This document discusses the topic of dialectology, which is the scientific study of linguistic dialects. It defines dialect as a specific form of a language that is peculiar to a certain region or social group. Dialectology studies variations in language based on geographic distribution and associated features. To distinguish between dialects of the same language, speakers must be able to understand each other. The document outlines levels of dialect analysis including geography, ethnicity, and social class. It also discusses the need to study dialects from both linguistic and social perspectives.

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2. Dialectology
Presented To: Prof. Maqsood Alam Rizvi
Presented By: Asma Saif Ullah
Roll # 09
M-Phil Linguistics
Department of English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan

3. Definition:
•Dialect is a specific form of a given language, spoken in a
certain locality or geographic area, showing sufficient
differences from the standard of literary form of that language.
•A particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific
region or social group.
For Example:
A Northern American might say, “hello.”
A Southern American might say, “howdy.”

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Criteria For Dialect:
The Criteria used in the study of Dialects or Dialectology is
that:
To distinguish between dialects of same language it is
compulsory that the speakers having different dialects can
understand what is being said. But if the speakers can not
understand each other, it will be regarded as two different
languages not two dialects of the same language.

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Dialectology:
•The study of Dialects on the basis of linguistics items and their
variations is called Dialectology. It is the study of language in
relation to dialects of one regional angle. Dialectology is the
scientific study of linguistic dialect, a sub-field of sociolinguistics.
•It studies variations in language based primarily on geographic
distribution and their associated features.

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Levels of Dialect Analysis:
•Geography.
•Ethnicity.
•Social Class.
Fields of Dialect Analysis:
•Grammatical Analysis
•Lexical Analysis
•Phonological Features

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Need of Dialect Study:
•It is a fact that Each dialect is worthy of analysis as each language
is worthy of analysis.
•It is important to recognize from linguistic point of view that none
of the variety of language is inherently better than any other variety
of language. They are simply different.
•But from Social point of view some varaieties become more
prestigious.

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Standard Language and Dialectology:
•By prestige dialect we mean that these dialects are not
stigmatized in the society in which they are spoken.
•Dialectology proves that the variety that develops as standard
language is socially prestigious dialect, originally associated
with economic and political power. For example:
• The dialect “London” is regarded as prestigious dialect of
English language in England