamis.
• Follow flood preparedness precautions. Tsunamis are large amounts of
water that crash onto the coastline, creating floods.
• Have an engineer check your home and advise about ways to make it more
resistant to tsunami water. There may be ways to divert waves away from
your property. Improperly built walls could make your situation worse.
Consult with a professional for advice.

16. What to do during a tsunami?
• If you feel an earthquake that lasts 20 seconds or longer when you
are on the coast; the Red cross advises you to;
• Drop, cover, and hold on. You should first protect yourself from the
earthquake.
• When the shaking stops, gather your family members and evacuate
quickly. Leave everything else behind. A tsunami may be coming
within minutes. Move quickly to higher ground away from the
coast.
• Be careful to avoid downed power lines and stay away from
buildings and bridges from which heavy objects might fall during an
aftershock.

17. What to do after a tsunami?
• Stay out of the building if waters remain around it. Tsunami
waters, like flood waters, can undermine foundations,
causing buildings to sink, floors to crack, or walls to collapse
• Use battery-powered lanterns or flashlights when
examining buildings. Battery-powered lighting is the safest
and easiest, preventing fire hazard for the user, occupants,
and building.
• Examine walls, floors, doors, staircases, and windows to
make sure that the building is not in danger of collapsing.
• Continue listening to a Weather Radio, Coast Guard
emergency frequency station, or other reliable source for
emergency information. The tsunami may have damaged
roads, bridges, or other places that may be unsafe.

18. Look for any hazard
• Look for fire hazards. There may be broken or leaking gas lines, flooded
electrical circuits, or submerged furnaces or electrical appliances.
Flammable or explosive materials may come from upstream. Fire is the
most frequent hazard following floods.
• Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear a blowing or hissing noise,
open a window and quickly leave the building. Turn off the gas using the
outside main valve if you can, and call the gas company from a neighbor's
home. If you turn off the gas for any reason, it must be turned back on by
a professional.
• Look for electrical system damage. If you see sparks or broken or frayed
wires, or if you smell burning insulation, turn off the electricity at the main
fuse box or circuit breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse
box or circuit breaker, call an electrician first for advice. Electrical
equipment should be checked and dried before being returned to service.

19. • Thank you