Department of Physiotherapy, SHUATS

1. Submitted to :-
Mrs. Surabhi Srivastava
Assistant professor
Department of physiotherapy
Shuats .
Submitted by :-
Aryan shyam
Id no. 21bphy005
Bpt- 3rd year

2. DIARRHEA.

4. INTRODUCTION :-
1. Diarrhea means having a loose, watery
stool during a bowel movement.
2. It’s common in both children and adults
and usually goes away on its own within a
few days.
3. The most common cause is an infection of
the intestines due to either a virus, bacterium,
or parasite—acondition also known
as gastroenteritis.
4. It often lasts for a few days and can result
in dehydrationdue to fluid loss.

5. Epidemiology :-
1. The infectious agents that causediarrhoea are usually spread by the faecal-oral route.
2. World health organization and UNICEF, there are 2 billion cases of diarrheal cases world
wide every year.
3. 1.9 million children younger than 5 year of age perish from diarrhea each year , mostly in
developing countries.
4. Main causes of death from acute diarrhea is dehydration. Other causes of death are
dysentery an undernutrition.
5.World widein 2004approximately2.5billion casesof diarrheaoccurredwhich result in 1.5
million deathsamong childrenunderageof 5 years.

6. Symptomsassociatedwithdiarrhea(loose,waterystools)
mayinclude:
•Bellycrampsorpain.
•Bloating.
•Nausea.
•Vomiting.
•Fever.
•Bloodinthestool.
•Mucusinthestool.
•Urgentneedtohaveabowelmovement.
SYMPTOMS :-

7. A number of diseasesand conditions can cause diarrhea,
including:
•Viruses. Viruses that can cause diarrhea include Norwalk
virus (also known as norovirus),enteric adenoviruses,
astrovirus,cytomegalovirus and viral hepatitis. Rotavirus is a
common cause of acute childhood diarrhea.
•Bacteria and parasites. Exposure to certain bacteria,
such as E. coli or parasites through contaminated food or
water, leads to diarrhea.When travelingin developing
countries, diarrhea caused by bacteria and parasites is often
called traveler's diarrhea.
CAUSES :-

8. •Medicines. Many medicines, such as antibiotics,
can cause diarrhea.Antibiotics get rid of infections by
killing bad bacteria, but they also kill good bacteria.
•Lactose intolerance. Lactose is a sugar found
in milk and other dairy products. People who have
trouble digestinglactose have diarrhea after eating
dairy products.
•Fructose. Fructose is a sugar found naturally in
fruits and honey. It's sometimes added as a
sweetener to certain beverages.Fructose can
lead to diarrheain people who have trouble
digestingit.

9. •Acute diarrhea:Acute diarrhea is loose, watery
diarrhea that lasts one to two days.It’s the most
common type and usually goes away without
treatment.
•Persistent diarrhea:Persistent diarrhea lasts about
two to four weeks.
•Chronic diarrhea:Chronic diarrhea lasts more than
four weeks or comes and goes regularly over a long
period. Diarrhea that lasts this long may indicate a
more serious condition that warrants a visit with your
healthcare provider.
TYPES OF
DIARRHEA :-

10. Indicationsof dehydrationinadults
These include:
•Excessive thirst.
•Dry mouth or skin.
•Littleor no urination.
•Weakness,dizzinessor lightheadedness.
•Fatigue.
•Dark-coloredurine.
Indicationsof dehydrationininfantsandyoungchildren
These include:
•Not havinga wet diaperin three or morehours.
•Dry mouth and tongue.
•Fever above102 F (39 C).
•Cryingwithouttears.
•Drowsiness,unresponsiveness or irritability.
•Sunken appearanceto the belly, eyes or cheeks.
indications :-

11. Preventinginfectiousdiarrhea
Wash your hands to prevent the spreadof
infectious diarrhea.To ensure adequate hand-
washing:
•Washfrequently.Wash your hands before and
after preparingfood.
•Latherwithsoap for at least 20 seconds.After
putting soap on your hands, rub your hands
together for at least 20 seconds.
•Use handsanitizerwhenwashingisn't
possible.Usean alcohol-basedhand sanitizer
when you can't get to a sink.
PREVENTIONS :-

12. Preventingtraveler'sdiarrhea
Diarrheacommonly affectspeople who travelto countries
wherethere's inadequatesanitationandcontaminatedfood.
To reduceyourrisk:
•Watchwhatyoueat.Eathot, well-cooked foods.Don'teat
rawfruitsandvegetablesunless you can peel them yourself.
•Watchwhatyoudrink.Drinkbottled water,soda,beer or
wineservedin itsoriginalcontainer. Don'tdrinktap wateror
use ice cubes.
•Beveragesmadewithboiled water,such as coffee andtea,
areprobably safe.Remember that alcohol andcaffeinecan
aggravatediarrheaand worsendehydration.
•Askyourhealthcareteamaboutantibiotics.If you're
travelingto a developing country for anextended time, aska
member of yourhealth careteam aboutantibioticsbefore
you go.

13. THANKYOU.