This document provides information about direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses the exact words from the original speaker, while indirect speech reports the meaning without using the exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, pronouns, possessive adjectives, words referring to time, place, and verbs may need to be changed. The document gives examples of how to change different tenses, such as changing the future tense from "I will study hard" to "She said she would study hard."

1. *Direct Speech = Quoted Speech
1.Here we use the exact words that
somebody said.
2.Please be careful with the punctuation.
Paul said, ´´Come here tomorrow. ``
´´ Come here tomorrow.`` Paul told me.

2. Indirect Speech = Reported Speech
 This is how we report another person´s words,
how we restate what someone said.
 Please be careful: we don´t use the exact words.
What changes?
1. Pronouns
2. Possessive Adjetives
A.Reference words 3. Time
4. Place
5. Verbs

3. 1.) Pronouns
2.) Poss. adjetives
´´ I need to learn my lesson. ´´Paul said.
Paul said that he needed to learn his lesson.
as the listener you must
change pronouns so the
statement is logical.

5. Monday: ´´I have an English test tonight .´´ Tina said.
Tuesday: Tina said that she had an english test last night.
Sunday: Tina said that she had an english test that night
Wednesday ( CBA ) : My test is here at the CBA.´´ Tina said.
Thursday (hipermaxi): Tina said she had a test there at the
CBA.

6. Direct Speech Reported Speech
Time now Then; at that moment
Today / tonight That day / that night
tomorrow The next day / the following day
yesterday The day before
Next week / month / year The following week / month /
year
ago before
Last week / month / year The week / month/ year before
Place here there
Adverbials of time and place

8. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Simple Present Simple Past
Present Progressive Past Progresive
Simple Past
Past Perfect SimplePresent Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple
Past Progressive
Past Perfect ProgressivePresent Perfect
Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future ( going to ) Was/were going to
Future ( will )
Conditional ( would)Conditional ( would)

9. EXAMPLES.
1.FUTURE : “ I will study hard.” she said.
She said she would study hard.
2.PRESENT TENSE : “I study hard. ”she said .
She said she studied hard.
3.PAST TENSE: “I studied hard .’’ she said.
She said she had studied hard.
4.PAST PERFECT :“I had studied hard.”she said.
She said she had studied hard.

10. EXAMPLES.
1.FUTURE : “ I will study hard.” she said.
She said she would study hard.
2.PRESENT TENSE : “I study hard. ”she said .
She said she studied hard.
3.PAST TENSE: “I studied hard .’’ she said.
She said she had studied hard.
4.PAST PERFECT :“I had studied hard.”she said.
She said she had studied hard.