This document discusses tsunamis, which are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. Tsunamis can cause massive damage and loss of life by destroying homes and infrastructure. While impossible to prevent, their effects can be minimized through preparation measures like building in safe areas, establishing evacuation routes, and early warning systems. The document outlines dos and don'ts for before, during, and after a tsunami and emphasizes the importance of quickly evacuating coastal areas if a tsunami is detected or warned.

1. By
MUHAMMAD FAHMI BIN BASRI
2016238526
EMD7M9A
UiTM SHAH ALAM
NATURE DISASTER
“TSUNAMI”

2. INTRODUCTION
 Tsunami was well known as one of nature
disaster that cause loot of damage and loss of
lives.
 Also know as giant waves that caused by
volcanic eruptions under the sea or earthquake.
 Mostly tsunami are caused by earthquakes
generated in a subduction zone, where an
oceanic plate is being forced down into the
mantle by plate tectonic force.

3.  When the ocean floor at a plate boundary rises or
falls suddenly, it displaces the water above it and
launches the rolling waves that will become a
tsunami.
 Speed of tsunami waves was depends on the
ocean depth not the distance from the sources of
the waves.
 Over the deep water tsunami waves travel as fast
as jet planes but slowing down when reaching
shallow waters.
 The height of tsunami also was not dramatically
increase, its increase when the waves travel
inland and they build up higher and higher height
as the ocean depth decrease.

4.  80% tsunami happen within the pacific ocean’s
“ring of fire” a geologically active area where
tectonic shift make volcanoes and earthquakes
common.

5.  Japan is the most country frequently hits by tsunami
in the world.
 It was well documented and are continued as the
local legend.
 In 1896, the tsunami science started when the Meiji
Great Sanriku Tsunami claimed 22,000 lives.

6. EFFECT TSUNAMI TO HUMAN
LIVES
 Devastation of homes - tsunami effect can
destroy entire building and cause property
damage. Many victim caused from this nature
disaster have loss their home which leaves them
homeless.
Example : Five days after a powerful earthquake and tsunami hit
the Indonesian city of Palu, images are emerging which show the
true scale of the devastation

7.  Loss of life - Tsunami danger is difficult to detect
far out the sea because it not begin with the gain
size until they reach shallower water. They often
resulting in huge loss of human life.
The tsunami that struck northern Japan after an
offshore earthquake on March 11, 2011, killed at
least 14,340 people, which crushed buildings and
left thousands trapped under debris or pulled out
to sea.
 Damage to economy – tsunami also effect the
nation economy. Location that were previously
popular destination for visitors suffer depression
as a result of tourism, with people staying away
out of fear and during reconstruction.

8.  Disease and Contamination – after the tsunami,
contaminated water and food supplies pose a risk
to people health. This is because Tsunami water
carry many sources of contamination such as dirt or
oil and caused infectious disease to increase.
 Other Health Effect – tsunami also can lead to
other devastating health consequences. People
may have traumatic injuries from the destruction of
property and landscape. The loss of shelters can
also leaves them exposed with hot and cold
temperature that may caused them to have flu,
fever, stress and etc.

9.  Serious Environmental Changes – after the
Tsunami strikes, landscapes that previously was
beautiful turn to the wasteland. tsunamis destroy
vegetation such as trees, resulting in landslides
and coastlines that slip into the sea as deep root
systems that previously held land in place get
ripped out.
environmental changes in
Japan 2011 caused by
Tsunami.

10. SOLUTION FOR TSUNAMI
It is impossible to prevent tsunami from
happening because it caused by earthquakes or
volcanic eruptions under the water, both
unpreventable natural disaster but we can
prepare for tsunami and minimize the effects to
protect both human lives and livelihoods.
Therefore by 1933, after another large Tsunami,
The showa Great Sanriku Tsunami hit the Sanriku
Region comprehensive countermeasure were
officially introduced. System that aimed to act a
new guide to preparation and policy for tsunami
disasters.

11. Guide to preparation and policy for Tsunami disaster
by Council on Earthquake Disaster Prevention
(CEDP)
 Relocating of dwelling house to high ground : this
the best to measure against tsunami.
 Coastal dikes : Dikes against tsunami may become
too large, and financially impractical.
 Tsunami control forest : Vegetation may damp the
power of Tsunami. In Malaysia it been called Pokok
kayu bakau it help minimize the impact of the wave.
 Seawalls : This could be effective for smaller
tsunami but it still help reduce the impact.
 Tsunami –resistant areas : if the tsunami height is
not so high in a busy quarter, solid concrete building
are to built in the front line of the area.

12.  Evacuation routes : Roads to safe high ground are
required for every village.
 Tsunami watch : because it takes 20 minutes for
tsunami to arrive , we may detect an approaching
tsunami and prepare for it.
 Tsunami evacuation : The aged, children and weak
should be evacuated to safe higher ground where
they could wait for rescue team. Ship more than a
few hundred meter offshore should move farther
offshore.
 Buffer zone : Damned by structure, a tsunami
inevitably increases its height. In order to receive the
flooding thus amplified, rivers and lowlands are to be
designated as buffer zone to be sacrificed.

13. TSUNAMI DO & DON’T
Before
 Build an emergency kit and make family
communication plan.
 Know the height of your street above the sea level
and the distance of your street from the coast or
other high risk water.
 If you are a tourist, familiarize yourself with local
tsunami evacuation protocols.
 If an earthquake occurs and you are in a coastal
area, turn on your radio to learn if there is a tsunami
warning.
 Knowing your community's warning systems and
disaster plans, including evacuation routes.

14. During
 First, protect yourself from an earthquake. Drop ,
cover then hold on.
 Get to high ground as far inland as possible.
 Be alert to signs of Tsunami, such sudden rise or
draining of ocean waters.
 Listen to emergency information and alerts.
 Evacuate : do not wait ! Leave as soon as possible
as you see any sign of a tsunami or receive and
official tsunami warning.
 If you are in boat go out to sea.
 Remember to help your neighbours who may
require special assistance - infants, elderly people,
and individuals with access or functional needs

15. After
 Return home only after local officials tell you it is
safe. Tsunami is a series waves that may continue
for hour.
 Avoid disaster area. So rescue team can do their
operation to rescue victim.
 Stay away from debris in water it may pose a safety
hazard to people.
 Check yourself for injuries and get first aid as
needed before helping injured or trapped persons.
 Stay out of any building that has water around it.
Tsunami water can cause floors to crack or walls to
collapse.
 Use caution when re-entering buildings or homes.
Tsunami-driven floodwater may have damaged the
structure of building.

16. CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, I would like to tell tsunamis can
be very dangerous and deadly. As we do not have
power to control or predict and detect tsunamis
because they are under water waves. It cause lot
of property damages and lost life and usually
leaves a panic for the human basic necessities.
Therefore, they are not to be taken lightly. Citizen
are well suggested to follow the safety precaution
during the tsunami occur to reduce the damages or
lost of life.

17. REFERENCES
 https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/tsunami.html
 https://geology.com/articles/tsunami-geology.shtml
 https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/n
atural-disasters/tsunamis/
 https://sciencing.com/do-tsunamis-affect-human-
lives-8759187.html
 https://commons.trincoll.edu/disasterarchipelago/?p
age_id=1018
 https://www.ready.gov/tsunamis
 http://www.rescuerangers.org/dnd-tsunami.html