ABSTRACT Detecting the voltage instability in advance enables remedial actions and preventive measures to cushion the effect of the oncoming voltage collapse phenomenon in power systems. This was achieved by implementing Pattern Recognition Techniques (PRTs) in conjunction with Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSSE) program. It was then deployed in Nigeria 330KV Integrated 52 bus power system to actualize Regularized Least Squares Classification (RLSC) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) heuristic methods. The methods were deployed for separating voltage stability and unstable cases that resulted under system contingencies and fault conditions. Dynamic simulation, system voltage stability and unstable/instability cases results, and the channel outputs of these voltage cases against time were realized.
VOLTAGE STABILITY IN NIGERIA 330KV INTEGRATED 52 BUS POWER NETWORK USING PATT...Onyebuchi nosiri
ABSTRACT Detecting the voltage instability in advance enables remedial actions and preventive measures to cushion the effect of the oncoming voltage collapse phenomenon in power systems. This was achieved by implementing Pattern Recognition Techniques (PRTs) in conjunction with Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSSE) program. It was then deployed in Nigeria 330KV Integrated 52 bus power system to actualize Regularized Least Squares Classification (RLSC) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) heuristic methods. The methods were deployed for separating voltage stability and unstable cases that resulted under system contingencies and fault conditions. Dynamic simulation, system voltage stability and unstable/instability cases results, and the channel outputs of these voltage cases against time were realized.
Transient stability analysis and enhancement of ieee 9 bus system ecij
System stability study is the important parameter of economic, reliable and secure power system planning and operation. Power system studies are important during the planning and conceptual design stages of the project as well as during the operating life of the plant periodically. This paper presents the power system stability analysis for IEEE- 9 bus test system. The fault is created on different busses and transient stability is analyzedfor different load and generation conditions. The critical clearing time (CCT) is calculated by
using time domain classical extended equal area criterion method. The system frequency and voltage variation is observed for different fault locations and CCT. The IEEE-9 bus test system is simulated and stability is analyzed on ETAP software
Series of blackouts encountered in recent years in power system have been occurred because either of voltage or angle instability or both together was not detected within time and progressive voltage or angle instability further degraded the system condition, because of increase in loading. This paper presents the real-time assessment methodology of voltage stability using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) with observability of load buses only in power network. PMUs are placed at strategically obtained location such that minimum number of PMU’s can make all load buses observable. Data obtained by PMU’s are used for voltage stability assessment with the help of successive change in the angle of bus voltage with respect to incremental load, which is used as on-line voltage stability predictor (VSP). The real-time voltage phasors obtained by PMU’s are used as real time voltage stability indicator. The case study has been carried out on IEEE-14 bus system and IEEE-30 bus systems to demonstrate the results.
Continuation Power Flow Method based Assessment of Static Voltage Stability c...IJERA Editor
Power system security is recognized as one of the major problems in many power systems throughout the world.
Power system insecurity such as transmission lines being overloaded causes transmission elements cascade
outages, which may lead to complete blackout. In accordance with these reasons, the prediction and recognition
of voltage instability in power system has particular importance and it makes the network security stronger. This
work, by considering the power system contingencies based on the effects of them on Mega Watt Margin
(MWM) and maximum loading point (MLP) is focused to analyse the voltage stability using continuation power
flow method. The study has been carried out on IEEE 30-Bus Test System using MATLAB and PSAT
softwares and results are presented.
Power quality is a concern for utility and grid operators due to a large penetration of intermittent and stochastic renewable power generation sources. One of the major concerns, when designing and controlling grid-feeding photovoltaic (PV) inverters is meeting the grid requirements. International grid requirements demand low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability and maintaining grid functionality during fault conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive review for several control techniques to assure the LVRT capability of grid-feeding converters as well as discussing their respective advantages and limitations in detail. Areas for further research are identified afterwards. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings.
VOLTAGE STABILITY IN NIGERIA 330KV INTEGRATED 52 BUS POWER NETWORK USING PATT...Onyebuchi nosiri
ABSTRACT Detecting the voltage instability in advance enables remedial actions and preventive measures to cushion the effect of the oncoming voltage collapse phenomenon in power systems. This was achieved by implementing Pattern Recognition Techniques (PRTs) in conjunction with Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSSE) program. It was then deployed in Nigeria 330KV Integrated 52 bus power system to actualize Regularized Least Squares Classification (RLSC) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) heuristic methods. The methods were deployed for separating voltage stability and unstable cases that resulted under system contingencies and fault conditions. Dynamic simulation, system voltage stability and unstable/instability cases results, and the channel outputs of these voltage cases against time were realized.
Transient stability analysis and enhancement of ieee 9 bus system ecij
System stability study is the important parameter of economic, reliable and secure power system planning and operation. Power system studies are important during the planning and conceptual design stages of the project as well as during the operating life of the plant periodically. This paper presents the power system stability analysis for IEEE- 9 bus test system. The fault is created on different busses and transient stability is analyzedfor different load and generation conditions. The critical clearing time (CCT) is calculated by
using time domain classical extended equal area criterion method. The system frequency and voltage variation is observed for different fault locations and CCT. The IEEE-9 bus test system is simulated and stability is analyzed on ETAP software
Series of blackouts encountered in recent years in power system have been occurred because either of voltage or angle instability or both together was not detected within time and progressive voltage or angle instability further degraded the system condition, because of increase in loading. This paper presents the real-time assessment methodology of voltage stability using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) with observability of load buses only in power network. PMUs are placed at strategically obtained location such that minimum number of PMU’s can make all load buses observable. Data obtained by PMU’s are used for voltage stability assessment with the help of successive change in the angle of bus voltage with respect to incremental load, which is used as on-line voltage stability predictor (VSP). The real-time voltage phasors obtained by PMU’s are used as real time voltage stability indicator. The case study has been carried out on IEEE-14 bus system and IEEE-30 bus systems to demonstrate the results.
Continuation Power Flow Method based Assessment of Static Voltage Stability c...IJERA Editor
Power system security is recognized as one of the major problems in many power systems throughout the world.
Power system insecurity such as transmission lines being overloaded causes transmission elements cascade
outages, which may lead to complete blackout. In accordance with these reasons, the prediction and recognition
of voltage instability in power system has particular importance and it makes the network security stronger. This
work, by considering the power system contingencies based on the effects of them on Mega Watt Margin
(MWM) and maximum loading point (MLP) is focused to analyse the voltage stability using continuation power
flow method. The study has been carried out on IEEE 30-Bus Test System using MATLAB and PSAT
softwares and results are presented.
Power quality is a concern for utility and grid operators due to a large penetration of intermittent and stochastic renewable power generation sources. One of the major concerns, when designing and controlling grid-feeding photovoltaic (PV) inverters is meeting the grid requirements. International grid requirements demand low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability and maintaining grid functionality during fault conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive review for several control techniques to assure the LVRT capability of grid-feeding converters as well as discussing their respective advantages and limitations in detail. Areas for further research are identified afterwards. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings.
Improved predictive current model control based on adaptive PR controller for...IJECEIAES
This paper investigates an improved current predictive model control (PCMC) strategy with a prediction horizon of one sampling time for voltage regulation in standalone system based on diesel engine driven fixed speed synchronous generator. An adaptive PR controller with anti-windup scheme is employed to achieve high performance regulation without saturation issues. In addition, new method to obtain the optimal parameters of the adaptive PR controller to achieve high performance during the transition and in steady state, is provided. Furthermore, to balance the power at the point of common coupling (PCC), as well as, to fulfilling a clean power to the connected loads, a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with LRC filter is controlled using the developed improved PCMC strategy. The output filter current is controlled using the predicting of the system behaviour model in the future step, at each sampling prediction time. The performances of the developed control strategy are verified using Matlab/Simulink interface.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Gauss-Seidel Method based Voltage Security Analysis of Distribution System IJECEIAES
Complexity of modern power network and Large disturbance results voltage collapse. So, voltage security analysis is important in power system. Indicators are helpful in voltage stability analysis, as they give information about the state of the system. In this paper a new indicator namely Distribution System Stability Indicator (DSSI) has been formulated using the information of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU).The proposed indicator (DSSI) is tested on standard IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system. The suggested indicator is also applicable to the equivalent two bus system of a multi-bus power system. The proposed indicator is calculated for different contingent conditions at different system load configurations. The result of DSSI is verified with the standard indicator (VSI) which proves applicability of the proposed indicator. The bus voltages of all the buses at base loading and at maximum loading are evaluated for base data and for tripping of most critical line.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The file presents some fundamental information about power system operation. It includes the operational requirements and the state transition diagram as well as related operational actions.
In this paper, the voltage stability of the power system is studied during fault conditions. Enhancement of the system’s stability will be achieved by utilizing Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) controllers at the best place in the system. The optimum placement of (FACTS) controllers occurred on the most affected bus by the fault in the system (weakest bus). Two approaches have been used in this study to effectively obtain the best location of the (FACTS) controllers in the system. The first method is based on computing the deviation which occurs in the active power and reactive power due to the fault at each load bus at a time. Whereas the second method is performed through exploiting a MATLAB fuzzy set technique utilizing two indices: Line Flow Index (LFI) and Voltage Profile Index (VPI) during fault and steady-state conditions. The results show that both of these indices resulted in the same bus as the best location. Remedial actions in the attempt at improving in the stability of the power system are discussed taking the advantage of using (FACTS) compensation (SVC) and (STATCOM) at the most vulnerable system buses. In this work, MATLAB program with an IEEE 24 bus system is examined.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In this paper, a detail design and description of a predictive current control scheme are adopted for three-phase grid-connected two-level inverter and its application in wind energy conversion systems. Despite its advantages, the predictive current controller is very sensitive to parameter variations which could eventually affected on system stability. To solve this problem, an estimation technique proposed to identify the value of harmonic filter parameter based on Model reference adaptive system (MRAS). Lyapunov stability theory is selected to guarantee a robust adaptation and stable response over large system parameter variation. The simulation results shows the efficiency of the proposed techniques to improve the current tracking performance.
Control strategies for seamless transfer between the grid-connected and isla...IJECEIAES
Design of control strategies for Distributed generation systems is very important to achieve smoother transition between the grid connected and islanding modes of operation. The transition between these two modes of operation should be seamless, without any severe transients during the changeover. In this paper, two different control strategies namely inverter output current control and indirect grid current control for the seamless transfer between the modes of operation has been explored for the suitability. The design and analysis of the cascaded control loops based on Proportional Integral (PI) controller has been dealt in detail for both inverter output current control and indirect grid current control strategy. Control parameters are designed using the control system toolbox in MATLAB. A 10kW grid connected microgrid system has been designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and the results are presented under grid connected operation, islanding operation and the transition between the modes considering fault condition in the grid side. The simulation studies are carried out using both the control strategies and the results are presented to validate the design methodology.
Coordination of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Type-2 Fuzz...IJECEIAES
Intelligent control included ANFIS and type-2 fuzzy (T2FLS) controllers grown-up rapidly and these controllers are applied successfully in power system control. Meanwhile, small signal stability problem appear in a largescale power system (LSPS) due to load fluctuation. If this problem persists, and can not be solved, it will develop blackout on the LSPS. How to improve the LSPS stability due to load fluctuation is done in this research by coordinating of PSS based on ANFIS and T2FLS. The ANFIS parameters are obtained automatically by training process. Meanwhile, the T2FLS parameters are determined based on the knowledge that obtained from the ANFIS parameters. Input membership function (MF) of the ANFIS is 5 Gaussian MFs. On the other hand, input MF of the T2FLS is 3 Gaussian MFs. Results show that the T2FLS-PSS is able to maintain the stability by decreasing peak overshoot for rotor speed and angle. The T2FLS-PSS makes the settling time is shorter for rotor speed and angle on local mode oscillation as well as on inter-area oscillation than conventional/ ANFIS-PSS. Also, the T2FLS-PSS gives better performance than the other PSS when tested on single disturbance and multiple disturbances.
Predicting Post Outage Transmission Line Flows using Linear Distribution FactorsDr. Amarjeet Singh
In order to design and implement preventive
and remedial actions, a continuous performance of fast
security analysis is imperative amid outages of system
components. Following the contingency of a system
component, State estimation and Load flow techniques
are the two popular techniques used to determine
system state variables leading to estimation of flows,
losses and violations in nodal voltages and transmission
line flows. But the dynamic state and complexity of the
system requires faster means of estimations which can
be achieved by linear distribution factors. The use of
Distribution factors in form of Power Transfer
Distribution Factors (PTDF) and Line Outage
Distribution Factors (LODF) which are transmission
line sensitivities with respect to active power exchanges
between buses and transmission line outages offer an
alternative to these two techniques being linear,
quicker, and non-iterative. Following the estimation of
the linear distribution factors from a reference
operating point (base case) and contingency cases
involving line outage, generator output variation and
outage of a Six bus network using Matlab programs,
the results show that by means of Linear Distribution
factors quick estimates of post outage line flows can be
made which match flow results obtained from DC load
flow analysis.
These slides present an introduction to load flow analysis for distribution system. Later the detail algorithm, matlab coding and application to IEEE radial distribution system will be subsequently provided.
Load Flow Based Voltage Stability Indices for Voltage Stability and Contingen...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Electrical power system is growing rapidly with the current increasing demand. One of many
important issues being faced in power system is the voltage instability. With that being said, this work
investigates the voltage stability indices with contingency analysis used in order to determine the voltage
stability of the network system. These approaches are used to detect and avoid voltage instability in the
distribution network. The behavior of the distribution network is determined based on the contingency
analysis. STATCOM is injected into selected buses in the distribution network of the system to determine
the system’s stability during the contingency condition. Distributed generation (DG) is utilized to enhance
the network stability. Different scenarios have been assumed in order to test the proposed technique under
different conditions. The work has been implemented in Digsilent power factory environment. The
proposed technique has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system. Promising results have been obtained with
respect to previous published literature, in term of identifying the weak buses and enhancing the overall
stability of the network.
Voltage profile Improvement Using Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOMINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a regulating device used in AC transmission systems as a source or a sink of reactive power. The most widely utilization of the STATCOM is in enhancing the voltage stability of the transmission line. A voltage regulator is a FACTs device used to adjust the voltage disturbance by injecting a controllable voltage into the system. This paper implement Nruro-Fuzzy controller to control the STATCOM to improve the voltage profile of the power network. The controller has been simulated for some kinds of disturbances and the results show improvements in voltage profile of the system. The performance of STATCOM with its controller was very close within 98% of the nominal value of the busbar voltage.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Improved predictive current model control based on adaptive PR controller for...IJECEIAES
This paper investigates an improved current predictive model control (PCMC) strategy with a prediction horizon of one sampling time for voltage regulation in standalone system based on diesel engine driven fixed speed synchronous generator. An adaptive PR controller with anti-windup scheme is employed to achieve high performance regulation without saturation issues. In addition, new method to obtain the optimal parameters of the adaptive PR controller to achieve high performance during the transition and in steady state, is provided. Furthermore, to balance the power at the point of common coupling (PCC), as well as, to fulfilling a clean power to the connected loads, a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with LRC filter is controlled using the developed improved PCMC strategy. The output filter current is controlled using the predicting of the system behaviour model in the future step, at each sampling prediction time. The performances of the developed control strategy are verified using Matlab/Simulink interface.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Gauss-Seidel Method based Voltage Security Analysis of Distribution System IJECEIAES
Complexity of modern power network and Large disturbance results voltage collapse. So, voltage security analysis is important in power system. Indicators are helpful in voltage stability analysis, as they give information about the state of the system. In this paper a new indicator namely Distribution System Stability Indicator (DSSI) has been formulated using the information of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU).The proposed indicator (DSSI) is tested on standard IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system. The suggested indicator is also applicable to the equivalent two bus system of a multi-bus power system. The proposed indicator is calculated for different contingent conditions at different system load configurations. The result of DSSI is verified with the standard indicator (VSI) which proves applicability of the proposed indicator. The bus voltages of all the buses at base loading and at maximum loading are evaluated for base data and for tripping of most critical line.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The file presents some fundamental information about power system operation. It includes the operational requirements and the state transition diagram as well as related operational actions.
In this paper, the voltage stability of the power system is studied during fault conditions. Enhancement of the system’s stability will be achieved by utilizing Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) controllers at the best place in the system. The optimum placement of (FACTS) controllers occurred on the most affected bus by the fault in the system (weakest bus). Two approaches have been used in this study to effectively obtain the best location of the (FACTS) controllers in the system. The first method is based on computing the deviation which occurs in the active power and reactive power due to the fault at each load bus at a time. Whereas the second method is performed through exploiting a MATLAB fuzzy set technique utilizing two indices: Line Flow Index (LFI) and Voltage Profile Index (VPI) during fault and steady-state conditions. The results show that both of these indices resulted in the same bus as the best location. Remedial actions in the attempt at improving in the stability of the power system are discussed taking the advantage of using (FACTS) compensation (SVC) and (STATCOM) at the most vulnerable system buses. In this work, MATLAB program with an IEEE 24 bus system is examined.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In this paper, a detail design and description of a predictive current control scheme are adopted for three-phase grid-connected two-level inverter and its application in wind energy conversion systems. Despite its advantages, the predictive current controller is very sensitive to parameter variations which could eventually affected on system stability. To solve this problem, an estimation technique proposed to identify the value of harmonic filter parameter based on Model reference adaptive system (MRAS). Lyapunov stability theory is selected to guarantee a robust adaptation and stable response over large system parameter variation. The simulation results shows the efficiency of the proposed techniques to improve the current tracking performance.
Control strategies for seamless transfer between the grid-connected and isla...IJECEIAES
Design of control strategies for Distributed generation systems is very important to achieve smoother transition between the grid connected and islanding modes of operation. The transition between these two modes of operation should be seamless, without any severe transients during the changeover. In this paper, two different control strategies namely inverter output current control and indirect grid current control for the seamless transfer between the modes of operation has been explored for the suitability. The design and analysis of the cascaded control loops based on Proportional Integral (PI) controller has been dealt in detail for both inverter output current control and indirect grid current control strategy. Control parameters are designed using the control system toolbox in MATLAB. A 10kW grid connected microgrid system has been designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and the results are presented under grid connected operation, islanding operation and the transition between the modes considering fault condition in the grid side. The simulation studies are carried out using both the control strategies and the results are presented to validate the design methodology.
Coordination of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Type-2 Fuzz...IJECEIAES
Intelligent control included ANFIS and type-2 fuzzy (T2FLS) controllers grown-up rapidly and these controllers are applied successfully in power system control. Meanwhile, small signal stability problem appear in a largescale power system (LSPS) due to load fluctuation. If this problem persists, and can not be solved, it will develop blackout on the LSPS. How to improve the LSPS stability due to load fluctuation is done in this research by coordinating of PSS based on ANFIS and T2FLS. The ANFIS parameters are obtained automatically by training process. Meanwhile, the T2FLS parameters are determined based on the knowledge that obtained from the ANFIS parameters. Input membership function (MF) of the ANFIS is 5 Gaussian MFs. On the other hand, input MF of the T2FLS is 3 Gaussian MFs. Results show that the T2FLS-PSS is able to maintain the stability by decreasing peak overshoot for rotor speed and angle. The T2FLS-PSS makes the settling time is shorter for rotor speed and angle on local mode oscillation as well as on inter-area oscillation than conventional/ ANFIS-PSS. Also, the T2FLS-PSS gives better performance than the other PSS when tested on single disturbance and multiple disturbances.
Predicting Post Outage Transmission Line Flows using Linear Distribution FactorsDr. Amarjeet Singh
In order to design and implement preventive
and remedial actions, a continuous performance of fast
security analysis is imperative amid outages of system
components. Following the contingency of a system
component, State estimation and Load flow techniques
are the two popular techniques used to determine
system state variables leading to estimation of flows,
losses and violations in nodal voltages and transmission
line flows. But the dynamic state and complexity of the
system requires faster means of estimations which can
be achieved by linear distribution factors. The use of
Distribution factors in form of Power Transfer
Distribution Factors (PTDF) and Line Outage
Distribution Factors (LODF) which are transmission
line sensitivities with respect to active power exchanges
between buses and transmission line outages offer an
alternative to these two techniques being linear,
quicker, and non-iterative. Following the estimation of
the linear distribution factors from a reference
operating point (base case) and contingency cases
involving line outage, generator output variation and
outage of a Six bus network using Matlab programs,
the results show that by means of Linear Distribution
factors quick estimates of post outage line flows can be
made which match flow results obtained from DC load
flow analysis.
These slides present an introduction to load flow analysis for distribution system. Later the detail algorithm, matlab coding and application to IEEE radial distribution system will be subsequently provided.
Load Flow Based Voltage Stability Indices for Voltage Stability and Contingen...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Electrical power system is growing rapidly with the current increasing demand. One of many
important issues being faced in power system is the voltage instability. With that being said, this work
investigates the voltage stability indices with contingency analysis used in order to determine the voltage
stability of the network system. These approaches are used to detect and avoid voltage instability in the
distribution network. The behavior of the distribution network is determined based on the contingency
analysis. STATCOM is injected into selected buses in the distribution network of the system to determine
the system’s stability during the contingency condition. Distributed generation (DG) is utilized to enhance
the network stability. Different scenarios have been assumed in order to test the proposed technique under
different conditions. The work has been implemented in Digsilent power factory environment. The
proposed technique has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system. Promising results have been obtained with
respect to previous published literature, in term of identifying the weak buses and enhancing the overall
stability of the network.
Voltage profile Improvement Using Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOMINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a regulating device used in AC transmission systems as a source or a sink of reactive power. The most widely utilization of the STATCOM is in enhancing the voltage stability of the transmission line. A voltage regulator is a FACTs device used to adjust the voltage disturbance by injecting a controllable voltage into the system. This paper implement Nruro-Fuzzy controller to control the STATCOM to improve the voltage profile of the power network. The controller has been simulated for some kinds of disturbances and the results show improvements in voltage profile of the system. The performance of STATCOM with its controller was very close within 98% of the nominal value of the busbar voltage.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS AND ENHANCEMENT OF IEEE- 9 BUS SYSTEM ecij
System stability study is the important parameter of economic, reliable and secure power system planning and operation. Power system studies are important during the planning and conceptual design stages of the project as well as during the operating life of the plant periodically. This paper presents the power system stability analysis for IEEE- 9 bus test system. The fault is created on different busses and transient stability is analyzedfor different load and generation conditions. The critical clearing time (CCT) is calculated by using time domain classical extended equal area criterion method. The system frequency and voltage variation is observed for different fault locations and CCT. The IEEE-9 bus test system is simulated and stability is analyzed on ETAP software.
Under voltage load shedding for contingency analysis to optimize power loss ...elelijjournal
Power system contingency is a condition of operation which may be caused due to line outage in a system
and could lead to entire system voltage instability. This may further result in voltage collapse leading to total blackout of the system. Therefore, voltage collapse prediction and estimating voltage stability margin
is an important task in power system operation and planning. In this paper Line Stability Index Lij utilizing
the concept of power flow in a single line is adopted to determine the condition of voltage instability. The
purpose of Lij is to determine the point of voltage instability, the weakest bus in the system and the critical
line referred to a bus. Analytical approach based technique for load shedding has been developed as a solution for secured operation of power system under various contingency conditions to optimize the power
flow in order to minimize the system losses within acceptable limit. To validate the effectiveness of the
proposed method simulation has been carried out on IEEE 14 bus system.
Investigation and Comparison of the Effect of Facts Devices, Capacitors and L...IJAPEJOURNAL
This paper studies the important power system phenomenon and voltage stability by using continuation power flow method. Voltage collapse scenario is presented which can be a serious result of voltage instability and also the parameters that affected by voltage collapse are discussed. In analyzing power system voltage stability, continuation power flow method is utilized which consists of successive load flows. In this paper steady-state modeling of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and effect of compensator and variation of line reactance on the voltage stability have been studied and Comparison between performance of UPFC and SVC and installation shunt capacitor and variation of line reactance for improve voltage stability has been done.Case studies are carried on 11 bus network in two areas. Simulation is done with PSAT in MATLAB. Continuation Power Flow was implemented using Newton Raphson method. Simulation results show the proper performance of UPFC, SVC, installation shunt capacitor and variation of line reactance to improve voltage control and significantly increase the loadability margin of power systems.
Online Voltage Stability Analysis using Synchrophasor Technologyijsrd.com
Voltage instability has been a major problem in all the emerging power systems across the world. Several instances of blackouts in North America, including the 1996 Western Interconnection and the 2003 North East US /Canada blackout are primarily due to voltage collapse. So Monitoring and maintaining voltage stability in real-time is extremely important for operating a power system reliably. In this paper Synchrophasor technology is introduced. Synchrophasor technology has the capability to monitor voltage stability over a wide area in real time. In this paper different methods are introduced for finding the voltage collapse point in the system and also one new method given for identification of voltage collapse point.
Power Flow Study and Performance of STATCOM and TCSC in Improvement Voltage S...IJAPEJOURNAL
Power systems operation becomes more important as the load demand increases all over the world. This rapid increase in load demand forces power systems to operate near critical limits due to economical and environmental constraints. The objective in power systems operation is to serve energy with acceptable voltage and frequency to consumers at minimum cost. This paper studies the important power system phenomenon and voltage stability by using continuation power flow method and steady-state modeling of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) for continuation power flow studies has been represented and discussed in details.also this paper studies voltage stability by using continuation power flow method and Comparison between performance of TCSC and STATCOM for improve voltage stability has been done. Case studies are carried on 9 bus network. Simulation is done with PSAT in MATLAB. Power Flow and Continuation Power Flow is was implemented using Newton-Raphson method. Simulation results show the proper performance of TCSC and STATCOM to improve voltage control and power flows on the lines and significantly increase the loadability margin of power systems.
Transient Stability Assessment and Enhancement in Power SystemIJMER
Power system is subjected to sudden changes in load levels. Stability is an important concept
which determines the stable operation of power system. For the improvement of transient stability the
general methods adopted are fast acting exciters, circuit breakers and reduction in system transfer
reactance. The modern trend is to employ FACTS devices in the existing system for effective utilization
of existing transmission resources. The critical clearing time is a measure to assess transient instability.
Using PSAT, the critical clearing time (CCT) corresponding to various faults are calculated. The most
critical faults were identified using this calculation. The CCT for the critical faults were found to change
with change in operating point. The CCT values are predicted using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to
study the training effects of ANN. TCSC is selected as the FACTS device for transient stability
enhancement. Particle Swarm Optimization method is used to find the optimal position of TCSC using
the objective function real power loss minimization. The result shows that the technique effectively
increases the transient stability of the system
A review on SVC control for power system stability with and without auxiliary...journalBEEI
Since the beginning of the last century, power system stability has been recognized as a vital problem in securing system operation. Power system instability has caused many major blackouts. This paper reviewed the previous technical works consisting of various methods of optimization in controlling power system stability. The techniques presented were compared to optimize the control variables for optimization of power system stability. Power system stability enhancement has been investigated widely in literature using different ways. This paper is focusing on SVC performance for enhancing power system stability either through SVC controlled itself or SVC controlled externally by other controllers. Static VAR compensators (SVCs) are used primarily in power system for voltage control as either an end in itself or a means of achieving other objectives, such as system stabilization.The analysis on performance of the previous work such as advantages and findings of a robust method approach in each technique was included in this paper.
Optimum allocation of distributed generation by load flow analysis method a c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative power flow analysis of 28 and 52 buses for 330 kv power grid netw...Onyebuchi nosiri
Newton-Raphson technique was formulated and used to evaluate the electrical performances of the existing 28-bus and improved 52-bus Nigerian 330kV power networks. The Jacobian matrix for both the existing 28-bus and the improved 52-bus Nigerian power system was derived using Newton-Raphson power flow solution method. The steady-state critical bus voltages, voltage and angle profiles at each bus, active and reactive power flows, transformer tap settings, component or circuit loading, generator exciter regulator voltage set points and system losses of these networks were determined to ascertain their effectiveness and proper network reconfiguration. The results obtained showed a better performance of the 52-Bus system in power quality, voltage and angle profiles over the conventional 28-bus system
Comparative power flow analysis of 28 and 52 buses for 330 kv power grid netw...Onyebuchi nosiri
Newton-Raphson technique was formulated and used to evaluate the electrical performances of the existing 28-bus and improved 52-bus Nigerian 330kV power networks. The Jacobian matrix for both the existing 28-bus and the improved 52-bus Nigerian power system was derived using Newton-Raphson power flow solution method. The steady-state critical bus voltages, voltage and angle profiles at each bus, active and reactive power flows, transformer tap settings, component or circuit loading, generator exciter regulator voltage set points and system losses of these networks were determined to ascertain their effectiveness and proper network reconfiguration. The results obtained showed a better performance of the 52-Bus system in power quality, voltage and angle profiles over the conventional 28-bus system
Implementation of Particle Swarm Optimization Technique for Enhanced Outdoor ...Onyebuchi nosiri
This paper describes the development of optimized model for urban outdoor coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) network at 2300 MHz frequency band in Port Harcourt urban region, Nigeria. Signal attenuation and fluctuation remain amongst the major channel impairments for mobile radio communication systems. This arises as a result of model incompatibility with terrain and Line of Sight (LOS) obstruction of the channel signals. Some path loss models such as OkumuraHata, COST 231, Ericsson 999, Egli and ECC-33 models were evaluated for suitability and compared with the modified model for the environments. The models were based on data collected from LTE base stations at three geographical locations in Port Harcourt namely- Rumuokoro, Eneka and Ikwerre roads respectively. The simulation was implemented using MATLAB R2014a software. The modified model was further optimized with some selected parameters such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The results obtained gave rise to 3.030dB for RMSE and 0.00162dB for MAE respectively. The results obtained from the PSO optimized model demonstrated a better performance which is suitable for cell coverage planning and smooth handoff processes.
Abstract—The article emphasized the importance and the necessity for mobile network operators to visualize infrastructure sharing as an essential phase of development in the life cycle of mobile telecommunication industry in Nigeria. With the unprecedented network infrastructure challenges characterized by unfavourable business environment and the need for quick network deployment, prompted the need for harmonizing, collaboration and consolidation by the key service providers to reduce the OPEX and CAPEX while at the same time provide quality service delivery. The idea of telecom operators to pursue the policy of doing it alone on the ground to be the first network to reach a certain subscribers base should never be entertained in the Nigerian telecom industry. Numerous benefits ranging from network availability, reliability, innovation, expansion, customer satisfaction and economic sustainability are harnessed from telecom infrastructure sharing and therefore should be enforceable by the regulatory agency to ensure collaboration by the Nigerian network providers.
Voltage Stability Investigation of the Nigeria 330KV Interconnected Grid Syst...Onyebuchi nosiri
ABSTRACT: Voltage stability investigation of the Nigeria 330kV grid Power Network was carried out using Eigenvalues method. The power system Jacobian matrix was derived using Newton-Raphson power flow solution iterative method to determine the eigenvalues for the voltage stability evaluation of both the existing 28-bus and improved 52-bus Nigeria 330kV power networks. Positive and negative eigenvalues quantifying the power system voltage stability were identified. For a steady state power system, positive and negative eigenvalues showed stable and unstable systems respectively. The eigenvalues voltage stability method was developed, formulated and implemented on the existing 28-bus and proposed improved 52-bus Nigeria 330kV power networks. The various eigenvalues, eigenvectors, participation factors and weak buses contributing to system voltage instability were determined using Matlab/SIMULINK Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) for these power networks.
Abstract This paper presents the design and implementation of a quadcopter capable of payload delivery. A quadcopter is a unique unmanned aerial vehicle which has the capability of vertical take-off and landing. In this design, the quadcopter was controlled wirelessly from a ground control station using radio frequency. It was modeled mathematically considering its attitude and altitude, and a simulation carried out in MATLAB by designing a proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller was applied to a mathematical model. The PID controller parameters were then applied to the real system. Finally, the output of the simulation and the prototype were compared both in the presence and absence of disturbances. The results showed that the quadcopter was stable and able to compensate for the external disturbances.
Investigation of TV White Space for Maximum Spectrum Utilization in a Cellula...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract— The shortage of spectrum resource availability in wireless communication network due to the rapid increase in the number of subscribers and multimedia applications has given rise to the need for effective spectrum utilization of the licensed spectrum. Cognitive Radio Technology (CRT) was adopted for the system analysis due to its dynamism in accommodating both licensed and unlicensed users within a particular spectrum band. The study framework comprised television station channels in Owerri and its environs and Mobile Telecommunication Networks (MTN) in Owerri- the capital of Imo State, Nigeria as the license and unlicensed users respectively. An outdoor twenty-four hour spectrum occupancy measurement was carried out in the frequency bands of the licensed networks using 240-960 MHz Radio Frequency Spectrum analyzer to determine the spectral usage of the licensed user. A threshold of -95 dB was used to determine the presence of the licensed users. From the results obtained, it was observed that 60.7% of the spectrum band covered was unoccupied, 31.5% was not fully occupied while 7.9% was fully occupied. Energy Detection spectrum approach was implemented by the unlicensed users for easy determination of the spectrum status and resource management. The research therefore determines the status of Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum receivable in Owerri and its environs and proffer measures deployable in harnessing the unused RF resources using CRT.
Path Loss Characterization of 3G Wireless Signal for Urban and Suburban Envir...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract - The characteristic effects of propagation environment on wireless communication signals are significant on the transmitted and received signal quality. The study focused on investigative analysis of the effects of propagation environment on the wireless communication signals within some geographical domains in Port Harcourt, River State. Field measurements were carried out in some selected areas namely GRA phase II and Aggrey Road categorized as urban and Sub urban areas respectively using Sony Ericsson (W995) Test Phone and GPS receiver (BU353). The analyses were based on linear regression (mean square error) approach. The computed path loss exponents and standard deviation based on the empirical analyses conducted for urban and suburban environments are 3.57dB, 2.98dB and 19.6, 13.2, respectively. The results obtained were used to compare the performance of the various existing path loss prediction models such as Okumura-Hata, Cost 231 and ECC-33. Okumura-Hata model showed better performance in urban environment while Cost 231 performed better in rural environment. They study therefore recommends the deployment of Okumura-Hata model in urban, while Cost 231for suburban study areas.
Signal Strength Evaluation of a 3G Network in Owerri Metropolis Using Path Lo...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract: In this work, the path loss and the received signal strength of a 3G network at 2.1GHz was evaluated to determine its performance within the Owerri metropolis. Various measuring equipment such as Transmission Evaluation and Monitoring System (TEMS 11), Global positioning system (BU353 GPS) and laptop were deployed for the drive test within the selected urban and sub-urban regions. From the data collected, Owerri sub-urban region showed poor received signal power level compared to the Owerri urban region. The path loss exponents computed for the Owerri urban and sub-urban regions are 3.24 and 4.34 respectively, the mean square error was evaluated as 1.96 and 1.68. The result obtained showed deviations between the compared existing models (Hata and Cost 231) and the proposed models. However, the slope of the Hata plot was relatively close in comparison to the proposed model than that of Cost 231; hence, the proposed model was best suited for the environment followed by the Hata model.
Investigation of TV White Space for Maximum Spectrum Utilization in a Cellula...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract— The shortage of spectrum resource availability in wireless communication network due to the rapid increase in the number of subscribers and multimedia applications has given rise to the need for effective spectrum utilization of the licensed spectrum. Cognitive Radio Technology (CRT) was adopted for the system analysis due to its dynamism in accommodating both licensed and unlicensed users within a particular spectrum band. The study framework comprised television station channels in Owerri and its environs and Mobile Telecommunication Networks (MTN) in Owerri- the capital of Imo State, Nigeria as the license and unlicensed users respectively. An outdoor twenty-four hour spectrum occupancy measurement was carried out in the frequency bands of the licensed networks using 240-960 MHz Radio Frequency Spectrum analyzer to determine the spectral usage of the licensed user. A threshold of -95 dB was used to determine the presence of the licensed users. From the results obtained, it was observed that 60.7% of the spectrum band covered was unoccupied, 31.5% was not fully occupied while 7.9% was fully occupied. Energy Detection spectrum approach was implemented by the unlicensed users for easy determination of the spectrum status and resource management. The research therefore determines the status of Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum receivable in Owerri and its environs and proffer measures deployable in harnessing the unused RF resources using CRT.
Evaluation of Percentage Capacity Loss on LTE Network Caused by Intermodulati...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract- The paper evaluates the effects of third order Intermodulation Distortion (IMD3) on the Long Term Evolution (LTE) receiver due to coexistence between LTE and GSM networks. Amongst the various existing IMD orders which include first order, second order, third order, fifth order and seventh order. Third order is known to have the greatest distortion effects on a receiver due to its strength and its proximity to the frequency band of interest. It occurs as a result of the non-linear behavior of components or circuit at both the transmitter and receiver ends of wireless communication networks. IMD has potential negative effects on a victim receiver which majorly leads to increase in noise floor level and system capacity degradation. Deterministic approach was implemented in the work assuming worst case scenario. MATLAB software simulation was deployed to evaluate the capacity loss at the receiver end relative to a range of distances apart. Results obtained showed severe uplink capacity degradation when VISAFONE LTE network was interfered by INTERCELLULAR LTE downlink and ETISALAT GSM uplink. Various distances ranging from 500m to 3000m were varied between the ETISALAT GSM network and the VISAFONE LTE network. The results obtained showed that at 500 meters, the percentage capacity degradation was as high as 80. The least percentage capacity loss was obtained as 5.97 at 3000 meters.
Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of a Low-Noise Block Converter (LNBC) Used...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract— Modelling, Simulation and analysis of Low Noise Block Converter(LNBC) used for Communication Satellite reception using MATLAB is a work that tends to use some aspect of Computer Engineering tools to realise LNBC fundamentals where Channels programming sources provided programming for Broadcasting , the method involves using MATLAB to illustrate how microwave frequencies receives from Satellite are documented to lower block and range of frequencies, analysis of various LNBC was carried out with a view to drawing comparison between various signals, a test of faulty LNBC was carried out with LNBC schematics, simulation result were provided to show various responses with regards Modelling input waveguide signal, corrupted signal, filtered signal, modulated signal and recovered signals.
Design and Implementation of a Simple HMC6352 2-Axis-MR Digital Compass Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract— This paper deals with the design and implementation of a simple HMC6352 2-axis digital compass. Most compasses have been of the analogue type with magnetic needles as pointers. Replacing the “old” magnetic needle compass or the gyrocompass by an electronic solution offers advantages like having a solid-state component without moving parts and the ease of interfacing with other electronic systems. In this work, the aim is to design and implement a digital compass. To realize this, we made use of HMC6352 which is a 2-axis MR (magneto-resistive) sensor from Honeywell, Arduino Uno board with an onboard ATmega328 microcontroller chip, and a 16x2 character Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).We adopted the magneto-resistive (MR) technology as compared to flux-gate sensors common in most electronic compasses which has the disadvantage of making the device bulky. The trial test carried out with the completed HMC6352 digital compass showed a reading of 232.8 degrees West indicating its effectiveness in direction finding.
An Embedded Voice Activated Automobile Speed Limiter: A Design Approach for C...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract : The paper presents an improved design feature for conventional automobile speed limiters installed on cars used in Nigerian. The feature introduces an embedded voice activated prompt command system. The system was primarily designed to alert the Driver through a voice activated command when the speed of the car accelerates from 80km/hr to 95km/hr at an interval of 5km/hr. This became necessary to avoid abrupt jerking of the car at the maximum speed limit of 100km/hr and also functions as informative to the driver when attempts are made on unsafe movements such as inadequate/wrong calculated overtaking. Components such as resistors, diodes, transistors and relays were implemented in the design. Arduino UNO was used as the main controller of the system. Softwares such as Multisim and Proteus 8.5 professional were incorporated in the design with the use of C programming language for codes development. Algorithm was developed to enhance adequate system control. The simulated system demonstrated satisfactory performance based on the design specifications. Keywords
OPTIMIZATION OF COST 231 MODEL FOR 3G WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SIGNAL IN SUBURB...Onyebuchi nosiri
Radio propagation models are important tools adopted for the characterization and optimization of wireless communication signals in a propagation environment. In this paper, the Cost 231 model was optimized for 3G wireless communication signal in Aggrey Road (04˚ 45̀ .06˝N, 07˚ 02̀ .24˝E), a suburban area in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Phone-Based Drive Test was adopted for field measurement using TEMS 11 network simulator. The optimization process was implemented through the use of Least Square Algorithm taking into account the initial offset parameters and the slope of the model curve in Cost 231 model for the process. The performance of the optimized model using the statistical tools in Minitab-14 software was evaluated for the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and the Mean Squared Deviation (MSD) respectively. The results obtained demonstrated the following parametric values: 1.196, 2.01 and 1.179, 1.94 for Cost 231 and Optimized models respectively. The optimized model is recommended for deployment for a better and accurate path loss prediction on the environment of study
Coverage and Capacity Performance Degradation on a Co-Located Network Involvi...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract—Coverage and capacity performance in a cellular network determines the system potentials. If the coverage radius is limited, end users suffer poor service quality, if the system capacity reduces, fewer subscribers will be accommodated. This paper investigated the performance effects of the noise rise caused by the spurious emission from a co-located jammer involving downlink frequency of CDMA2000 and uplink frequency of WCDMA operating at 1.9GHz. Measurements were carried out to evaluate the impact on the coverage radius and the system capacity.
Comparative Study of Path Loss Models for Wireless Communication in Urban and...Onyebuchi nosiri
ABSTRACT: The study was based on the comparative analysis of radio propagation models for Global System for Mobile Communications at 900MHz. Drive test analyses were carried out from two selected terrains in Rivers State namely GRA Phase II and Aggrey Road classified as urban and suburban areas respectively, to evaluate the best propagation model for the study area. The data obtained were used to compare the various prediction models namely; Cost 231, Okumura-Hata and ECC-33. Mean path loss values of 115.16dB for Okumura-Hata and 117.79dB for COST 231 and 280.88dB for ECC-33 respectively were predicted in the urban environment. Mean path loss values of 115.16dB, 114.76dB and 314.84dB were predicted by Okumura-Hata, Cost 231and ECC-33 models respectively in the suburban environment. ECC-33 over estimated path loss and gave the highest prediction in both environments. Okumura-Hata model showed better performance in urban while COST 231 performed better in the suburban environment. Okumura-hata and COST 231 models are recommended for deployment in urban and suburban environments respectively.
Enhancing Wireless Communication using Software-Defined Radio Architecture Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract – Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is a rapidly evolving technology that is receiving enormous recognition and generating widespread interest in the telecommunication industry. It facilitates implementation of the physical and link layer protocols-in effect entire wireless system,-in software. A side effect of the rapid growth of wireless system technology in the recent past is an excess of wireless system standards. Therefore the SDR concept is emerging as a pragmatic solution. It aims to build flexible radio systems which are multiple-Defined Radio architectures as a prototyping, tool for wireless baseband signal processor implementations is explored. Signal processing implementations is explored. Signal processing architectures and algorithms for the physical layer of IEEE 802.11g- the latest release from the popular IEEE family of wireless standards-is developed and simulated in Matlab and Simulink. The integrity of the developed model is verified by measurement of the constellation versus signal to noise ratio (SNR) and Bit error Rate (BER) versus SNR graph, which are reported. The IEEE 802.11g PHY model is then translated to software (C++) with the aid of Real-Time workshop software tool. The generated codes can then be targeted on a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or other programmable hardware modules.
Adaptive Monitoring and Localization of Faulty Node in a Wireless Sensor Netw...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract
This work seeks to solve the problem that is being experienced in most existing remote monitoring systems by coming up with an enhanced monitoring system called Wireless Sensor Network. A Personal Area Network was evolved to increase the coverage area by spatially distributing Sensor nodes to capture and transmit physical parameters like temperature and Carbon monoxide in an indoor local cooking environment. Faulty node detection and localization was also realized, this was achieved by coming up with an algorithm that logically considers the receive signal strength value of -100 dbm as threshold, Result of data transmitted were viewed via a C-Sharp interface for Adaptive monitoring. The result from the Visual Basic plot shows that the Sensor nodes were able to capture temperature range of between 250C to 510C while the result of the CO emission shows an interval of 0.01g/m3 to 30.0 g/m3. A comparison between data transmitted at source and data received at the destination (sink) was carried out, a ranking test was used to validate the data received, a 0.9325 correlation value was obtained which shows a high level of integrity of 93.25% .
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.