DYS is a Greek prefix meaning "difficult, disordered, or abnormal". The document defines several medical terms beginning with DYS, which refer to disabilities or disorders. These include dyskinesia (involuntary muscle movements), dyslexia (reading disorder), dysgraphia (problems with handwriting), dyscalculia (difficulty with math), and dystonias (sustained muscle contractions causing twisting movements). Dysplasia refers specifically to abnormal cell growth, while dyspepsia means impaired digestion. About half of dystonia cases have no known cause, but some may be inherited genetic disorders. Dystonia can develop at any age but is often classified as early or childhood onset versus adult onset.

1. DYS:
It is a Greek Prefix.
Meaning: ‘Difficult,Disordered’.
Used specially in medical term as;
Abnormal: dysplasia.
Impaired: dysesthesia.
Difficult: dysphonia.
Bad: dyspepsia.
Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering
impairments, activity limitations, and participation
restrictions.

2. DYSABILITIES START
WITH “DYS”
1. Dyskinesia:
2. Dyslexia
3. Disgraphia
4. Dysenthesia
5. Dysaphia
6. Dyscalculia
7. Dysbarism
8. Dystonias
9. Dysplasia
10. Dyspepsia

3. DYSKINESIA:
Dyskinesia refers to a category of movement disorders that are
characterized by involuntary muscle movements, including
movements similar to tics or chorea and diminished voluntary
movements.
Dyskinesia can be anything from a slight tremor of the hands to
an uncontrollable movement of the upper body or lower
extremities.
Discoordination can also occur internally especially with the
respiratory muscles and it often goes unrecognized.Dyskinesia is
a symptom of several medical disorders that are distinguished by
their underlying cause.

4. DYSMYELINATION:
Dysmyelination is the loss of the myelin sheath insulating the
nerves.
Symptoms:
 blurriness in the central visual field that affects only one
eye, may be accompanied by pain upon eye movement
 double vision
 loss of vision/hearing
 odd sensation in legs, arms, chest, or face, such as tingling
or numbness (neuropathy)
 weakness of arms or legs

5. DYSTONIAS:
The dystonias are movement disorders
in which sustained muscle contractions
cause twisting and repetitive
movements or abnormal postures.

6. SYMPTOMS:
The movements, which are involuntary and
sometimes painful, may affect a single muscle;
a group of muscles such as those in the arms,
legs, or neck; or the entire body.
Early symptoms may include deterioration in
handwriting, foot cramps, or a dragging foot
after running or walking some distance.
Other possible symptoms are tremor and voice
or speech difficulties.

7. DYSPLASTIC
SPONDYLOLISTHESIS:
Spondylolisthesis is a forward or backward
slippage of one vertebra on an adjacent
vertebra.
Causes of spondylolisthesis include trauma,
degenerative, tumor, and birth defects.
Symptoms of spondylolisthesis include
lower back or leg pain,
hamstring tightness,
numbness and tingling in the legs.

8. DYSBARISM:
Dysbarism refers to medical conditions
resulting from changes in ambient pressure.
Various activities are associated with
pressure changes.
Scuba diving is the most frequently cited
example, but pressure changes also affect
people who work in other pressurized
environments (for
example, caisson workers), and people who
move between different altitudes.

9. SYMSTOMPS:

10. DYSOSTOSIS :
A dysostosis is a defective
formation of bone.
Also called dysosteogenesis.

11. DYSLEXIA:
Dyslexia, also known as reading
disorder, is characterized by trouble
with reading despite
normal intelligence.

12. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
In early childhood, symptoms that
correlate with a later diagnosis of
dyslexia include delayed onset of
speech, difficulty distinguishing left
from right, difficulty with direction, as
well as being easily distracted by
background noise

13. DYSSYNERGIA CEREBELLARIS
MYOCLONICA:
Dyssynergia Cerebellaris Myoclonica refers to a
collection of rare, degenerative, neurological
disorders characterized by epilepsy, cognitive
impairment, myoclonus, and progressive ataxia.
Symptoms:
Include seizures, tremor, and reduced muscle
coordination. Onset of the disorder generally
occurs in early adulthood. Tremor may begin in
one extremity and later spread to involve the entire
voluntary muscular system. Arms are usually more
affected than legs.

14. DYSGRAPHIA:
A specific learning disability that
affects a person’s handwriting ability
and fine motor skills.
Problems may include illegible
handwriting, inconsistent spacing, poor
spatial planning on paper, poor
spelling, and difficulty composing
writing as well as thinking and writing
at the same time.

15. DYSCALCULIA:
It is difficulty in learning or
comprehending arithmetic, such as
difficulty in understanding numbers,
learning how to manipulate numbers,
and learning facts in mathematics.

16. DYSESTHESIA:
An abnormal unpleasant
sensation felt when
touched, caused by damage
to peripheral nerves.

17. DYSPHONIA:IMPAIRED
Difficulty in speaking due to
a physical disorder of the
mouth, tongue, throat, or
vocal cords.

19. DYSPEPSIA:BAD
It is a condition of impaired digestion.
Also called Indigestion.

20. DYSPLASIA:
The enlargement of an organ or tissue
by the proliferation of cells of an
abnormal type, as a developmental
disorder or an early stage in the
development of cancer.

21. About half the cases of dystonia have no connection to disease or
injury and are called primary or idiopathic dystonia. Of the primary
dystonias, many cases appear to be inherited. Dystonias can also be
symptoms of other diseases, some of which may be hereditary.
Dystonia can occur at any age, but is often described as either early, or
childhood, onset versus adult onset.