The document discusses what a total station is and its components and uses. It can be summarized as follows: A total station is an electronic surveying instrument that combines an electronic theodolite and an electronic distance meter. It is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as distances to calculate coordinates. It has components like an electronic theodolite, distance meter, microprocessor, data collector and reflectors. Total stations offer accuracy, speed, convenience and easy integration with CAD software. There are different types including mechanical, robotic, prism and reflectorless models. Total stations are used to measure distances, angles, and coordinates and for applications in surveying, mining, and civil engineering construction.

1. What Is Total
Station?

2. A Total Station is an electrical and digitally operated surveying
instrument used for measurement and survey work. It is a gainful
instrument for estimating points like even and vertical, and
distance.
Working Principle of Total Station In
Surveying
Reflectorless fitted in total stations measure distances
between two points that are reasonably light in color, to a
few hundred meters. It also provides data on the
coordinate of the instrument position and bearing of a
backward station the coordinates of any other point can be
computed.

3. Components of Total Station
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The following are major Total Station Functions
•Electronic transit theodolite
•Electronic distance meter (EDM)
•Microprocessor
•Electronic data collector & storage system
Data Collector: The data collector collects and stores the information or
perceptions. The entire activity of taking in-out and putting away information
is constrained by the information gatherer.
Reflectors: The reflector is quietly the most fundamental function of the
Total station. This is because of the Total station capacities or takes the
estimations using the reflected beams.

4. Keyboard: It is an essential accessory of the Total station,
for providing the order to the microprocessor inbuilt into
the Total station which contains different order keys. These
keys incorporate switching keys, command keys, lighting
keys, power keys, and so on.
Software: In the majority of the Total station, the working
system utilized is Windows CE.
The following are major Total Station Parts

5. In addition to the significant parts, the Total station
likewise needs some extra function keys. Such
include the control panel, keyboard, data collectors,
memories, etc.
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9. Advantages of Total Station
The following are major benefits of using the total station in
surveying
1. Ease of Use
This instrument is easy & instinctive to use. They can measure the
distance and horizontal estimations at the same time, and they make
it simple to compute northing-easting (coordinates).
2. Speedy Work
Total stations can collect the information very quickly, so the
surveyor can get in and out of the field efficiently and quickly.
3. Convenience
The total station offers a quick and convenient setup. By means of
using a total station, the surveyor can work and take multiple
surveys from one station point.
4. Accuracy
The total station is more accurate to a fraction of an arc second as
well as to measure distances to hundredths of a foot over thousands
of feet.

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5. CAD interface
The total station can without much of a stretch
download review information to a PC-helped
drawing (CAD) program.
6. Avoids Manual Mistakes
Fieldwork is done extremely quickly and manual
mistakes associated with fieldwork and recording are
eliminated.
7. Fast Calculations
The calculation of coordinates is very fast & accurate.
Even corrections for temperatures and pressures are
automatically made.
8. Easy Computer Integration
Map-making, plotting contour, and cross-sections
may get by using raw data from computers. Scales &
contour intervals can be changed in no time.

11. The capability of a Total station
The microprocessor unit of a total station can compute the data
collected,
•An average number of angles was measured.
•An average number of distances measured.
•Compute the distance between two points.
•Compute the horizontal distance between two points.
•Compute the object’s elevation.

12. Types of Total Station
Mechanical Total Station
Mechanical total stations are
reliable and accurate, and
they make surveying quick
and easy. They don’t offer
remote control operation &
automated features, however,
the operation typically
requires two people.
Robotic Total Station
These Total stations take into
account more innovative
accommodation. They give
broadened controller
capacities and need just a
single operator, and they take
into consideration expanded
security in the testing
landscape due to their novel
capacity to work a good way
off.

13. 3. Prism Total Stations
Both the mechanical & robotic total stations come under prism
models. These total stations are more traditional than the above
two models, and they are still more commonly used. This Total
station uses prisms to reflect infrared waves and then
determines angles & distance by measuring the prism’s location.
4. Reflector
Less Total Stations: Both mechanical and robotic total stations
come under reflector-less versions as well. These total stations
of the newer model are useful for taking measurements in
challenging circumstances. This type of total station can work
in difficult terrain or in places where you can’t reach on foot,
and they don’t require the use of a prism.

14. Uses of Total Station in
Surveying
1. Distance Measuring
One of the main employments of the Total station is distance
measuring. It is very well utilized for distance estimation by utilizing
a regulated transporter infrared signal.
2. Angle Measurement
The most significant utilization of the Total station is the
measurements of the angle between two points. These precise
estimations are finished by utilizing the electrical and optical
filtering arrangement of the telescope.
3. Co-ordinate Determinations
It is additionally a significant use of the Total Station to decide the
area of the necessary field. For example, the Total station can be
utilized to compute the X, Y, and Z coordinates of any point.
4. Mining
Before the initiation of any mining work, a mining survey work
must be finished. The Total station is a significant instrument
utilized for this reason.
5. Civil Engineering Construction Works
Almost all types of civil engineering construction and related work
can be done using the total station.
It can be used for making maps and plans, demarcating property
lines, land surveying, determining the alignment of roads, bridges,
tunnels, etc.

15. PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHILE USING TOTAL
STATION
The following precautions must be taken while using
a total station on the field
•The total station must be handled properly and held by both
hands.
•The tripod must be held on a stable surface as far as possible
and practicable.
•The charged battery pack must be kept along with the battery
discharged.
•The tripod with the total station mounted on it must not be carried
from one station to another station.
•When the tribrach has been removed from the total station, it
should be handled carefully.

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