Diglossia
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Diglossia refers to a situation where two varieties of the same language are used by a single language community. One variety, labeled "H" or "high", is a highly codified lect used for formal settings like literature and education. The other variety, labeled "L" or "low", is the everyday vernacular language used for ordinary conversation. The term was first introduced and defined by linguist Charles A. Ferguson in 1959 to describe this pattern where two distinct forms of the same language are used within a speech community.
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Diglossia
According to the document, diglossia describes a situation where two distinct varieties of language co-exist in a speech community, each with different social functions. The higher variety (H) is used in formal contexts like literature, religious texts, and public speaking. It has greater prestige but is acquired through education. The lower variety (L) is used informally and as a first language, though it is rarely standardized and seen as less prestigious. Examples given are Swiss German/High German, Arabic dialects/Classical Arabic, and Haitian Creole/French in Haiti. The varieties have different domains of use and grammars, with H being more complex and standardized.
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This document discusses the concept of diglossia, which refers to a situation where two varieties of the same language exist side by side within a speech community. It introduces diglossia and defines it as a stable language situation where a community uses a primary dialect as well as a divergent, codified superposed variety used for formal purposes like education, writing, and official spoken contexts. It then discusses different aspects of diglossia, including the functions of high vs low varieties, prestige and acquisition of the varieties, standardization efforts, differences in grammar, lexicon, and phonology between varieties. The document concludes that in diglossia, no one speaks the high variety as a mother tongue.
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Diglossia refers to a stable language situation where two varieties of the same language are used by a language community. The high variety (H) has prestige and is used for formal, written communication while the low variety (L) lacks prestige and is used for informal, spoken communication. Some key aspects of diglossia include the high variety having prestige, a literary heritage, acquisition through formal education, standardization, a simpler grammar in the low variety, differing lexicons between the varieties, and the high variety having a divergent sound system from the low variety.
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References:
1. Wardhaugh, Ronald and Fuller, M. Janet (2015), An introduction to Linguistics, John Wiley & Sons, inc
2. Holmes, Janet and Wilson, Nick. (2017), An introduction to Linguistics, Rutledge.
Language Choice in Multilingual Communities
Member of group:
1. Shinta Artha Gracia (21202244046)
2. Suci Aulia Puteri Gusna (21202244049)
3. Farhan Alzi Putra (21202244122)
References:
1. Wardhaugh, Ronald and Fuller, M. Janet (2015), An introduction to Linguistics, John Wiley & Sons, inc
2. Holmes, Janet and Wilson, Nick. (2017), An introduction to Linguistics, Rutledge.
Outline of a theory of diglossia
This document outlines a theory of diglossia by distinguishing it from related concepts like societal bilingualism. It argues that diglossia involves register variation based on context of use rather than social identity. This functional complementarity between high (H) and low (L) varieties promotes stability by ensuring no social group uses H for ordinary conversation, preventing it from being acquired as a native variety. The document aims to motivate this distinction theoretically based on how codes are distributed functionally and how linguistic repertoires change over time under diglossia versus societal bilingualism.
Chapter 4 Languages in Contact: Multilingual Societies and Multilingual Disco...
- Multilingualism is common across the world, with speakers often using multiple languages in daily life depending on the context. This document discusses concepts like diglossia, where distinct "high" and "low" varieties of the same language are used under different conditions.
- Code-switching refers to switching between languages or language varieties within conversations. It can be obligatory, as in diglossia, or optional. Accommodation through convergence and divergence also influences code-switching.
- Multilingual identities are fluid and culturally constructed, as seen in examples of Dominican Americans in the US asserting their own identity through language use.
Bilingualism, Multilingualism & Diglossia
This document defines bilingualism and multilingualism as speaking and understanding two or more languages. It discusses bilingualism at the individual and societal levels, and provides examples of officially bilingual countries like Canada and Belgium. It also describes different types of bilingual speakers and domains of language use. The document defines diglossia as the use of two varieties of the same language in different social contexts. It provides examples of diglossia in Arabic countries and medieval Europe. Diglossia is characterized by a "high" variety used in formal settings and a "low" variety used informally.
IfalArtica_ppt.pptx
This document discusses language and communication. It begins by summarizing Wardhaugh's view that for communication between two people, they must use a shared communication system or code called language. It notes that language is something that defines membership within community groups. However, it also notes that the form language takes can vary between societies. As an example, it discusses how English-speaking countries like the US, UK, Australia and New Zealand do not all use language in exactly the same way. The document then discusses how social dimensions influence language use in different communication contexts, like using formal language in a work meeting versus casual language when socializing with family. Finally, it briefly discusses Wardhaugh's view that language shapes how people perceive the world
22202289009_Bilingualism_Moh Rafli_Ifal Sukatri.pptx
1. Multilingualism refers to using multiple languages either by an individual or group. Most multilingual people are fluent in at least 3 languages.
2. Bilingualism is using two languages in daily life. Around 1 in 3 people worldwide are bilingual or multilingual.
3. Diglossia refers to using two separate languages or dialects in different social contexts. It is more common among speech communities than individuals. Diglossia has high and low varieties that are used for distinct functions.
22202249007_Bilingualism_Ifal Sukatri_Ifal Sukatri.pptx
1. Multilingualism refers to using multiple languages either by an individual or group. Most multilingual people are fluent in at least 3 languages.
2. Bilingualism is using two languages in daily life. Around 1 in 3 people worldwide are bilingual or multilingual.
3. Diglossia refers to using two separate languages or dialects in different social contexts. It is more common among speech communities than individuals. Diglossia has high and low varieties that are used for distinct functions.
22202289020_Bilingualism_Jen Ulitami_Ifal Sukatri (1).pdf
1. Multilingualism refers to using multiple languages either by an individual or group. Most multilingual people are fluent in at least 3 languages.
2. Bilingualism is using two languages in daily life. Around 1 in 3 people worldwide are bilingual or multilingual.
3. Diglossia refers to using two separate languages or dialects in different social contexts. It is more common among speech communities than individuals. Diglossia has high and low varieties that are used for distinct functions.
MULTILINGUALISM_-BILINGUALISM_-DIGLOSSIA (1).pdf
1. Multilingualism refers to using multiple languages either by an individual or group. Most multilingual people are fluent in at least 3 languages.
2. Bilingualism is using two languages in daily life. Around 1 in 3 people worldwide are bilingual or multilingual.
3. Diglossia refers to using two separate languages or dialects in different social contexts. It is more common among speech communities than individuals. Diglossia has high and low varieties that are used for distinct functions.
21202244039_Bilingualism_Anita Sintawati_Erica Febriana Saputri.pptx
Three key concepts are discussed in the document:
1. Diglossia refers to situations where two distinct varieties of the same language are used in a community, with one variety regarded as "high" and used formally, and the other as "low" and used informally.
2. Bilingualism refers to individuals who can speak two languages, which may be either elite bilingualism involving high status languages, or immigrant bilingualism involving a high and low status language.
3. Multilingualism involves situations where speakers can and do use more than one language in their daily lives and interactions, shaping social relationships and identities.
21202244044_Bilingualism_Anindita Rahma Maysa_Erica Febriana Saputri.pptx
Three key concepts are discussed in the document:
1. Diglossia refers to situations where two distinct varieties of the same language are used in a community, with one variety regarded as "high" and used formally, and the other as "low" and used informally.
2. Bilingualism refers to individuals who can speak two languages, which may be either elite bilingualism involving high status languages, or immigrant bilingualism involving a high and low status language.
3. Multilingualism involves situations where speakers can and do use more than one language in their daily lives and interactions, shaping social relationships and identities.
21202244047_Bilingualism_Erica Febriana Saputri_Erica Febriana Saputri.pptx
Three key concepts are discussed in the document:
1. Diglossia refers to situations where two distinct varieties of the same language are used in a community, with one variety regarded as "high" and used formally, and the other as "low" and used informally.
2. Bilingualism refers to individuals who can speak two languages, which may be either elite bilingualism involving high status languages, or immigrant bilingualism involving a high and low status language.
3. Multilingualism involves situations where speakers can and do use more than one language in their daily lives and interactions, shaping social relationships and identities.
22202249007_Bilingualism_Ifal Sukatri_Ifal Sukatri.pptx
1. Multilingualism refers to using multiple languages either by an individual or group. Most multilingual people can speak at least three languages fluently.
2. Bilingualism is using two languages in daily life. Around the world, one in three people are bilingual or multilingual. Bilingualism can develop from growing up with two languages or learning a second language later in life.
3. Diglossia refers to a state of bilingualism where two varieties of the same language or dialect are used in different social contexts by a speech community. It involves distinguishing a "high" and "low" variety for different functions.
Sociolinguistics_Disglossia, bilingualism, and multilingualism_Anisah029 Saji...
This document discusses concepts related to language use in communities, including diglossia, multilingualism, and bilingualism. Diglossia refers to a situation where two variations of the same language are used in different circumstances. Multilingualism is the ability to communicate in three or more languages at an individual or community level. Bilingualism describes a situation where two languages are used side by side, each with a distinct role, such as in Canada with French and English.
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Diglossia
- 1. Diglossia By Prof.R.R.Borse, Asst.Prof., BP Arts, SMA Sci, KKC Com. College, Chalisgaon
- 3. The word “Diglossia” derived from the Greek word “diglossos” meaning ‘bilingual’ based on the pattern of French “diglossie”.
- 4. The term Diglossia was first introduced in English by Charles A. Ferguson in 1959. He is credited to be the first linguist who used the specific term, “diglossia in his article‟(1959) entitled, “Diglossia”
- 9. In linguistics, diglossia is a situation in which two varieties of language are used by a single language community. In addition to the community's everyday or vernacular language variety (labeled "L" or "low" variety), a second, highly codified lect (labeled "H" or "high") is used in certain situations such as literature, formal education, or other specific settings, but not used normally for ordinary conversation.