1. Tenses
1- Present continuous tense
Usage : present continuous tense is used for an action that taking place now at the time
,of speaking ;
Form: subject +is/am/are+main verb +ing +object
Sign: Verb to be present +ing
Examples
1. She is preparing the break fast
2. Iam eating an apple
3. You are driving the car
4. Students are listening to the teacher
The question of present continuous tense
1. Are you drinking the milk?
2. Is she driving the car?
3. Is he coming the school?
4. What are you doing now?
5. Are they leaving for the berbera
6. Is it drinking the tea?
2. simple present tense
Usage: simple present tenses is used for an action which happens every day, every week,
every month ,every time or habitual of action
Form: subject+mainverb present +object
Sign: do/does
Examples
1. We make constant practice

2. 2. I go to school every day except Friday
3. He steels the money from the people
4. The police keep the security
5. The sun is rise every day
In the affirmative we use the base of verb
If the subject is one of these words(I,We,You,They) or plural nouns as we plan what we
are doing or we add (s) or(es).
If the subject is these words(he, she, it) or singular noun
He speak English
She washes the clothes
Note:
If the verb ends in( SS,CH,X, O)we add (es)
Example:
Go-goes ,Box-boxes
In the interrogative we use “do or does”
Example
1. Do you come to school
2. Does the boy understand the lesson
3. Do you speak English
In the Negative : we use do not or does not
Example
1. He doesn’t write it
2. He don’t read the magazine

3. 3. Simple future tense
This Tense used for an Action which will be taka place in the future time
Form: Subject+will/shall+main verb +Object
Sign: will/shall
Example
1. I shall correct in the exercise
2. He will speak English Soon
3. She will arrest the soldiers
4. Will you build a House ?
5. They will not clean the dirty things
6. I will visit tomorrow my parent
7. I will call you in sha allah soon
4. Simple past Tense
Simple past tense is used for an action which took place in the past time ,and its
completed action
Form: subject+main verb past+object
Sign: did, state of being (was ,were)
I, He, She,It(was)
We, You, They(were)
Eg: I was student (state of being)
He was soldier (state of being )
It was fine day (state of being)
In the interrogative we use (did)
And verb becomes present
As: did you go to school?

4. In the negative we use (did not)
As: He didn’t see her
In the simple past tense the verbs are divided by two ;
One: Regular Verbs: there are verb that is make their past and past participle by adding (d)or
(ed)
Example : cook =cooked , play=played
Two: irregular verbs : they are the verbs that make their past or past participle by changing it is
Example :go-went –gone
Some examples of simple past tense
1. He taught me holly quran
2. I wrote a latter to him
3. We heard the news from radio
4. We took an ablution and went to mosque
5. Present prefect Tense
This tense is used for an action that completed just before the time of speaking
Form: subject+have/has+past participle +object
Sign: have/has+pp
Examples
1. I have gone to school
2. You have spoken well
3. She has seen her mother

5. 4. He has bought a new car
5. Have they played football?
6. We have not eaten our lunch
6 past continuous tense
Past continuous tense is used for an action that was going some times in the past
Form: subject+was/were+main verb +object
Sign : was/were +ing
Example
1. She was preparing the break fast
2. He was repairing the watch
3. I was sleeping while I went to school
4. We were making practice in front of the class
5. Were you drinking the water?
6. They were not cleaning the room
7. present perfect continuous
this tense is used for an action that begun in the past and still going on
form: sub+have/has+been+main verb +ing +object
Sign: have/has+been+ing
Example
1. I have been learning English for a years
2. We have been living here since 1991
3. How long have you been working for me?
4. He has been teaching for twenty years
5. They have not been ironing their clothes

6. 8 past perfect tense
Past perfect tense is used for an action which had taken place before another action
completed in the past
Form:subject+had past participle +objecy
Sign :had+past participle
Example
1. I had gone to school before he come home
2. She had cooked lunch before sleep
3. I had stayed with my uncle before I left for Ethiopia
4. After you had written lesson you had made practice
5. Had we finished the lesson
6. They had not participated the election
9 past perfect continuous tense
This tense is used for an action that begun in the past time ,but stopped now
Form: sub+had been+present participle +object
Sign: had been+ing
Example
1. We had been preventing this problem before it happen
2. The cannibal had been staying out skirt of the city
3. They had not been writing lesson before they out
4. Had she been washing the clothes?
10 future perfect tense
Future perfect tense is used for an action which is expected to be completed by
certain time in future .
Form: sub+shallhave/willhave+past participle +object
Sign: shallhave/will have

7. Example
1. I shall have departed to England by end of this year
2. Will he have completed the project the beginning of the new year
3. They will have painted the house by the end of the month
11 future continuous tense
This tense used to expresses an action which will be taking place in the future
time .
Form: sub+will be /shall be + main verb+ing +object
Sign: shall be/will be +ing
Example
1. He will be helping his friend
2. We shall be visiting that city
3. People will be fighting against criminals
4. He will not be training the students
5. Will you point the houses
6. Will the doctors be controlling the disease
12 future perfect continuous tense
This tense is used to described an action at certain point in the future ,which have begun in the
past and either just finished or still continuous
Form: sub+will have/shall have+been+present participle +object
Sign: will have/shall have +ing
Example
1. I shall have been graduating in the end of the year
2. He will have been building that school by end of the year
3. We shall have been studying English by the end of this year