clay lumps, shale, soft, friable, or laminated particles, vegetable matter, or other objectionable material
Or
The harmful material in any construction is called Deleterious material.
Deleterious Material
clay lumps, shale, soft,or laminated particles, vegetable matter, or other objectionable material
Or
The harmful material in any construction is called Deleterious material.
Main reactions of deleterious material:
Alkali aggregates reaction
Alkali silica reaction
Alkali carbonates reaction
Alkali–aggregate reaction is a term mainly referring to a reaction which occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and non-crystalline silicon dioxide, which is found in many common aggregates
The alkali–silica reaction (ASR), more commonly known as "concrete cancer", is a reaction which occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and the reactive non-crystalline (amorphous) silica found in many common aggregates, given sufficient moisture
Mechanism of concrete deterioration:
The mechanism of ASR causing the deterioration of concrete can be described in four steps as follows:
The alkaline solution attacks the siliceous aggregate, converting it to viscous alkali silicate gel.
Consumption of alkali by the reaction induces the dissolution of Ca2+ ions into the cement pore water.
The penetrated alkaline solution converts the remaining siliceous minerals into bulky alkali silicate gel. The resultant expansive pressure is stored in the aggregate.
The accumulated pressure cracks the aggregate and the surrounding cement paste when the pressure exceeds the tolerance of the aggregate
Alkali carbonate reaction:
The alkali–carbonate reaction is a process suspected for the degradation of concrete containing dolomite aggregate.
Alkali from the cement might react with the dolomite crystals present in the aggregate inducing the production of brucite, (MgOH)2, and calcite (CaCO3). This mechanism was tentatively proposed by Swenson and Gillott (1950) and may be written as follows:
CaMg(CO3)2 + 2 NaOH → CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + Mg(OH)2
Brucite (Mg(OH)2), could be responsible for the volumetric expansion after de-dolomitisation of the aggregate, due to absorption of water.
This section deals with potentially deleterious materials, including:
asbestos;
calcium silicate brickwork;
chlorides;
composite panels;
formaldehyde;
high alumina cement concrete;
This presentation gives an overview on different types of acid attacks on concrete. Mechanism of each attack is discussed with few case studies. Hope it is useful
Deleterious Material
clay lumps, shale, soft,or laminated particles, vegetable matter, or other objectionable material
Or
The harmful material in any construction is called Deleterious material.
Main reactions of deleterious material:
Alkali aggregates reaction
Alkali silica reaction
Alkali carbonates reaction
Alkali–aggregate reaction is a term mainly referring to a reaction which occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and non-crystalline silicon dioxide, which is found in many common aggregates
The alkali–silica reaction (ASR), more commonly known as "concrete cancer", is a reaction which occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and the reactive non-crystalline (amorphous) silica found in many common aggregates, given sufficient moisture
Mechanism of concrete deterioration:
The mechanism of ASR causing the deterioration of concrete can be described in four steps as follows:
The alkaline solution attacks the siliceous aggregate, converting it to viscous alkali silicate gel.
Consumption of alkali by the reaction induces the dissolution of Ca2+ ions into the cement pore water.
The penetrated alkaline solution converts the remaining siliceous minerals into bulky alkali silicate gel. The resultant expansive pressure is stored in the aggregate.
The accumulated pressure cracks the aggregate and the surrounding cement paste when the pressure exceeds the tolerance of the aggregate
Alkali carbonate reaction:
The alkali–carbonate reaction is a process suspected for the degradation of concrete containing dolomite aggregate.
Alkali from the cement might react with the dolomite crystals present in the aggregate inducing the production of brucite, (MgOH)2, and calcite (CaCO3). This mechanism was tentatively proposed by Swenson and Gillott (1950) and may be written as follows:
CaMg(CO3)2 + 2 NaOH → CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + Mg(OH)2
Brucite (Mg(OH)2), could be responsible for the volumetric expansion after de-dolomitisation of the aggregate, due to absorption of water.
This section deals with potentially deleterious materials, including:
asbestos;
calcium silicate brickwork;
chlorides;
composite panels;
formaldehyde;
high alumina cement concrete;
This presentation gives an overview on different types of acid attacks on concrete. Mechanism of each attack is discussed with few case studies. Hope it is useful
Influence of metallurgical reactions in Inconel 625 on corrosion behaviour in...Heanjia Alloys
Columbium in alloy 625 provides resistance to sensitization to alloy. Few specimens of the material, although found to be less resistant as compare to others
Acid Corrosion Inhibitor is designed specifically to inhibit the acidic attack on various metals such as Brass, Copper, Tin, Nickel, Zinc, Lead, Galvanized surface and all other type of steel.
Nalcool 2000 is an efficient corrosion inhibitor which use in many applications. It serves as an effective corrosion inhibitor which used as a Nalcool 2000 is an efficient corrosion inhibitor which use in many applications. It serves as an effective corrosion inhibitor which used as a Coolant corrosion inhibitor.
General principles and process of isolation 2017nysa tutorial
this is based on MHCET, JEE, NEET, CBSE, ICSE, HSC board.
subject- chemistry.
it is based on CBSE, ICSE, HSC ,JEE, NEET, AIPMT, MTCET.
class 12 chemistry.
for buy ppt pay by paytm acount- 8879919898. price-Rs99 only/-
for more detail go my site
www.akchem.blogspot.com
akchem.tk
Done by: Sukari group
School name; Omar Bin Khattab secondary school for boys.
The project aimed to study how the investigated triazole derivative controls the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solutions. The corrosion rates in absence and presence of different concentrations of inhibitor will be measured using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Also, the effect of inhibitor on surface morphology of carbon steel will be investigated using scanning electron microscope.
CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE BLOCKS WITH DIFFERENT MIX PROPORTIONSIjripublishers Ijri
Burnt Clay Brick is the predominant construction material in the country. The CO2 emissions in the brick manufacture
process have been acknowledged as a significant factor to global warming. Now-a-days there are so many technologies
involved in the recent development of concrete. Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) is one of the recent emerging technology
in making concrete. The usage of Cellular Light-weight Concrete (CLC) gives a prospective solution to building
construction industry along with environmental preservation. By using this type of concrete, we have found so many
advantages when compared to the burnt clay bricks.
Influence of metallurgical reactions in Inconel 625 on corrosion behaviour in...Heanjia Alloys
Columbium in alloy 625 provides resistance to sensitization to alloy. Few specimens of the material, although found to be less resistant as compare to others
Acid Corrosion Inhibitor is designed specifically to inhibit the acidic attack on various metals such as Brass, Copper, Tin, Nickel, Zinc, Lead, Galvanized surface and all other type of steel.
Nalcool 2000 is an efficient corrosion inhibitor which use in many applications. It serves as an effective corrosion inhibitor which used as a Nalcool 2000 is an efficient corrosion inhibitor which use in many applications. It serves as an effective corrosion inhibitor which used as a Coolant corrosion inhibitor.
General principles and process of isolation 2017nysa tutorial
this is based on MHCET, JEE, NEET, CBSE, ICSE, HSC board.
subject- chemistry.
it is based on CBSE, ICSE, HSC ,JEE, NEET, AIPMT, MTCET.
class 12 chemistry.
for buy ppt pay by paytm acount- 8879919898. price-Rs99 only/-
for more detail go my site
www.akchem.blogspot.com
akchem.tk
Done by: Sukari group
School name; Omar Bin Khattab secondary school for boys.
The project aimed to study how the investigated triazole derivative controls the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solutions. The corrosion rates in absence and presence of different concentrations of inhibitor will be measured using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Also, the effect of inhibitor on surface morphology of carbon steel will be investigated using scanning electron microscope.
CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE BLOCKS WITH DIFFERENT MIX PROPORTIONSIjripublishers Ijri
Burnt Clay Brick is the predominant construction material in the country. The CO2 emissions in the brick manufacture
process have been acknowledged as a significant factor to global warming. Now-a-days there are so many technologies
involved in the recent development of concrete. Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) is one of the recent emerging technology
in making concrete. The usage of Cellular Light-weight Concrete (CLC) gives a prospective solution to building
construction industry along with environmental preservation. By using this type of concrete, we have found so many
advantages when compared to the burnt clay bricks.
Mechanism of different chemical attacks in a concrete like chloride attack, sulfate attack , which causes corrosion and spalling. Other reactions are alkali aggregate reaction , alkali silica reaction in concrete etc.
Infomatica, as it stands today, is a manifestation of our values, toil, and dedication towards imparting knowledge to the pupils of the society. Visit us: http://www.infomaticaacademy.com/
White Paper: Flatline Alkali-Silica Reaction with Pumice-Blended CementHess Pumice Products
There is no way to stop ASR once such chemically-flawed concrete has been placed. The solution? Mitigate it in the concrete mix design with economical, quantifiable pumice-blended cement.
The analysis of all of the significant processes that formed a basin and deformed its sedimentary fill from basin-scale processes (e.g., plate tectonics)
to centimeter-scale processes (e.g., fracturing)
Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion.
Response of material to the arrival of energy fronts released by rupture.
Energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs.
A fossil is the preserved remains of a once-living organism.
Fossils give clues about organisms that lived long ago. They help to show that evolution has occurred.
They also provide evidence about how Earth’s surface has changed over time.
Fossils help scientists understand what past environments may have been like.
A fossil is an impression, cast,
original material or track of any animal or plant that is preserved in rock after the original organic material is transformed or removed.
Second-largest phylum in number of species- over 100,000 described.
Ecologically widespread- marine, freshwater, terrestrial (gastropods very successful on land)
Variety of body plans (therefore, many classes within the phylum)
Variety in body size- from ~1 mm to ~18 m (60 feet). 80% are under 5 cm, but many are large and therefore significant as food for man.
A synthetic gemstone is identical to a natural gemstone in almost every way.This includes the same basic crystal structure, refractive index, specific gravity, chemical composition, colors, and other characteristics. Since the same gemological tests are used for stone identification on both natural and synthetic gems, it is sometimes even possible for a gemologist to be puzzled as to whether or not a stone is natural or synthetic. When this occurs, the best course of action is to send the stone to an accredited gem laboratory, like the Gemological Institute of America. They can positively determin ewhether a stone is synthetic or naturally occuring. Only minor internal characteristics allow separation of a synthetic gemstone from a natural gemston
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
Check out our list of the top 10 B.Tech colleges to help you make the right choice for your future career!
1) MNIT
2) MANIPAL UNIV
3) LNMIIT
4) NIMS UNIV
5) JECRC
6) VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIV
7) BIT JAIPUR
8) APEX UNIV
9) AMITY UNIV.
10) JNU
TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES, FEES AND PLACEMENT, WATCH THE FULL VIDEO GIVEN BELOW ON "TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSNje0MBh7g
VISIT CAREER MANTRA PORTAL TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES/UNIVERSITITES in Jaipur:
https://careermantra.net/colleges/3378/Jaipur/b-tech
Get all the information you need to plan your next steps in your medical career with Career Mantra!
https://careermantra.net/
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
PROJECT FORMAT FOR EVS AMITY UNIVERSITY GWALIOR.ppt
Deletarious Metrisl
1. Introduction:
Deleterious Material
clay lumps, shale, soft, friable, or laminated particles, vegetable matter, or
other objectionable material
Or
The harmful material in any construction is called Deleterious material.
2. Deleterious Substances in Concrete
The substances that are harmful to concrete performance are:
a. Clay lumps and other friable particles
b. Materials that are finer than 75µm (No. 200 sieve)
c. coal
d. Soft particles
e. Lightweight chert
3. Main reactions of deleterious material:
Alkali aggregates reaction
Alkali silica reaction
Alkali carbonates reaction
4. alkali aggregate reactions (AAR and ASR)
Alkali–aggregate reaction is a term mainly referring to a reaction which
occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and
non-crystalline silicon dioxide, which is found in many common aggregates
5. Alkali silica reaction:
The alkali–silica reaction (ASR), more commonly known as "concrete cancer",
is a reaction which occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline
cement paste and the reactive non-crystalline (amorphous) silica found in
many common aggregates, given sufficient moisture
6. Mechanism of concrete deterioration
The mechanism of ASR causing the deterioration of concrete can be described
in four steps as follows:
The alkaline solution attacks the siliceous aggregate, converting it to viscous
alkali silicate gel.
Consumption of alkali by the reaction induces the dissolution of Ca2+ ions into
the cement pore water.
The penetrated alkaline solution converts the remaining siliceous minerals
into bulky alkali silicate gel. The resultant expansive pressure is stored in the
aggregate.
The accumulated pressure cracks the aggregate and the surrounding cement
paste when the pressure exceeds the tolerance of the aggregate
7. Alkali carbonate reaction:
The alkali–carbonate reaction is a process suspected for the
degradation of concrete containing dolomite aggregate.
Alkali from the cement might react with the dolomite crystals
present in the aggregate inducing the production of brucite,
(MgOH)2, and calcite (CaCO3). This mechanism was tentatively
proposed by Swenson and Gillott (1950) and may be written as
follows:
CaMg(CO3)2 + 2 NaOH → CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + Mg(OH)2
Brucite (Mg(OH)2), could be responsible for the volumetric
expansion after de-dolomotisation of the aggregate, due to
absorption of water.
8.
9. This section deals with potentially
deleterious materials, including:
asbestos;
calcium silicate brickwork;
chlorides;
composite panels;
formaldehyde;
high alumina cement concrete;
10. Asbestos:
A highly heat-resistant fibrous silicate mineral that can be woven into fabrics,
and is used in brake linings and in fire-resistant and insulating materials
11.
12. calcium silicate brickwork
Insulation brick based on Calcium Silicate is reacted Calcium Silicate
continuing reinforcing fibers .It offers thermal efficiency of flexible insulation
like mineral wool and strength of conventional Insulation Bricks.
Insulation piper are ideal replacement for fibrous insulation and are un-
matched in places where insulation is exposed to water, floor traffic, impact
loads etc.
13. chlorides
a compound of chlorine with another element or group, especially a salt of
the anion Cl
−
or an organic compound with chlorine bonded to an alkyl group.
The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl
−
. It is formed when
the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron or when a compound such
as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar
solvents. Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often very soluble in
water.Chemical formula: Cl−
Molar mass: 35.45 g·mol−1
14. Composite panels
Composite panels are factory engineered panels used mainly for exterior
cladding, partitioning, load bearing walls and roofing elements in a wide
range of non-residential buildings.
16. High Alumina Cement
High Alumina Cement (HAC, sometimes known as calcium aluminate
cement(CAC) or aluminous cement) is composed of calcium aluminates,
unlike Portlandcement which is composed of calcium silicates. It is
manufactured from limestone or chalk and bauxite.
17. most toxic building materials used in
residential construction today
PVC, lead and mercury would be top my list. Each of
these common building components have known health
and toxicity problems, and can become deadly under the
wrong conditions.
Pvc:
Lead:
Mercury:
18. PVC:
Polyvinyl Chloride has a tremendous upstream toxicity impact (chemical
manufacturing in “cancer alley”), releases phthalates during it’s use phase of
life, and releases dioxin when burned. Dioxin is one of the most toxic
substances known to exist. PVC and PVC-byproducts contain known
carcinogens, and developmental and reproductive toxicants.
19. LEAD:
We’re learning that lead exposure – at even lower rates than previously
known – has negative effects in the form of cancer, and developmental and
reproductive toxicity. Around the country you can still buy faucets and lead-
containing solder to be used for potable water. In fact, in the US, even “lead-
free” solder and flux is allowed to contain lead! So you have to specify “100%
lead-free” if you’re serious about eliminating lead.
20. MERCURY:
There is still mercury in some electronics and thermostats, but the most
significant source in the residential sector is in lighting. Since the massive
rollout of Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFLs), several states and the EPA have
published clean-up protocols for broken CFLs. Mercury is a known
developmental toxicant, and it’s suspected of many other health effects