Civilization refers to advanced stages of social and cultural development characterized by progress in the arts, sciences, and forms of social organization. Early civilizations flourished along river valleys because they provided water, fertile soil, building materials, opportunities for fishing, transportation, trade, and a moderate climate. The Bronze Age saw the introduction of bronze, an alloy stronger than copper or tin alone, leading to improved tools and crafts. Notable early civilizations included those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and India, which developed writing systems, calendars, legal codes, herbal medicine, and other innovations while worshipping nature and engaging in agriculture.

1. Development of
Civilization
STD-VI HISTORY CHAPTER-10
PREPARED BY: MRS SABITA MISHRA

2. CIVILIZATION MEANS
It is that stage in human development
when a lot of progress took place in the
field of art,science ,social ,political and
economic institutions.

3. Early civilization flourished on the banks
of rivers because-
Meet the need of water
Fertile soil
Clay to make bricks for building houses.
Opportunity for fishing
Transportation
Trade
Moderate Climate

4. Bronze Age
New metal was introduced called bronze.
Bronze is an alloy of two metals ,i.e.tin and
copper.
It is stronger and more durable than tin and
copper.

5. Bronze Age
 Better tools and implements were made to
increase efficiency and production.
 Development of new skills and crafts.
The village settlements started exchanging goods.
The progress in trade and growth of cities led to
the rise of civilisations.

6. Mesopotamia
(Modern Iraq ,
Southern Turkey
and eastern
Syria),Egypt ,China
and India
Ancient
Civilizations

8. Common Characteristics and Differences
Civilizations Religion Occupations Inventions
Mesopotamia Civilization Worshipped forces of
nature in forms of many
gods
Agriculture , pottery ,
Glass and Cloth -
Making
Cuneiform script,process of
multiplication,division ,square
and cube root, System of
weights and measures ,Use of
herbs ,water clock ,lunar
calendar ,code of Hammurabi
Egyptian Civilization Worshipped Sun God-Ra
,Worshipped nature in the
form of moon ,floods.
Agriculture
,Domestication of
animals
Hieroglyphic script
,Papyrus,Solar Calendar
Chinese Civilization Worshipped nature in
form of earth ,oracles
Agriculture ,
Domestication of
animals , Painting
Sericulture
Pictographic script ,Paper
,Calender that was a
combination of lunar and solar
dates ,Use of herbal medicines
and Acupuncture

9. Hammurabi

10. Papyrus
It a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water
plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for
writing or painting on and also for making articles such as rope.
https://youtu.be/quYLGv4Qbcc
Watch the video to know how
from Papyrus paper is made

11. Cuneiform Script
(Mesopotamian Civilization)

12. Hieroglyphic Script
(Egyptian Civilization)

13. Pictographic Script
(Chinese Civilization)

14. Indus Valley Civilization Or Harappan
Civilization
Largest and oldest ancient civilization.
Remains were found in Mahen-jo-daro,Chan-hu-daro ,Rupar ,Lothal
,Kalibangan and many other places on the bank of Indus and its
tributaries in India.
The coins and other materials were excavated first at Harappa in
Punjab (now in Pakistan ) in 1921 by Shri R.B .Dayaram Sahawney.
He proved 5000 years ago ,there lived a civilised race in India.