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Unit ii
- 1. River Valley Civilizations What was the relationship between early people and the environment?
- 2. River Valley Civilizations Why did hunters and gatherers not have permanent homes?
- 3. River Valley Civilizations What are the changes that took place as a result of the Neolithic Revolution?
- 4. Writing Organized Systems Government Organized Economy Elements of a Based on Trade Civilization Urban Setting Early Civilizations Yellow/Huang He Locations Indus Nile Tigris-Euphrates New Technologies Writing Systems Contributions Architecture Laws Organized Religions
- 6. Timeline B.C. A.D. 0 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 500 Egyptian Sumerian Indian Chinese
- 7. The 4 MajorEarly River Valley Civilizations Sumerian Civilization Huang He R. Tigris and Chinese Euphrates R. Civilization Egyptian Indian Civilization Civilization Indus R. Where Civilization began
- 8. Civilization: Highly organized community with advanced elements of culture; politics, economy, art, technology, etc
- 9. Elements that definea civilization • Organized Government - Written laws (rules) - Leaders - Protection (police, military) • Organized Economy: - Trade within a culture and with other cultures - Tokens to represent value (money) - Reliable food supply • Writing System - Helps in communication - Record keeping - Using symbols to represent ideas • Urban Setting (Cities): - Many (unrelated) people living together in one large planned community
- 10. The 4 MajorRiver Valley Civilizations River Valley: Nile Civilization: Egyptian Important Things to Know: Leader called Pharaoh (King/God) Built the Pyramids – tombs for the Pharaohs Developed Hieroglyphics – picture-based writing
- 11. Rosetta Stone: Written inLatin, Greek and Egyptian Helped to translate the Hieroglyphics Hoax?
- 15. Old Kingdom United Upperand Lower Nile Pyramids & Sphinx Mummification Hieroglyphics
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- 17. Mummification Body cleaned and Wrapped (Embalmed) Incased in gold Sarcophagus Grave Robbers
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- 21. Khufu Built the GreatPyramid (Giza) Had the Sphinx built Pyramids for son and grandson
- 22. Pyramids Sandstone & Limestone Treasure buried with Pharaohs Tombs of the Pharaohs Which came first? Servants buried alive?
- 23. Sphinx Built in theimage of the Pharaoh How? Body of Lion NOVA: Riddles of the Head of the Pharaoh Sphinx
- 26. Middle Kingdom Created newfarm land Improved Technology (Irrigation) Hyksos Invasion (Chariots)
- 28. New Kingdom Hatshepsut –first female pharaoh Expand trade Thutmoses III – Stepson, Military Power, Restored Sphinx
- 29. New Kingdom Tutankhamen –King Tut Found by Howard Carter in 1922
- 30. New Kingdom Ramses II– 66 year rule Peace treaty Battles with Hittites (Asia) Great Builder
- 31. Ramses II Regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh. At 14 appointed Prince Regent by Seti Expanded Empire to greatest lengths Syria Campaign The Ramesseum – series of monuments and Temples
- 32. The Ramesseum “A kingdomgreater than that of my father” – Ramses II
- 33. Abu Simbel Relocated in1968 due to Aswan High Dam Queen Nefertari
- 34. Moses Born under the rule of Ramses I (Seti) Kill all new born boys Escaped on Nile Became Prince of Egypt Killed Slave Master Returned to free the Hebrews Exodus / Plagues of Egypt
- 35. The 4 MajorRiver Valley Civilizations River Valley: Tigris / Euphrates Civilization: Sumerian / Babylonian Important Things to Know: Also called Mesopotamia (Greek for “land between two rivers”) Located in the Fertile Crescent Developed Cuneiform – wedge-shaped writing Invented the wheel First written laws: Code of Hammurabi
- 36. Code of Hammurabi 1780 BC Code consists of 282 laws Scaled Punishments "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” Social Status Justice?
- 37. Hanging Gardens ofBabylon
- 40. The 4 MajorRiver Valley Civilizations River Valley: Indus Civilization: Indian Important Things to Know: Two main cities Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro – very well organized Learned to weave cotton into cloth
- 42. The 4 MajorRiver Valley Civilizations River Valley: Huang He (Yellow) Civilization: Chinese Important Things to Know: Writing symbols represented whole ideas Called themselves The Middle Kingdom, which is the belief that they were the center of the world (most important, better than others
- 44. What these Civilizationscontributed to our life: - Irrigation – getting water to crops • New Technologies: - Use of money - Use of metal – tools and weapons
- 46. What these Civilizationscontributed to our life: - Functional and beautiful • Architecture: - Used to praise gods and rulers
- 47. What these Civilizationscontributed to our life: • Organized - Polytheism – belief in many gods - Belief in an afterlife Religions: - Developed rituals that we still use today
- 49. What these Civilizationscontributed to our life: - Hammurabi’s Code of laws (1st written set of laws) came from the • Laws (written) Babylonian’s – based upon an “eye for an eye”
- 50. What these Civilizationscontributed to our life: - First writing developed to record trading – greatly increased human • Writing Systems: intelligence
- 51. Essential Questions How is a civilization different from a community?
- 52. Essential Questions What is the reason that the greatest early civilizations all developed in river valleys?
- 53. Essential Questions Compare and contrast the Nile and Tigris- Euphrates civilizations
- 54. Essential Questions Why was the development of writing systems so important to the development of civilizations?