Abstract— This paper deals with the design and implementation of a simple HMC6352 2-axis digital compass. Most compasses have been of the analogue type with magnetic needles as pointers. Replacing the “old” magnetic needle compass or the gyrocompass by an electronic solution offers advantages like having a solid-state component without moving parts and the ease of interfacing with other electronic systems. In this work, the aim is to design and implement a digital compass. To realize this, we made use of HMC6352 which is a 2-axis MR (magneto-resistive) sensor from Honeywell, Arduino Uno board with an onboard ATmega328 microcontroller chip, and a 16x2 character Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).We adopted the magneto-resistive (MR) technology as compared to flux-gate sensors common in most electronic compasses which has the disadvantage of making the device bulky. The trial test carried out with the completed HMC6352 digital compass showed a reading of 232.8 degrees West indicating its effectiveness in direction finding
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF WRIST-TILT BASED PC CURSOR CONTROL USING ACCELEROMETERIJCSEA Journal
Human computer Interfacing apparatus is key part in modern electronics period. Motion recognition can be well introduced in present day computers to play games. In this work simple inertial navigation sensor like accelerometer can be use to get Dynamic or Static acceleration profile of movement to move cursor of mouse or even rotate 3-D object. In this paper a human computer interfaces system is presented, which will be able to act as an enhanced version of one of the most common interfacing system, which is computer mouse. In this research work, an alternative to interact with computer, for those who do not want to use conventional HCI (human computer interface) or not able to use conventional human computer interface and this achieved by using a sensor accelerometer mount on human wrist or anywhere in human body.Accelerometer device use to detect the position in x, y direction caused by movement of device mount on the wrist, as referred from acceleration of gravity (1g=9.8m/s2). Accelerometer is connected with PIC16F877A for analog to digital conversion and PIC16F877A are connected with LCD for displaying the co-ordinates(x, y) in which the accelerometer move and it further connected with ZigBee transmitter which is used to transmit the wireless signal to ZigBee receiver. ZigBee receiver receives the signal from transmitting end and transferred to PC through MAX232 serial communication. In PC an application for cursor control in response to accelerometer movement is developed
Katalog trotec-infrared-camera-thermal-imager-thermography-ic-series-tridinamika, jual trotec ic series thermal imager, beli, info, harga, spesifikasi dan review
Dapatkan informasi lengkap tentang produk trotec di
www.tridinamika.com
untuk informasi dan pemesanan hubungi
sales@tridinamika.com
AIM:
1. Make a DC motor work like a stepper - you input an angle the motor must turn to that angle. Use a feedback control system. Implement this in hardware, no simulations allowed.
2. Make a GUI with python using pyside2 library to control the motor over UART. The GUI must take the input angle and display the sensed angle from motor. A minimal GUI is acceptable; however, it must function as required.
3. Make a video demonstration and put the link in the document. Also describe what you did in less than 200 words, add screenshots of the GUI, and attach the code(s).
4. Research on non-contact temperature sensors and the types available for medical applications. Do a write up in about 250 words.
IRJET- Weather Station Quadcopter using Arduino with NRF24L01 and GPS ModuleIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a quadcopter drone equipped with sensors to function as a wireless weather station. The drone is built using a wooden frame, brushless DC motors powered by lithium polymer batteries. An Arduino Uno acts as the flight controller, interfacing with an MPU6050 sensor for stabilization and an NRF24L01 transceiver to communicate with a remote control. Sensors measure weather parameters like temperature, humidity and pressure, and the data is logged to an SD card along with GPS coordinates from an attached GPS module. The drone aims to provide a low-cost alternative to traditional weather stations while allowing data collection in remote areas. Initial testing was successful in achieving stable flight and Bluetooth
This document describes a proposed system for an autonomous robotic vehicle that can detect live humans and assist with earthquake rescue operations. The robot would use a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to detect thermal radiation from live human bodies. It would then immediately alert rescue authorities so help could quickly reach survivors. The robot would be able to maneuver in earthquake areas using motors and precise control. Its goal is to help detect survivors faster than manual search methods, potentially saving lives. It would communicate wirelessly with a control station using Zigbee transmitters. The document outlines the system components, software, advantages like improved safety and accuracy, and potential future enhancements.
IRJET- A Review on Implementation of a Fire Fighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a firefighting robot controlled by an Arduino microcontroller and equipped with sensors to detect fires. The robot uses XBEE modules for wireless communication between a transmitting control station and the receiving robot. Sensors on the robot measure temperature, gas, and smoke to detect fires. When thresholds are exceeded, the robot sounds an alarm and its water pump activates to extinguish the fire. The control station allows remote operation of the robot's movement and other functions using a GUI. The robot is intended to assist firefighters by entering hazardous environments.
IRJET- Fire Fighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a firefighting robot controlled remotely using an Arduino, XBEE wireless module, and graphical user interface. The robot is equipped with a water tank, pump, motors to move in different directions, and a wireless camera for viewing its operations remotely. Sensors detect fire and the user controls the robot's movement and pump using the interface to approach and extinguish fires when people cannot safely do so themselves. The modular design allows individuals to work independently on components like sensing, movement, and wireless control that are then integrated on the robot to locate and fight fires without obstacles.
This document describes an IOT based weather reporting system that uses temperature, humidity, and rain sensors to monitor weather conditions and provide live reporting over the internet. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller connected to DHT11 and rain drop sensors to constantly measure temperature, humidity, and rainfall. The sensor data is transmitted to an online server via WiFi. Users can access the weather data by visiting a website. The system provides automated, real-time weather monitoring and reporting with high accuracy at a low cost.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF WRIST-TILT BASED PC CURSOR CONTROL USING ACCELEROMETERIJCSEA Journal
Human computer Interfacing apparatus is key part in modern electronics period. Motion recognition can be well introduced in present day computers to play games. In this work simple inertial navigation sensor like accelerometer can be use to get Dynamic or Static acceleration profile of movement to move cursor of mouse or even rotate 3-D object. In this paper a human computer interfaces system is presented, which will be able to act as an enhanced version of one of the most common interfacing system, which is computer mouse. In this research work, an alternative to interact with computer, for those who do not want to use conventional HCI (human computer interface) or not able to use conventional human computer interface and this achieved by using a sensor accelerometer mount on human wrist or anywhere in human body.Accelerometer device use to detect the position in x, y direction caused by movement of device mount on the wrist, as referred from acceleration of gravity (1g=9.8m/s2). Accelerometer is connected with PIC16F877A for analog to digital conversion and PIC16F877A are connected with LCD for displaying the co-ordinates(x, y) in which the accelerometer move and it further connected with ZigBee transmitter which is used to transmit the wireless signal to ZigBee receiver. ZigBee receiver receives the signal from transmitting end and transferred to PC through MAX232 serial communication. In PC an application for cursor control in response to accelerometer movement is developed
Katalog trotec-infrared-camera-thermal-imager-thermography-ic-series-tridinamika, jual trotec ic series thermal imager, beli, info, harga, spesifikasi dan review
Dapatkan informasi lengkap tentang produk trotec di
www.tridinamika.com
untuk informasi dan pemesanan hubungi
sales@tridinamika.com
AIM:
1. Make a DC motor work like a stepper - you input an angle the motor must turn to that angle. Use a feedback control system. Implement this in hardware, no simulations allowed.
2. Make a GUI with python using pyside2 library to control the motor over UART. The GUI must take the input angle and display the sensed angle from motor. A minimal GUI is acceptable; however, it must function as required.
3. Make a video demonstration and put the link in the document. Also describe what you did in less than 200 words, add screenshots of the GUI, and attach the code(s).
4. Research on non-contact temperature sensors and the types available for medical applications. Do a write up in about 250 words.
IRJET- Weather Station Quadcopter using Arduino with NRF24L01 and GPS ModuleIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a quadcopter drone equipped with sensors to function as a wireless weather station. The drone is built using a wooden frame, brushless DC motors powered by lithium polymer batteries. An Arduino Uno acts as the flight controller, interfacing with an MPU6050 sensor for stabilization and an NRF24L01 transceiver to communicate with a remote control. Sensors measure weather parameters like temperature, humidity and pressure, and the data is logged to an SD card along with GPS coordinates from an attached GPS module. The drone aims to provide a low-cost alternative to traditional weather stations while allowing data collection in remote areas. Initial testing was successful in achieving stable flight and Bluetooth
This document describes a proposed system for an autonomous robotic vehicle that can detect live humans and assist with earthquake rescue operations. The robot would use a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to detect thermal radiation from live human bodies. It would then immediately alert rescue authorities so help could quickly reach survivors. The robot would be able to maneuver in earthquake areas using motors and precise control. Its goal is to help detect survivors faster than manual search methods, potentially saving lives. It would communicate wirelessly with a control station using Zigbee transmitters. The document outlines the system components, software, advantages like improved safety and accuracy, and potential future enhancements.
IRJET- A Review on Implementation of a Fire Fighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a firefighting robot controlled by an Arduino microcontroller and equipped with sensors to detect fires. The robot uses XBEE modules for wireless communication between a transmitting control station and the receiving robot. Sensors on the robot measure temperature, gas, and smoke to detect fires. When thresholds are exceeded, the robot sounds an alarm and its water pump activates to extinguish the fire. The control station allows remote operation of the robot's movement and other functions using a GUI. The robot is intended to assist firefighters by entering hazardous environments.
IRJET- Fire Fighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a firefighting robot controlled remotely using an Arduino, XBEE wireless module, and graphical user interface. The robot is equipped with a water tank, pump, motors to move in different directions, and a wireless camera for viewing its operations remotely. Sensors detect fire and the user controls the robot's movement and pump using the interface to approach and extinguish fires when people cannot safely do so themselves. The modular design allows individuals to work independently on components like sensing, movement, and wireless control that are then integrated on the robot to locate and fight fires without obstacles.
This document describes an IOT based weather reporting system that uses temperature, humidity, and rain sensors to monitor weather conditions and provide live reporting over the internet. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller connected to DHT11 and rain drop sensors to constantly measure temperature, humidity, and rainfall. The sensor data is transmitted to an online server via WiFi. Users can access the weather data by visiting a website. The system provides automated, real-time weather monitoring and reporting with high accuracy at a low cost.
this is ppt based on the multi-application military robot which has mainly three applications1)metal detection
2)temperature detection
3)humidity detection
4)smoke detection
Automatic Room Light Controller Using Arduinom & PIR SensorAnkit Chaudhary
Automatic Room Lights System using Arduino is a very useful project as you need not worry about turning on and off the switches every time you want to turn on the lights. The main components of the Automatic Room Lights project are Arduino, PIR Sensor and the Relay Module.
Working Concept of Fire Fighting Robot: The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the Fire sensor module (flame sensor) that is shown below. As you can see these sensors have an IR Receiver (Photodiode) which is used to detect the fire.
Fire Fighting Robot using arduino UNO PPTFarhanAhmade
This document describes the design of an autonomous firefighting robot. The robot uses various sensors and components to locate and extinguish fires on its own without human assistance. It is equipped with IR fire sensors to detect the direction of fires, a motor driver and DC motors to navigate towards the fire, and a servo motor mounted water pump to extinguish fires. The goal is to create a robot that can reduce fire accidents and save lives and property through fully autonomous fire detection and response.
Human presence detection based room light controller using pir2.pptx [repaired]nikhilsinghia
This document describes a human presence detection system using a PIR sensor to control room lighting. The system aims to automatically turn lights on when a person enters a room and turn them off when the room is empty. It uses a PIR sensor to detect movement and a microcontroller to process the sensor readings and control a relay that switches the lights. The microcontroller is programmed using C language. The system is intended to automatically control room lighting without manual operation, saving energy when the space is unoccupied.
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms. This Project deals with live personal detection robot is based on 8 bit Microcontroller. This Robot follows which is drawn over the surface. Here we are using PIR sensor for detect the which are detect human. The project is mainly used in the DEBRIS for Earth quake rescue. Internally it consists of IR sensors. The infrared sensors are used to sense the live persons. All the above systems are controlled by the Microcontroller. In our project we are using the popular 8 bit microcontroller. The Microcontroller is used to control the motors. It gets the signals from the PIR sensors and it drives the motors according to the sensor inputs. Two DC Garemotors are used to drive the robot.
This document discusses motion sensing and detection. It defines motion and sensors, and describes different types of motion sensors including active sensors like RADAR and LiDAR, and passive sensors like infrared sensors. It outlines various motion sensing technologies such as passive infrared, ultrasonic, and microwave sensing. Applications of motion sensing in devices like the Leap Motion controller, Kinect, and PlayStation Move are also covered.
INTELLIGENT ROOM LIGHTING ON PERSON PRESENCESatish Kumar
This document describes an intelligent room lighting system that controls lights based on human presence. The system uses infrared sensors, an AT89C51 microcontroller, relays, transistors, LEDs, and an LDR light sensor. It can detect how many people are in a room and turn lights on only in occupied areas while leaving other areas unlit. This saves energy by avoiding lighting empty spaces. The system provides automatic and qualitative light control depending on activities like working or reading. It has applications in places like offices, schools, libraries, and factories to efficiently manage lighting usage.
This is a comprehensive list and description of 30 innovative products in 2019.
It has multidisciplinary products that I found interesting.
Relevant credits have been given to the corresponding owner/ researcher working on the product/idea.
Project Presentation on Passive infrared based human detection alive robot. Rescue and monitoring operation by the help of robot using loe cost infrared technology
This document describes an intelligent energy saving system that uses various sensors like PIR, LDR, and thermostat connected to a microcontroller to automatically control lighting and fan speed based on presence of people and room temperature. The system turns lights on when motion is detected and adjusts light brightness based on available light measured by the LDR. It also varies fan speed according to room temperature readings from the thermostat.
IRJET-Android Controlled Firefighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes an Android-controlled firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires autonomously. The robot uses temperature and smoke sensors to detect fires and a sprinkler system to extinguish fires. It is controlled through an Android application using Bluetooth. The robot can avoid obstacles using ultrasonic sensors. Fuzzy logic control algorithms allow the robot to track targets and avoid obstacles on its way to extinguish fires. The robot was designed to assist firefighters and help automate fire detection and response.
Haptic gloves controlled robotic arm using MEMS accelerometerijiert bestjournal
Robots of the current generation have been used in fields isolated from the human society. The definitions of robotics are numerous and varied,ultimately they all deal with a labour - saving machine that with increasing technological capabilities gets clos er and closer to human mechanical and mental capabilities. In order to represent the robotic technology in the field of human - machine interaction and wireless communication for allows interactivity in real - time with virtual objects it is very necessary to develop some or the other technology that makes the maximum use of robot to help people do their work in an efficient way in their day to day life . The main objective of the project is to design and develop the Robot that is used to move using wireless sys tem by recognizing hand motion that is controlled by haptics technology for virtual environment & human - machine systems capable of haptic interaction.
This document describes a student project to build a firefighting robot using an Arduino microcontroller. A group of electrical engineering students will present their project, which uses flame sensors to detect fire and a water pump to extinguish flames. The robot is able to autonomously sense and move towards a fire source, then activate the water pump. The presentation outlines the robot's components, circuit diagram, materials used, and working mechanism to demonstrate how the robot can help fight fires safely.
1. The document describes an intelligent lighting solution that uses sensors like IR, LDR, and Bluetooth to automate lighting and reduce electricity consumption.
2. The system turns lights on when motion is detected by the IR sensor and it is dark based on the LDR sensor. It can also be controlled remotely using Bluetooth.
3. By combining multiple sensors like IR, LDR, and Bluetooth, the lighting can be automated intelligently based on presence and light levels to reduce unnecessary electricity usage from lights.
The magnitude of problems faced due to traffic congestion is humongous. It is an issue that has affected all mankind for years. But we have tactically laid out a complete solution to this prevalent issue and it is expected to turn down the problems drastically, both in India and worldwide.
Real-Time Map Building using Ultrasound ScanningIRJET Journal
This document describes a device that uses an ultrasonic sensor to build maps of environments in real-time. The device scans the sensor across a 180 degree range to collect distance data points and generates a 2D map visualization. It is intended to enable robots to autonomously map and navigate environments. The device was able to generate basic maps of test environments but had some inaccuracies, depicting flat surfaces as arcs rather than straight lines due to the wide beam of the ultrasonic sensor. Improving the sensor resolution could help address these inaccuracies. The real-time mapping ability, low cost, and small size make the device suitable for mobile robot applications.
Total station and its application to civil engineeringTushar Dholakia
Total stations are surveying instruments that combine an electronic theodolite, electronic distance meter, and on-board computer. They allow users to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as slope distances to calculate coordinates. Modern total stations can store thousands of data points, perform computations, and transfer data remotely via memory cards or wireless connections. They have largely replaced standalone theodolites and distance meters due to greater accuracy, automation, and data processing capabilities. Total stations find wide application in civil engineering, mining, accident reconstruction, and other fields requiring precise spatial measurements and positioning.
IRJET-LRMSE: A Framework on Lunar Rover for Moon Surface ExplorationIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed lunar rover called LRMSE that would explore the moon's surface. The rover uses a rocker-bogie linkage for terrain movement and has sensors like ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection. It also has cameras, temperature/humidity sensors, and soil moisture sensors. An Arduino board controls the motors and sensors, while a Raspberry Pi is used for image processing to help the rover avoid obstacles by identifying their shape and color. The goal is for the rover to autonomously navigate the lunar surface while gathering data about environmental conditions.
1) Manu's Employee Estimating Device is a simple, low-cost people counter that uses an LDR light sensor and IC chips to count the number of employees entering a building. When light falling on the LDR is interrupted, the resistance changes and provides a clock pulse to increment the count displayed on seven segment displays.
2) The device aims to provide an affordable counting solution for small businesses. It works by detecting changes in light falling on an LDR sensor and using this to increment the count displayed.
3) The document discusses the components, working principle, advantages over other technologies, applications and concludes the device provides an inexpensive option for counting employees, especially suitable for small industries.
this is ppt based on the multi-application military robot which has mainly three applications1)metal detection
2)temperature detection
3)humidity detection
4)smoke detection
Automatic Room Light Controller Using Arduinom & PIR SensorAnkit Chaudhary
Automatic Room Lights System using Arduino is a very useful project as you need not worry about turning on and off the switches every time you want to turn on the lights. The main components of the Automatic Room Lights project are Arduino, PIR Sensor and the Relay Module.
Working Concept of Fire Fighting Robot: The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the Fire sensor module (flame sensor) that is shown below. As you can see these sensors have an IR Receiver (Photodiode) which is used to detect the fire.
Fire Fighting Robot using arduino UNO PPTFarhanAhmade
This document describes the design of an autonomous firefighting robot. The robot uses various sensors and components to locate and extinguish fires on its own without human assistance. It is equipped with IR fire sensors to detect the direction of fires, a motor driver and DC motors to navigate towards the fire, and a servo motor mounted water pump to extinguish fires. The goal is to create a robot that can reduce fire accidents and save lives and property through fully autonomous fire detection and response.
Human presence detection based room light controller using pir2.pptx [repaired]nikhilsinghia
This document describes a human presence detection system using a PIR sensor to control room lighting. The system aims to automatically turn lights on when a person enters a room and turn them off when the room is empty. It uses a PIR sensor to detect movement and a microcontroller to process the sensor readings and control a relay that switches the lights. The microcontroller is programmed using C language. The system is intended to automatically control room lighting without manual operation, saving energy when the space is unoccupied.
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms. This Project deals with live personal detection robot is based on 8 bit Microcontroller. This Robot follows which is drawn over the surface. Here we are using PIR sensor for detect the which are detect human. The project is mainly used in the DEBRIS for Earth quake rescue. Internally it consists of IR sensors. The infrared sensors are used to sense the live persons. All the above systems are controlled by the Microcontroller. In our project we are using the popular 8 bit microcontroller. The Microcontroller is used to control the motors. It gets the signals from the PIR sensors and it drives the motors according to the sensor inputs. Two DC Garemotors are used to drive the robot.
This document discusses motion sensing and detection. It defines motion and sensors, and describes different types of motion sensors including active sensors like RADAR and LiDAR, and passive sensors like infrared sensors. It outlines various motion sensing technologies such as passive infrared, ultrasonic, and microwave sensing. Applications of motion sensing in devices like the Leap Motion controller, Kinect, and PlayStation Move are also covered.
INTELLIGENT ROOM LIGHTING ON PERSON PRESENCESatish Kumar
This document describes an intelligent room lighting system that controls lights based on human presence. The system uses infrared sensors, an AT89C51 microcontroller, relays, transistors, LEDs, and an LDR light sensor. It can detect how many people are in a room and turn lights on only in occupied areas while leaving other areas unlit. This saves energy by avoiding lighting empty spaces. The system provides automatic and qualitative light control depending on activities like working or reading. It has applications in places like offices, schools, libraries, and factories to efficiently manage lighting usage.
This is a comprehensive list and description of 30 innovative products in 2019.
It has multidisciplinary products that I found interesting.
Relevant credits have been given to the corresponding owner/ researcher working on the product/idea.
Project Presentation on Passive infrared based human detection alive robot. Rescue and monitoring operation by the help of robot using loe cost infrared technology
This document describes an intelligent energy saving system that uses various sensors like PIR, LDR, and thermostat connected to a microcontroller to automatically control lighting and fan speed based on presence of people and room temperature. The system turns lights on when motion is detected and adjusts light brightness based on available light measured by the LDR. It also varies fan speed according to room temperature readings from the thermostat.
IRJET-Android Controlled Firefighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes an Android-controlled firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires autonomously. The robot uses temperature and smoke sensors to detect fires and a sprinkler system to extinguish fires. It is controlled through an Android application using Bluetooth. The robot can avoid obstacles using ultrasonic sensors. Fuzzy logic control algorithms allow the robot to track targets and avoid obstacles on its way to extinguish fires. The robot was designed to assist firefighters and help automate fire detection and response.
Haptic gloves controlled robotic arm using MEMS accelerometerijiert bestjournal
Robots of the current generation have been used in fields isolated from the human society. The definitions of robotics are numerous and varied,ultimately they all deal with a labour - saving machine that with increasing technological capabilities gets clos er and closer to human mechanical and mental capabilities. In order to represent the robotic technology in the field of human - machine interaction and wireless communication for allows interactivity in real - time with virtual objects it is very necessary to develop some or the other technology that makes the maximum use of robot to help people do their work in an efficient way in their day to day life . The main objective of the project is to design and develop the Robot that is used to move using wireless sys tem by recognizing hand motion that is controlled by haptics technology for virtual environment & human - machine systems capable of haptic interaction.
This document describes a student project to build a firefighting robot using an Arduino microcontroller. A group of electrical engineering students will present their project, which uses flame sensors to detect fire and a water pump to extinguish flames. The robot is able to autonomously sense and move towards a fire source, then activate the water pump. The presentation outlines the robot's components, circuit diagram, materials used, and working mechanism to demonstrate how the robot can help fight fires safely.
1. The document describes an intelligent lighting solution that uses sensors like IR, LDR, and Bluetooth to automate lighting and reduce electricity consumption.
2. The system turns lights on when motion is detected by the IR sensor and it is dark based on the LDR sensor. It can also be controlled remotely using Bluetooth.
3. By combining multiple sensors like IR, LDR, and Bluetooth, the lighting can be automated intelligently based on presence and light levels to reduce unnecessary electricity usage from lights.
The magnitude of problems faced due to traffic congestion is humongous. It is an issue that has affected all mankind for years. But we have tactically laid out a complete solution to this prevalent issue and it is expected to turn down the problems drastically, both in India and worldwide.
Real-Time Map Building using Ultrasound ScanningIRJET Journal
This document describes a device that uses an ultrasonic sensor to build maps of environments in real-time. The device scans the sensor across a 180 degree range to collect distance data points and generates a 2D map visualization. It is intended to enable robots to autonomously map and navigate environments. The device was able to generate basic maps of test environments but had some inaccuracies, depicting flat surfaces as arcs rather than straight lines due to the wide beam of the ultrasonic sensor. Improving the sensor resolution could help address these inaccuracies. The real-time mapping ability, low cost, and small size make the device suitable for mobile robot applications.
Total station and its application to civil engineeringTushar Dholakia
Total stations are surveying instruments that combine an electronic theodolite, electronic distance meter, and on-board computer. They allow users to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as slope distances to calculate coordinates. Modern total stations can store thousands of data points, perform computations, and transfer data remotely via memory cards or wireless connections. They have largely replaced standalone theodolites and distance meters due to greater accuracy, automation, and data processing capabilities. Total stations find wide application in civil engineering, mining, accident reconstruction, and other fields requiring precise spatial measurements and positioning.
IRJET-LRMSE: A Framework on Lunar Rover for Moon Surface ExplorationIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed lunar rover called LRMSE that would explore the moon's surface. The rover uses a rocker-bogie linkage for terrain movement and has sensors like ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection. It also has cameras, temperature/humidity sensors, and soil moisture sensors. An Arduino board controls the motors and sensors, while a Raspberry Pi is used for image processing to help the rover avoid obstacles by identifying their shape and color. The goal is for the rover to autonomously navigate the lunar surface while gathering data about environmental conditions.
1) Manu's Employee Estimating Device is a simple, low-cost people counter that uses an LDR light sensor and IC chips to count the number of employees entering a building. When light falling on the LDR is interrupted, the resistance changes and provides a clock pulse to increment the count displayed on seven segment displays.
2) The device aims to provide an affordable counting solution for small businesses. It works by detecting changes in light falling on an LDR sensor and using this to increment the count displayed.
3) The document discusses the components, working principle, advantages over other technologies, applications and concludes the device provides an inexpensive option for counting employees, especially suitable for small industries.
IRJET- Design Analysis of Land Surveying Robot using Arduino UNOIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a land surveying robot using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The robot is intended to automatically survey and calculate the area of a given plot of land. It uses a Bluetooth module to control movement, and calculates distance traveled and area using a timer concept. The robot aims to reduce the manpower and equipment needed for land surveys compared to conventional methods, while improving accuracy and saving time. Key components include Arduino Uno, DC motors, an L293D motor driver, ultrasonic sensor, and Bluetooth module. The robot is designed to automatically measure land areas more efficiently than traditional manual surveying methods.
1. The document describes the design and implementation of a mini CNC plotter and laser engraver. It uses Arduino as the controller connected to stepper motors via motor drivers to enable movement along the X and Y axes.
2. The system is designed to be low-cost and small in size for creating complex designs and laser engraving. It utilizes G-code commands to control the stepper motors and laser according to uploaded designs.
3. The mini CNC plotter allows for precise control of a laser or pen for engraving or drawing on various surfaces like wood, plastic or metal. This provides a low-cost alternative to larger industrial CNC machines.
This document describes the development of a CNC Drawbot project. The Drawbot is a vertical plotter that uses two stepper motors and pulleys connected to a gondola holding a pen to draw images on a vertical surface. The hardware components include an Arduino Uno, L293D motor driver shield, stepper motors, servo motor, timing belts, pulleys, pen and cooling fan. The software used includes the Arduino IDE to program the Arduino and Processing, an open-source programming language, to control the plotter and convert images into drawing instructions. The goal of the project is to create a low-cost drawing machine that can reproduce images on a wall-mounted whiteboard.
The document discusses what a total station is and its components and uses. It can be summarized as follows:
A total station is an electronic surveying instrument that combines an electronic theodolite and an electronic distance meter. It is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as distances to calculate coordinates. It has components like an electronic theodolite, distance meter, microprocessor, data collector and reflectors. Total stations offer accuracy, speed, convenience and easy integration with CAD software. There are different types including mechanical, robotic, prism and reflectorless models. Total stations are used to measure distances, angles, and coordinates and for applications in surveying, mining, and civil engineering construction.
ARM Based Handy and Portable Oscilloscope Using Graphical DisplayIJERA Editor
The need to have a visual perception of signals in order to monitor events in time and value brought about the
development of a measuring instrument referred to as oscilloscope. This is a design of handy and low cost
oscilloscope. The user can start/stop the display, adjust the time division and adjust the voltage division. The
requirements of the oscilloscope were three-fold: 1) low cost design, 2) capture frequencies at the medium range
and 3) construct able with a basic skill of PCB designing.
IRJET - The Line Follower -and- Pick and Place RobotIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a line follower and pick-and-place robot. It discusses the components used, including an Arduino microcontroller, IR sensors for line following, ultrasonic sensors for object detection, motor drivers, and servo motors. It explains how the line follower robot uses IR sensors to follow a black line on a white surface. The pick-and-place robot uses a robotic arm attached to a mobile base to pick up and transport objects. The arm consists of motors to control movement and a servo motor for gripping. The system is controlled wirelessly via Bluetooth from a mobile app. The robots were designed and built as prototypes to demonstrate their capabilities in automated tasks.
Digitization of Speedometer Incorporating Arduino and Tracing of Location Usi...IJERA Editor
This paper deals with the method of telemetric field which has grown exponentially in recent years. A correct
characterization is to handle, analyze the signals from the sensor which switches, positions and detects the
speed. Placing the sensor on the wheels of the train, a continuous pulse train of signal will be proportional to
train speed and it is sent toArduino microcontroller to analyze, process and simultaneously data will be stored
in memory and displayed. In addition, GPS is used to trace the current location and it is viewed with the help of
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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Design and Implementation of a Simple HMC6352 2-Axis-MR Digital Compass
1. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2015)
374
Design and Implementation of a Simple HMC6352 2-Axis-MR
Digital Compass
C. K. Agubor1
, G. N. Ezeh2
, M. Olubiwe3
, O.C. Nosiri4
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
Abstract— This paper deals with the design and
implementation of a simple HMC6352 2-axis digital compass.
Most compasses have been of the analogue type with magnetic
needles as pointers. Replacing the “old” magnetic needle
compass or the gyrocompass by an electronic solution offers
advantages like having a solid-state component without
moving parts and the ease of interfacing with other electronic
systems. In this work, the aim is to design and implement a
digital compass. To realize this, we made use of HMC6352
which is a 2-axis MR (magneto-resistive) sensor from
Honeywell, Arduino Uno board with an onboard ATmega328
microcontroller chip, and a 16x2 character Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD).We adopted the magneto-resistive (MR)
technology as compared to flux-gate sensors common in most
electronic compasses which has the disadvantage of making
the device bulky. The trial test carried out with the completed
HMC6352 digital compass showed a reading of 232.8 degrees
West indicating its effectiveness in direction finding.
Keywords—ATmega328, Compass, Earth’s magnetic field,
HMC6352, Magneto-resistive, LCD.
I. INTRODUCTION
A compass is a navigational instrument that measures
direction in a frame of reference that is stationary relative
to the surface of the earth. It is a device used to determine
or find geographical directions. Angle markings in degrees
are usually shown on a compass. North corresponds to zero
degrees, and the angles increase clockwise. East is 90
degrees, south is 180 degrees, and west is 270 degrees.
These numbers allow the compass to show azimuths or
bearings, which are commonly stated in this notations. The
compass relies on the earth’s magnetic field to provide
heading that is, angle (in degrees) and direction. It works
on the principle that a suspended magnet remains in the
north-south direction under the influence of the Earth’s
magnetic field. Most compasses are analogue devices.
This work focuses on the design and implementation of
a simple digital compass. It is a low-cost, hand-held digital
device. It uses HMC6352 which is a 2-axis MR (magneto-
resistive) sensor from Honeywell, an Arduino Uno board
with an onboard ATmega328 microcontroller chip, and a
16x2 character Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).
Digital compasses find application in several areas. Its
module can be integrated into a wireless consumer’s
electronics such as handheld devices (e.g. cell phones,
watches,etc). In a communication link set-up, the device
can be used in transmitter-receiver antenna alignment. It
can be used for the determination of the relative position
during time intervals, where GPS signals cannot be
received (e.g. when driving between high buildings). Like
its analogue counterpart the digital compass can be used as
a direction-finding instrument by miners in a tunnel.
A. Objective of the study
The main objective of this study is to design and
implement a simple digital compass using the 2-axis MR
sensor compass module with low power requirement and
capable of providing heading accuracy in a static
application environment to as low as 0.3 degrees RMS
error.
B. Significance of the study
As navigation and orientation becomes necessary in a
new information age, it is vital to have a precise and
accurate digital compass. The primary function of the
compass would be for navigation and orientation. This
device has numerous markets it can be manufactured for. In
a consumer market, it would be an indispensable aide for
hikers, sailors, and for other outdoor activities where
navigation is necessary. A digital compass also has viable
market necessity in commercial and military applications
where such applications require embedded sensors to
determine a broader picture of the surrounding
environment.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
The 1490 sensor by Dinsmore was only designed to
show direction of the horizontal pattern of the earth’s field,
which made it to be a compass. This sensor provides eight
directions of heading information. The 1490 sensor was
internally designed to respond to directional change similar
to a liquid filled compass. It will return to the indicated
direction from a 90° displacement in approximately 2.5
seconds with no over-swing.
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375
It magnetically indicates the four (N, E, S, W) cardinal
points, and by overlapping the four cardinal points,
showed the intermediate (NE, NW, SE, SW) directions.
The 1490 can operate tilted up to 12° with acceptable error
[1].
The design had the advantage of being simple, easy to
construct and cost effective. However, the compass could
indicate only eight directional headings, which cannot be
used effectively in navigation. The slow response of the
sensor when the compass is repositioned to about 900
makes the compass not suitable for fast moving objects.
The device is sensitive to tilt, and any tilt greater than 120
will create directional errors [2].
The E Gizmo electronic compass was designed primarily
to serve as navigational aid for autonomous robot systems.
It can be used as well for other navigational applications
with little or no additional hardware circuit. It has a 0.5
degree output resolution, serial I/O interface, and small
footprint [3].
This device has a better resolution of 0.5 degrees and a
wider range of 0 - 359.5 degrees, unlike the 1490 that can
only measure eight directions. It is not tilt compensated and
as such, it must be mounted on a level surface to get
accurate headings. Large metal objects, motors and
transformers nearby can disrupt the magnetic field, causing
the electronic compass to give a false reading.
Another digital compass with R1655 sensor was
designed to receive two signals related to the earth’s
magnetic field. The device, with an analogue-to-digital
conversion (ADC) used an extensive calibrated TV screen
that decodes the direction relative to the earth’s magnetic
field. Magnetic declination features were added to enable
the compass display the true north as a function of current
location. It has a wider range of operating temperature (i.e.-
400
C to +850
C). The sensor is damped to show a return
from a 900
displacement in approximately 0.5-1.0 sec. It
has a range of 0-3590
. The major problem with this device
is its inaccuracy. Sometimes, the inaccuracy comes from
the sensor itself. It outputs an inaccurate voltage because of
its inefficiency [2].
Various types of digital compasses were built using
different kinds of sensors. One type was constructed by
Parallax Incorporated using Hitachi HM55B compass
module. The Hitachi HM55B chip is a sensor on the
compass that is sensitive to directions of the earth magnetic
field [4]. Honeywell designed another kind of compass
using HMC1052 magnetic sensor [5]
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The design takes on an overall top down modular
approach. Each top module has a defined function and is
further divided into sub-modules. Figure 1 shows the
functional blocks of the digital compass. The complete
system is broken down into three units/modules: the
sensing unit, processing unit, and display unit. Each
module was designed separately from the others before
coupling them to realize a complete digital compass
system.
Top = 1.7cm
Fig 1: The block diagram of the digital compass
The sensing unit consists of a digital compass sensor,
HMC6353. The sensor helps to translate the magnetic field
of the earth (the physical quantity to be evaluated by the
compass) into values that the microcontroller can use.
The processing unit is an Arduino Uno USB
microcontroller module. It is an open-source hardware and
software platform, which uses a microcontroller. It is used
here to control the liquid crystal display (LCD). The
display unit interfaces with and controlled by the Arduino
board. It is a 16x2 character LCD and uses the HD44780
series LCD driver/controller from Hitachi.
A. Design considerations
The following factors were considered:
(i) Cost and ease of hardware implementation. Use of
easily interfacing parts.
(ii) Use of an Arduino board, which contains features that
will help in programming the on-board ATmega328
microcontroller chip without the use of any other
external programmer.
(iii) Use of HMC6352 compass module because of it
affordability.
Digital Compass System
Sensing Unit
(HMC6352)
Compass
module)
Processing Unit
(Arduino Uno
USB
microcontroller
module)
Display Unit
(16x2)
character
LCD
module)
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376
(iv) The character LCD was chosen to be the digital
readout because, it could display alphanumeric
characters and has lower power requirement than the
conventional 7-segement LED displays.
(v) For the casing, a composite material was used instead
of metallic casing, so as to prevent soft and hard iron
anomalies or magnetic interferences that could affect
the overall performance of the compass.
B. Design specifications
Table 1 gives the design specifications for the digital
compass built with the HMC6352 compass sensor.
TABLE 1
HMC6352 Specifications
Characterist
ics
Conditions Min Typ
e
Max
Field range Total applied field 0.1
gauss
0.75
gauss
Supply
voltage
Vsupply to GND 2.7V 3.0V 5.2V
Supply
current
Vsupply to GND
steadymode (Vsupply=3V)
steadystate(Vsupply=3V)
steadystate(Vsupply=5V)
1µA
1mA
2mA
10mA
Operating
Temperature
Ambient -20°C 70°C
Heading
accuracy
HMC6352 2.5°
C
Heading
resolution
0.5°
C
Heading
repeatability
1.0°
C
Distorting
field
Sensitivity starts to
degrade.Set/reset function
restores sensitivity
20
gauss
Max exposed
field
No permanent damage,
set/reset function restores
performance
1000
gauss
Storage temp Ambient -55°C 125°C
Moisture
sensitivity
MSL
3
240°C
Output Heading, Mag X, Mag Y
Size (casing) 10cm x 10 cm x5cm
C. Hardware design
The schematic diagram in Figure 2 shows the basic
HMC6352 application circuit. From Figure 2, the host
microprocessor (µP) controls the HMC6352 via I2C serial
data interface lines for data (SDA) and clock (SCL). Two
external 10kΩ pull-up resistors to the nominal +3 volt DC
supply create normally high logic states when the interface
lines are not in use. The 0.01µF supply decoupling
capacitor is added near the HMC6352 for optimum circuit
stability.
Fig 2: Design schematic of the HMC6352 compass sensor
The HMC6352 Serial Clock (SCL) and Serial Data
(SDA) lines do not have internal pull-up resistors, and
require resistive pull-ups (Rp) between the master device
(usually a host microprocessor) and the HMC6352. Pull-up
resistance values of about 10kΩ are recommended with a
nominal 3.0 volt supply voltage.
The Processing Unit consists of the Arduino Uno board
and its on-board ATmega328 microcontroller chip. Its
features/ratings are tabulated in Table 2.
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377
TABLE 2
FEATURES/RATINGS OF THE ARDUINO UNO BOARD
Items Features/Ratings
Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
InputVoltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6 – 20V
Digital I/O pins 14 (6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input pins 6
DC current per I/O pin 40mA
DC current for 3.3V pin 50mA
Clock Speed 16MHz
Flash Memory 32Kbits ( 0.5 Kbits used by
bootloader)
SRAM 2Kbits
EEPROM 1Kbit
The Arduino Uno was powered via a USB connection..
The board operates on an external supply of 6 to 20 V. If
supplied with less than 7V, the 5V pin may supply less than
5V resulting to the board being unstable. More than 12V
causes the voltage regulator to overheat which may damage
the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12V.
The ATmega328 has 32KB of flash memory for storing
codes (with 0.5KB used for the boot loader). It also has
2Kbits of SRAM and 1Kbit of EEPROM (which can be
read and written with the EEPROM library).
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an
input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and
digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5V. Each pin can
provide or receive a maximum of 40mA and has an internal
pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50KΩ. In
addition, some pins have specialized functions as listed in
Table 3.
TABLE 3
SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS OF THE ARDUINO UNO I/O PINS
Pins Functions
Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX)
TTL serial data. These pins are connected
to the corresponding pins of the
ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL serial chip.
External Interrupts: 2 and 3. Configured to trigger an interrupt on a
low value, a rising or falling edge, or a
change in value.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the
analogueWrite() function
SPI:10(SS), 11(MOSI), 12
(MISO), 13 (SCK).
These pins support SPI communication
using the SPI library.
LED: 13 There is a built-in LED connected to
digital pin13. HIGH pin value - LED
on, LOW pin value - LED off.
TWI A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin.
Support communication using the wire
library
AREF Reference voltage for the analogue
inputs. Used with analogueReference().
Reset To reset the microcontroller
The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for
communicating with a computer, another Arduino or other
microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL
(5V) serial communication, which is available on digital
pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board
channels this serial communication over USB and appears
as a virtual COM port to software on the computer. The
16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and
no external driver is needed. The ATmega328 also supports
I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. Figure 4 shows the pin
mapping of the ATmega328 with the Arduino Uno board.
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378
Fig 4: ATmega328 pin mapping with the Arduino Uno board.
Arduino digital pins default to inputs, so they don't need
to be explicitly declared as inputs with pinMode(). Pins
configured as INPUT are said to be in a high-impedance
state. There are also convenient 20KΩ pullup resistors built
into the Atmega chip that can be accessed in the following
manner:
pinMode(pin, INPUT); // set ‘pin’ to input.
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH); // turn on pullup resistors.
Pins configured as OUTPUT are in a low-impedance
state and can provide 40 mA of current to other
devices/circuits. This is enough current to brightly light up
an LED, but not enough current to run most relays,
solenoids, or motors.
To prevent the Atmega chip from damage due to short
circuiting and excessive current, OUTPUT pin 13 was
connected to an external device in series with a 220Ω
resistor (Figure 5).
Fig 5: Arduino output connection for an LED
The input is governed by two possible states: on or off.
When the switch is closed the input pin will read HIGH and
turn on an LED and when switch is open (Figure 6), input
pin is on LOW state, the LED is turned off.
Fig 6: Arduino input connection with a switch.
A 10KΩ potentiometer was used as potentiometer input
for contrast adjustment of the character LCD (Figure 7)..
Fig 7: Arduino potentiometer connection
D. Design of the Display Unit
The LCD uses a standard 16 contact interface as shown
in Figure 8. The pin description is given in Table 4.
Fig 8: Pin diagram of a 16x2 character LCD module
TABLE 4
PIN DESCRIPTION OF THE 16x2 CHARACTER LCD MODULE
Pin No Symbol Level Description
1 Vss 0 V Ground
2 VDD 5.0V Supply voltage for logic
3 V o variable Operating voltagefor LCD
4 RS H/L H data/L instruction code
5 R/W H/L H/Read (MPU-module) L/write
(MPU-module)
6 E H, H-L Chip enable signal
7 DB0 H/L Data bit 0
8 DB1 H/L Data bit 1
9 DB2 H/L Data bit 2
10 DB3 H/L Data bit 3
11 DB4 H/L Data bit 4
12 DB5 H/L Data bit 5
13 DB6 H/L Data bit 6
14 DB 7 H/L Data bit 7
15 A Power supply for LED backlight (+)
16 K Power supply for LED backlight (-)
Figure 9 shows the interface between the LCD and the
Arduino Uno board.
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379
Fig 9: LCD to Arduino Uno interface
Figure 10 shows the block diagram of the 16x2 character
LCD driver/controller, HD44780.
Fig 10: HD4478 LCD driver/controller.
E. Software Design
The Arduino Uno (or hardware) was programmed with
the Arduino software using a wiring-based language
(syntax and libraries), similar to C++ with some slight
simplifications and modifications, and a processing-based
integrated development environment. The open-source
Arduino environment makes it easy to write codes and
upload them to the I/O board.
The software consists of a standard programming
language compiler and the bootloader that runs on the
board [6]. It runs on Windows, Mac OSX, and Linus. The
environment was written in Java and the code flow diagram
is shown in Figure 11.
Fig 11: Code flow diagram
Figure 12 shows the complete system diagram. The
compass module serves as a slave device to the
microcontroller (the host device). The speed of the
transmitted data is about 100Kb/s. The host microcontroller
controls the compass module through the interfaced two
wired lines. Serial Clock (SCL) and serial Data (SDA) lines
are the two-wire bus systems that require an external
pull-up resistor to keep the line in a high logic state. 8-bit
of data transmitted along these lines are controlled by the
host microcontroller, which issues start and stop command
by pulling the serial data line low. It pulls the same line
high for a stop condition. The microcontroller does the
processing of the input signal (current heading) from the
compass module through its stored program.
Finally, the measured azimuth has to be indicated to the
user by a display. A 16x2 character LCD was used for this
purpose. With the aid of its serial kit, it is able to receive
the heading signal from the microcontroller serially and
then converts it to parallel. By its driver/controller, the right
segments to display the heading are activated.
Display final Reading on LCD
lLLllllLLCD
Flash LED
Declaration of Variables
Initialization
Process data
Definition
Request for current heading data
Start
Stop
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380
Fig 12: The complete design diagram
IV. IMPLEMENTATION
The following tools and materials were used:
HMC6352 compass module (Honeywell).
Arduino Uno board (Sparkfun DEV-09950).
16x2 character LCD module.
USB programming cable.
9V battery (for stand-alone operation).
Host PC running the Arduino development
environment.
DC power plug.
Solderless breadboard for prototype.
Veroboard for permanent soldering.
Soldering iron and soldering lead.
Digital multimeter for voltage, current, and
resistance measurements.
Needle nose pliers and cutters.
10KΩ potentiometer.
Jumper wires.
Plastic casing.
A. Wiring connections/soldering methods
Using a low wattage (40W) soldering iron, connections
were made as shown in Figures 13 and 14.
Fig 13: Connection of the HMC6352 compass sensor to the
ATmega328 microcontroller on the Arduino
Fig 14: 16x2 character LCD module on the Arduino board
The LCD pin to Arduino connections are tabulated in
Table 5.
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381
Table 5.
Lcd Pin To Arduino Connection Description
B. Casing Design
The casing is a 10cm x 10cm x 5cm rectangular box that
houses all the component parts of the compass. It was
completely made of a strong plastic material because it
does not distort or affect the reading of the compass neither
does it interfere with the earth’s magnetic field unlike
metallic or ferrous materials.
C. Test Result
It should be noted that, for this digital compass to give
an accurate measurement of one’s heading or true bearing,
it must be placed parallel to the earth’s magnetic field. This
is because, the compass module is made up of 2-axis
magneto-resistive sensor, meaning it can only measure the
magnetic field components of the earth (X and Y
components) lying on the horizontal plane.
The compass was tested and proved to be effective and
efficient when used this way. In one of the tests a reading
of 252.8 degrees West was obtained as shown in Figure 16.
Fig 16: A picture of the completed digital compass
V. CONCLUSION
The HMC6352 2-axis MR digital compass was built and
tested. It was seen to be efficient and effective. It is
recommended for use in areas where the earth magnetic
field together with other stray magnetic and local magnetic
fields do not exceed 1000 gauss, so as to prevent it from
permanent damage.
An improvement on this system can be achieved by
using HMC6343 compass module; with 3-axis magneto-
resistive (MR) sensors and 3-axis Micro Electromechanical
System (MEMS) accelerometers.
REFERENCES
[1] 1490 Digital Sensor, (1993). Dinsmore Instrument. [Onliine].
Available:http://www.zagrosrobotics.com/files/dens1490.pdf.
[2] Zilog 8-Directional Digital Compass, (2008).[Online] . Available:
http://www.zilog.com
[3] T. Stork. Electronic Compass Design using KMZ51 and
KMZ52.Hamborg, Germany: Philips Semiconductors Systems
Laboratory. 2004
[4] Hitachi HM55B Compass Module, (2005). [Online]. Available:
http://www.parallax.com/dl/docs/prod/compshop/HM55B
[5] Honeywell sensor products, (2005). [Online]. Available:
http://www.magneticsensors.com
[6] Arduino Microcontroller Guide, (2011). [Online]. Available: http://
www.me.umn.edu/courses/me2011/arduino/
LCD pin Connection to
1 (VSS) GND Arduino pin
2 (VDD) +5V Arduino pin
3 (Contrast) Resistor or potentiometer to GND
Arduino pin
4 (RS) Arduino pin 12
5 (R/W) Arduino pin 11
6 (Enable) Arduino pin 10
7, 8 & 9 No conections
11 (Data 4) Arduino pin 5
12 (Data 5) Arduino pin 4
13 (Data 6) Arduino pin 3
14 (Data 7) Arduino pin 2
15 (Backlight +) Resistor to Arduino pin 13
16 (Backlight GND) GND Arduino pin
4 inch