This document defines and discusses the concepts of multilingualism, bilingualism, and diglossia. It states that multilingualism is the ability to communicate effectively in three or more languages. Bilingualism is defined as the use of two languages or language codes, where speakers must master both their native language and a foreign language. Diglossia refers to a situation where two languages or language varieties are used in different contexts by the same speakers, such as a high (H) variety used in formal situations and a low (L) variety used in informal situations.

1. Multilingualism,
Billingualism, and
Diglossia

2. Friska Yanti Br
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Salwa Sabina
Zakia Rohmatun
Naimah
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Índice

3. Multilingualis
m
01

4. Multilingualis
m
Multilingualism is the ability of an individual speaker or a
community of speakers to communicate effectively in
three or more languages. Contrast with monolingualism,
the ability to use only one language.
A person who can speak multiple languages is known as
a polyglot or a multilingual.

5. Types of multilingualism
Can speak 2 different
languages
Can speak 3 different
languages
Can speak 4 or more
different languages
Billingualism Trilingualism Multilingualism

6. Billingualis
m
02

7. What is Billingualism?
Billingualism is the use of two languages ​​or two language codes, which
means that it is interpreted as the use of two languages ​​by a speaker in
his interaction with other people in turn. To be able to use two
languages, speakers must master both languages, consisting of mother
tongue (B1) and foreign language (B2).
A person who can use two languages ​​is called bilingual. While the ability
to use two languages ​​is called bilinguality. An ideal or balanced bilingual
speaks each language as proficiently as an educated native speaker.
This is often referred to as an ideal type since few people are regarded
as being able to reach this standard.

8. Billingualism phenomenon
Bilingual comes from contact between people of different nationalities whereas
this contact can be forced under certain circumstances or chosen by the people
themselves.
For example, there is an Indonesian citizen who is married to a German, so that
she knows what her husband is saying and can communicate fluently, she must
also master German. So he can use 2 different languages ua

9. Diglossia
03

10. What is digglosia?
Diglossia is the situation in which two languages (or two varieties of the
same language) are used in different contexts within a community,
frequently by the same speakers. This happens when there is a mixture of
speakers who speak both languages. This is something that is possible
whenever there are two or more people speaking the same language.
The name “diglossia” is derived from the pattern “duglossie” and comes
from the Greek word “diglossos,” which translates to “bilingual.”

11. Varieties of Digglosia
The H variety The L variety
Considered to be no formal
standard, less worthy.
Considered to be standard
variety and rather highly and
more prestige

12. The H variety
of diglossia
● It is considered to be the standard
variety.
● The H variety is one that is
regarded rather highly due to its
high value.
● Use in formal situations, for
example conference, teaching
● The letter H is the form that is
used for the vast majority of
written work.

13. The L variety
of diglossia
● The L variety is considered to be the
non-standard type
● People use it in informal setting, such as
with family members, neighbors, close
friends, and other persons in similar
relationships.
● The L variant is regarded as being less
worthy, broken, vulgar, and lacking in
definition.

14. THANK YOU