Diarrhea is loose, watery stools. Having
diarrhea means passing loose stools three or more times a day. Acute diarrhea
is a common problem that usually lasts 1 or 2 days and goes away on its own.
Diarrhea lasting more than 2 days may be a
sign of a more serious problem. Chronic diarrhea—diarrhea that lasts at least 4
weeks—may be a symptom of a chronic disease. Chronic diarrhea symptoms may be
continual or they may come and go.
Diarrhea of any duration may cause
dehydration, which means the body lacks enough fluid and electrolytes—chemicals
in salts, including sodium, potassium, and chloride—to function properly. Loose
stools contain more fluid and electrolytes and weigh more than solid stools.
People of all ages can get diarrhea. In the
United States, adults average one bout of acute diarrhea each year, and young
children have an average of two episodes of acute diarrhea each year.
Acute infectious diarrhea
Seminar Prepared by :-
Mohammed Musa
Mohammed Saadi
Hussein Jassam
Mahmoud Ahmed
Meran Salih
Internal Medicine
College of Medicine - University of Kirkuk
constipation in children , pediatric constipation , management of constipation in children , understanding constipation , causes of constipation in children , functional constipation in children , treatment of constipation ,approach to constipation in children ,constipation in infants
Acute infectious diarrhea
Seminar Prepared by :-
Mohammed Musa
Mohammed Saadi
Hussein Jassam
Mahmoud Ahmed
Meran Salih
Internal Medicine
College of Medicine - University of Kirkuk
constipation in children , pediatric constipation , management of constipation in children , understanding constipation , causes of constipation in children , functional constipation in children , treatment of constipation ,approach to constipation in children ,constipation in infants
Diarrhea Dast (दस्त) in Hindi Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Prevention and TreatmentKashinath Ghadage
Diarrhea is known as Dast in Hindi, this presentation highlights all relevant information about Diarrhea Hindi. Find what are causes of Diarrhea are (दस्त के क्या कारण है?), understand symptoms of diarrhea (दस्त के कौँसे लक्षण होते है?), diagnosis (निदान), prevention (रोकथाम) and treatment (इलाज़) for Diarrhea (Dast).
Have you ever had
the "stomach flu?" What you probably had was gastroenteritis - not a
type of flu at all. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the
intestines caused by a virus, bacteria or parasites. Viral gastroenteritis is
the second most common illness in the U.S. It spreads through contaminated food
or water, and contact with an infected person. The best prevention is frequent
hand washing.
Symptoms of
gastroenteritis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, fever
and chills. Most people recover with no treatment.
The most common
problem with gastroenteritis is dehydration. This happens if you do not drink
enough fluids to replace what you lose through vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration
is most common in babies, young children, the elderly and people with weak
immune systems.
Diarrhea - a detailed study (symptoms, management ,all medical aspects)martinshaji
Diarrhea describes loose, watery #stools that occur more frequently than usual. Diarrhea is something everyone #experiences. Diarrhea often means more-frequent trips to the toilet and a greater volume of stool.
In most cases, diarrhea #signs and #symptoms usually last a couple of days. But sometimes diarrhea can last for weeks. In these #situations, diarrhea can be a sign of a #serious #disorder, such as #inflammatory #bowel #disease, or a less serious #condition, such as #irritable bowel #syndrome
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Is defined as diarrhea with visible blood in
stools.
The most important and frequent cause of
acute dysentery is Shigella. Other causes
include Campylobacter jujeni, Salmonella,
and enteroinvasive E. coli.
Entameba histolytica causes dysentery in
older children but rarely in children under 5
years of age
Dysentery is specially sever in :-
1. Malnourished infants and children.
2.Those who develop clinically evident
dehydration during their illness. 3. Those who
are not breast fed. 4. Children with measles
or had measles in the preceding month.
5. Those who present with convulsion or
develop coma.
Overweight and obesity are both labels
for ranges of weight that are greater than what is generally
considered healthy for a given height. The terms also identify ranges
of weight that have been shown to increase the likelihood of certain
diseases and other health problems.
Corneal injury describes an injury to the
cornea. The cornea is the crystal clear (transparent) tissue covering the front
of the eye. It works with the lens of the eye to focus images on the retina.
Drug addiction is a complex illness characterized by intense and, at times, uncontrollable drug craving, along with compulsive drug seeking and use that persist even in the face of devastating consequences. While the path to drug addiction begins with the voluntary act of taking drugs, over time a person's ability to choose not to do so becomes compromised, and seeking and consuming the drug becomes compulsive. This behavior results largely from the effects of prolonged drug exposure on brain functioning. Addiction is a brain disease that affects multiple brain circuits, including those involved in reward and motivation, learning and memory, and inhibitory control over behavior.
Because drug abuse and addiction have so many dimensions and disrupt so many aspects of an individual's life, treatment is not simple. Effective treatment programs typically incorporate many components, each directed to a particular aspect of the illness and its consequences. Addiction treatment must help the individual stop using drugs, maintain a drug-free lifestyle, and achieve productive functioning in the family, at work, and in society. Because addiction is typically a chronic disease, people cannot simply stop using drugs for a few days and be cured. Most patients require long-term or repeated episodes of care to achieve the ultimate goal of sustained abstinence and recovery of their lives.
Too often, addiction goes untreated: According to SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 23.2 million persons (9.4 percent of the U.S. population) aged 12 or older needed treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol use problem in 2007. Of these individuals, 2.4 million (10.4 percent of those who needed treatment) received treatment at a specialty facility (i.e., hospital, drug or alcohol rehabilitation or mental health center). Thus, 20.8 million persons (8.4 percent of the population aged 12 or older) needed treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol use problem but did not receive it. These estimates are similar to those in previous years.
Addiction results when a person ingests a
substance (alcohol, cocaine, or nicotine, for example) or repeatedly takes part
in an activity (gambling) that can be pleasurable, but the continued use of
which becomes compulsive and interferes with everyday life.
Common addictions include:
-- Alcohol abuse
-- Drug abuse
-- Exercise abuse
-- Pornography
-- Gambling
Classic symptoms of addiction include
impaired control over substances/behavior, preoccupation with
substance/behavior, continued use despite consequences, and denial. Behavior
patterns and habits associated with addiction are commonly characterized by the
pursuit of immediate gratification, coupled with negative long-term effects.
Physiological dependence results when the
body is unable to function normally in the absence of the substance or
behavior. This state produces the conditions of tolerance and withdrawl.
Tolerance is the result of the body
requiring larger volumes of the substance or stimulus in order to achieve the
original effects.
Withdrawal is the physical and
psychological symptoms experienced when the body no longer receives the
substance in the same quantities it has become reliant upon.
When winter temperatures drop significantly below normal, staying
warm and safe can become a challenge. Extremely cold temperatures
often accompany a winter storm, so you may have to cope with power failures and icy roads. Although staying indoors as much as possible can help reduce the risk of car crashes and falls on the ice, you may also face indoor hazards.
Many homes will be too cold—either due to a power failure or because the heating system isn't adequate for the weather. When people must use space heaters and fireplaces to stay warm, the risk of household fires increases, as well as the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Exposure to cold temperatures, whether indoors or outside, can cause other serious or life-threatening health problems. Infants and the elderly are particularly at risk, but anyone can be affected. To keep yourself and your family safe, you should know how to prevent cold-related health problems and what to do if a cold-weather health emergency arises. The emergency procedures outlined here are not a substitute for training in first aid. However, these procedures will help you to know when to seek medical care and what to do until help becomes available.
Maintaining a healthy office environment requires attention to chemical hazards, equipment and work station design, physical environment (temperature, humidity, light, noise, ventilation, and space), task design, psychological factors (personal interactions, work pace, job control) and sometimes, chemical or other environmental exposures.
A well-designed office allows each employee to work comfortably without needing to over-reach, sit or stand too long, or use awkward postures (correct ergonomic design). Sometimes, equipment or furniture changes are the best solution to allow employees to work comfortably. On other occasions, the equipment may be satisfactory but the task could be redesigned. For example, studies have shown that those working at computers have less discomfort with short, hourly breaks.
Situations in offices that can lead to injury or illness range from physical hazards (such as cords across walkways, leaving low drawers open, objects falling from overhead) to task-related (speed or repetition, duration, job control, etc.), environmental (chemical or biological sources) or design-related hazards (such as nonadjustable furniture or equipment). Job stress that results when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities or resources of the worker may also result in illness.
When quitting smoking many people feel the need
for help in the form of a tobacco substitute. There are a wide variety of
different products billed as alternatives to smoking that are supposedly healthier.
The main additive in cigarettes that makes them so addictive is
nicotine. Hence most of the products that aim to replace smoking are nicotine
replacements such as nicotine gum, inhalers, patches and medications.
Other products are sold as smokeless tobacco such as snuff and hookah or as better because they are low yield cigarettes. Not all of these smoking substitutes are
healthy or even better than cigarettes.
Tobacco use can lead to nicotine dependence and serious health problems. Cessation can significantly reduce the risk of suffering from smoking-related diseases. Tobacco dependence is a chronic condition that often requires repeated interventions, but effective treatments and helpful resources exist. Smokers can and do quit smoking. In fact, today there are more former smokers than current smokers.
Small changes can make a big difference in reducing your chances of having alcohol-related problems. Whatever strategies you choose, give them a fair trial. If one approach doesn't work, try something else. But if you haven't made progress in cutting down after 2 to 3 months, consider quitting drinking altogether, seeking professional help, or both.
Here are some strategies to try, and you can add your own at the end. Check off perhaps two or three to try in the next week or two. Then click List my choices, and you can print or email them to yourself.
-- Keep track -Keep track of how much you drink. Find a way that works for you, carry drinking tracker cards in your wallet, make check marks on a kitchen calendar, or enter notes in a mobile phone notepad or personal digital assistant. Making note of each drink before you drink it may help you slow down when needed.
-- Count and measure -Know the standard drink sizes so you can count your drinks accurately. Measure drinks at home. Away from home, it can be hard to keep track, especially with mixed drinks, and at times, you may be getting more alcohol than you think. With wine, you may need to ask the host or server not to "top off" a partially filled glass.
-- Set goals -Decide how many days a week you want to drink and how many drinks you'll have on those days. It's a good idea to have some days when you don't drink. Drinkers with the lowest rates of alcohol use disorders stay within the low-risk limits.
-- Pace and space -When you do drink, pace yourself. Sip slowly. Have no more than one standard drink with alcohol per hour. Have "drink spacers"—make every other drink a non-alcoholic one, such as water, soda, or juice.
-- Include food -Don't drink on an empty stomach. Eat some food so the alcohol will be absorbed into your system more slowly.
-- Find alternatives -If drinking has occupied a lot of your time, then fill free time by developing new, healthy activities, hobbies, and relationships, or renewing ones you've missed. If you have counted on alcohol to be more comfortable in social situations, manage moods, or cope with problems, then seek other, healthy ways to deal with those areas of your life.
-- Avoid "triggers." -What triggers your urge to drink? If certain people or places make you drink even when you don't want to, try to avoid them. If certain activities, times of day, or feelings trigger the urge, plan something else to do instead of drinking. If drinking at home is a problem, keep little or no alcohol there.
-- Plan to handle urges -When you cannot avoid a trigger and an urge hits, consider these options: Remind yourself of your reasons for changing (it can help to carry them in writing or store them in an electronic message you can access easily). Or talk things through with someone you trust. Or get involved with a healthy, distracting activity, such as physical exercise or a hobby that doesn't involve drinking. Or, instead of fighting the feeling, accept i
Don't give up
Changing habits such as smoking, overeating, or drinking too much can take a lot of effort, and you may not succeed with the first try. Setbacks are common, but you learn more each time. Each try brings you closer to your goal. Whatever course you choose, give it a fair trial.
If one approach doesn't work, try something else. If a setback happens, get back on track as quickly as possible. In the long run, your chances for success are good.
Research shows that most heavy drinkers, even those with alcoholism, either cut back significantly or quit.
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a set of symptoms that people who have a history of alcoholism experience when they stop drinking. People who are casual drinkers rarely have withdrawal symptoms.
People who have gone through withdrawal before are more likely to have withdrawal symptoms each time they quit drinking.
Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal can range from severe to mild, and can include:
-- Insomnia
-- Nightmares
-- Irritability
-- Fatigue
-- Shakes
-- Sweats
-- Anxiety
-- Depression
-- Headaches
-- Decreased appetite
Severe withdrawal symptoms include fever, convulsions and delirium tremens (DTs). Those who experience DTs may become confused, anxious and even have hallucinations. DTs can be very serious if they are not treated by a doctor.
Eat healthy
-- Eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains every day.
-- Limit foods and drinks high in calories, sugar, salt, fat, and alcohol.
-- Eat a balanced diet to help keep a healthy weight.
--
Learn the Facts
When you get a preventive medical test,
you're not just doing it for yourself. You're doing it for your family and
loved ones:
-- Men are 24 percent less likely than women
to have visited a doctor within the past year and are 22 percent more likely to
have neglected their cholesterol tests.
-- Men are 28 percent more likely than women
to be hospitalized for congestive heart failure.
-- Men are 32 percent more likely than women
to be hospitalized for long-term complications of diabetes and are more than
twice as likely than women to have a leg or foot amputated due to complications
related to diabetes.
-- Men are 24 percent more likely than women
to be hospitalized for pneumonia that could have been prevented by getting an
immunization.
The single most important way you can take
care of yourself and those you love is to actively take part in your health
care. Educate yourself on health care and participate in decisions with your
doctor. This site will help you get started.
Learn the Facts
When you get a preventive medical test, you're not just doing it for yourself. You're doing it for your family and loved ones:
-- Men are 24 percent less likely than women to have visited a doctor within the past year and are 22 percent more likely to have neglected their cholesterol tests.
-- Men are 28 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for congestive heart failure.
-- Men are 32 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for long-term complications of diabetes and are more than twice as likely than women to have a leg or foot amputated due to complications related to diabetes.
-- Men are 24 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for pneumonia that could have been prevented by getting an immunization.
The single most important way you can take care of yourself and those you love is to actively take part in your health care. Educate yourself on health care and participate in decisions with your doctor. This site will help you get started.
When you get a preventive medical test, you're not just doing it for yourself. You're doing it for your family and loved ones:
Men are 24 percent less likely than women to have visited a doctor within the past year and are 22 percent more likely to have neglected their cholesterol tests.
Men are 28 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for congestive heart failure.
Men are 32 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for long-term complications of diabetes and are more than twice as likely than women to have a leg or foot amputated due to complications related to diabetes.
Men are 24 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for pneumonia that could have been prevented by getting an immunization.
The single most important way you can take care of yourself and those you love is to actively take part in your health care. Educate yourself on health care and participate in decisions with your doctor. This site will help you get started.
Cancer screening is an essential part of preventative health screening for women of all ages. Here you can read about screening for breast and gynecological cancers.
Injury is the #1 killer of children and teens in the United States. In 2009, more than 9,000 youth age 0-19 died from unintentional injuries in the United States. Millions more children suffer injuries requiring treatment in the emergency department. Leading causes of child injury include motor vehicle crashes, suffocation, drowning, poisoning, fires, and falls.1 Child injury is predictable and preventable. It is also among the most under-recognized public health problems facing our country today.
Progress has been made in preventing child injury. Child injury death rates have decreased 29% in the last decade.2 Yet injury is still the leading cause of death for children and teens. More can be done to keep our children safe.
Shiatsu is a physical therapy that supports
and strengthens the body’s natural ability to heal and balance itself. It works
on the whole person - not just a physical body, but also a psychological,
emotional and spiritual being.
Shiatsu originated in Japan from traditional
Chinese medicine, with influences from more recent Western therapies. Although
shiatsu means ‘finger pressure’ in Japanese, in practise a practitioner uses
touch, comfortable pressure and manipulative techniques to adjust the body’s
physical structure and balance its energy flow. It is a deeply relaxing
experience and regular treatments can alleviate stress and illness and maintain
health and well-being.
An herb is a plant or plant part used for
its scent, flavor or therapeutic properties. Herbal medicine products are dietary supplements that
people take to improve their health. Many herbs have been used for a long time
for claimed health benefits. They are sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas,
extracts and fresh or dried plants. However, some can cause health problems,
some are not effective and some may interact with other drugs you are taking.
2. 1
Overview
Diarrhea is loose, watery stools. Having
diarrhea means passing loose stools three or more
times a day. Acute diarrhea
is a common problem that usually lasts 1 or 2 days
and goes away on its own.
3. 2
Overview
Diarrhea lasting more than 2 days may be a
sign of a more serious problem. Chronic diarrhea—
diarrhea that lasts at least 4
weeks—may be a symptom of a chronic disease.
Chronic diarrhea symptoms may be
continual or they may come and go.
4. 3
Overview
Diarrhea of any duration may cause
dehydration, which means the body lacks enough
fluid and electrolytes—chemicals
in salts, including sodium, potassium, and
chloride—to function properly. Loose
stools contain more fluid and electrolytes and
weigh more than solid stools.
5. 4
Overview
People of all ages can get diarrhea. In the
United States, adults average one bout of acute
diarrhea each year, and young
children have an average of two episodes of acute
diarrhea each year.
6. 5
Symptoms
Diarrhea may be accompanied by cramping,
abdominal pain, nausea, an urgent need to use the
bathroom, or loss of bowel
control. Some infections that cause diarrhea can
also cause a fever and chills
8. 7
Symptoms
Dehydration is particularly dangerous in
children, older adults, and people with weakened
immune systems. Dehydration
must be treated promptly to avoid serious health
problems, such as organ
damage, shock, or coma—a sleeplike state in
which a person is not conscious.
13. 12
Symptoms
Also, when people are dehydrated, their skin
does not flatten back to normal right away after
being gently pinched and
released.
Anyone with signs of dehydration should see a
14. 13
Symptoms
health care provider immediately. Severe
dehydration may require
hospitalization.
Although drinking plenty of water is
important in preventing dehydration, water does
not contain electrolytes.
15. 14
Symptoms
Adults can prevent dehydration by also drinking
liquids that contain
electrolytes, such as fruit juices, sports drinks,
caffeine-free soft drinks,
and broths. Children with diarrhea should be given
oral rehydration solutions such
17. 16
Diagnosis
If acute diarrhea lasts 2 days or less,
diagnostic tests are usually not necessary. If
diarrhea lasts longer or is
accompanied by symptoms such as fever or bloody
stools, a doctor may perform
18. 17
Diagnosis
tests to determine the cause.
Diagnostic tests to find the cause of
diarrhea may include the following:
-- Medical
history and physical examination.
19. 18
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about eating habits and
medication use and will perform a
physical examination to look for signs of illness.
-- Stool
culture. A sample of stool is
20. 19
Diagnosis
analyzed in a laboratory to check for bacteria,
parasites, or other signs of
disease and infection.
-- Blood
tests. Blood tests can be
helpful in ruling out certain diseases.
21. 20
Diagnosis
-- Fasting
tests. To find out if a food
intolerance or allergy is causing the diarrhea, the
doctor may ask a person to
avoid foods with lactose, carbohydrates, wheat, or
other ingredients to see
22. 21
Diagnosis
whether the diarrhea responds to a change in diet.
-- Sigmoidoscopy
or colonoscopy. These tests may
be used to look for signs of intestinal diseases that
cause chronic diarrhea.
23. 22
Diagnosis
For sigmoidoscopy, the doctor uses a thin, flexible,
lighted tube with a lens
on the end to look at the inside of the rectum and
lower part of the colon.
Colonoscopy is similar to sigmoidoscopy, but it
allows the doctor to view the
entire colon.
24. 23
Treatment
In most cases of diarrhea, the only treatment
necessary is replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to
prevent dehydration.
Over-the-counter medicines such as loperamide
25. 24
Treatment
(Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-
Bismol and Kaopectate) may help stop
diarrhea in adults. However, people with bloody
diarrhea—a sign of bacterial or
parasitic infection—should not use these
medicines. If diarrhea is caused by
26. 25
Treatment
bacteria or parasites, over-the-counter medicines
may prolong the problem, so
doctors usually prescribe antibiotics instead.
Medications to treat diarrhea in adults can
be dangerous for infants and children and should
only be given with a doctor’s
28. 27
Treatment
foods can aggravate diarrhea. Some people also
have problems digesting lactose
during or after a bout of diarrhea. Yogurt, which
has less lactose than milk,
is often better tolerated. Yogurt with active, live
bacterial cultures may even
29. 28
Treatment
help people recover from diarrhea more quickly.
As symptoms improve, soft, bland foods can be
added to the diet, including bananas, plain rice,
boiled potatoes, toast,
crackers, cooked carrots, and baked chicken
without the skin or fat. For
30. 29
Treatment
children, the health care provider may also
recommend a bland diet. Once the
diarrhea stops, the health care provider will likely
encourage children to
return to a normal and healthy diet if it can be
tolerated. Infants with
31. 30
Treatment
diarrhea should be given breast milk or full-
strength formula as usual, along
with oral rehydration solutions. Some children
recovering from viral diarrheas
have problems digesting lactose for up to a month
or more.
32. 31
Causes
Acute diarrhea is usually caused by a
bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Chronic
diarrhea is usually related
to a functional disorder such as irritable bowel
syndrome or an intestinal
33. 32
Causes
disease such as Crohn’s Disease.
The most common causes of diarrhea include
the following:
-- Bacterial
infections. Several types of
34. 33
Causes
bacteria consumed through contaminated food or
water can cause diarrhea. Common
culprits include Campylobacter, Salmonella,
Shigella, and Escherichia
coli (E. coli).
-- Viral
35. 34
Causes
infections. Many viruses cause
diarrhea, including rotavirus, norovirus,
cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex
virus, and viral hepatitis. Infection with the
rotavirus is the most common
cause of acute diarrhea in children. Rotavirus
diarrhea usually resolves in 3
36. 35
Causes
to 7 days but can cause problems digesting lactose
for up to a month or longer.
-- Parasites. Parasites can enter the body through
food or water
and settle in the digestive system. Parasites that
cause diarrhea include Giardia
39. 38
Causes
Some people have difficulty digesting certain
ingredients, such as lactose, the
sugar found in milk and milk products. Some
people may have diarrhea if they
eat certain types of sugar substitutes in excessive
quantities.
-- Reaction
40. 39
Causes
to medicines. Antibiotics,
cancer drugs, and antacids containing magnesium
can all cause diarrhea.
Some people develop diarrhea after stomach
surgery, which may cause food to move through
the digestive system more
41. 40
Causes
quickly.
People who visit certain foreign countries
are at risk for traveler’s diarrhea, which is caused
by eating food or drinking
water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or
parasites. Traveler’s diarrhea
42. 41
Causes
can be a problem for people traveling to
developing countries in Africa, Asia,
Latin America, and the Caribbean. Visitors to
Canada, most European countries,
Japan, Australia, and New Zealand do not face
much risk for traveler’s
diarrhea.
43. 42
Causes
In many cases, the cause of diarrhea cannot be
found. As long as diarrhea goes away on its own
within 1 to 2 days, finding the
cause is not usually necessary.
44. 43
Prevention
Two types of diarrhea can be
prevented—rotavirus diarrhea and traveler’s
diarrhea.
Rotavirus
Diarrhea
45. 44
Prevention
Two oral vaccines have been approved by the
U.S. Food and Drug Administration to protect
children from rotavirus
infections: rotavirus vaccine, live, oral, pentavalent
(RotaTeq); and rotavirus
vaccine, live, oral (Rotarix). RotaTeq is given to
infants in three doses at 2,
46. 45
Prevention
4, and 6 months of age. Rotarix is given in two
doses. The first dose is given
when infants are 6 weeks old, and the second is
given at least 4 weeks later
but before infants are 24 weeks old.
Parents of infants should discuss rotavirus
47. 46
Prevention
vaccination with a health care provider. For more
information, parents can
visit the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention rotavirus vaccination
webpage at www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-
vac/rotavirus.
Traveler’s
48. 47
Prevention
Diarrhea
To prevent traveler’s diarrhea, people
traveling from the United States to developing
countries should avoid:
drinking
tap water, using tap water to brush their teeth, or
using ice made from
50. 49
Prevention
peel the fruits or vegetables themselves
eating raw
or rare meat and fish
eating meat
or shellfish that is not hot when served
51. 50
Prevention
eating food
from street vendors
Travelers can drink bottled water, soft
drinks, and hot drinks such as coffee or tea.
People concerned about traveler’s diarrhea
52. 51
Prevention
should talk with a health care provider before
traveling. The health care
provider may recommend that travelers bring
medicine with them in case they
develop diarrhea during their trip. Health care
providers may advise some
53. 52
Prevention
people—especially people with weakened immune
systems—to take antibiotics
before and during a trip to help prevent traveler’s
diarrhea. Early treatment
with antibiotics can shorten a bout of traveler’s
diarrhea.