Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
Bridge Bearings has been considered as of huge importance in civil engineering. It plays a significant role in the structure of bridges. This presentation covers the complete study of Bridge Bearings.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
Visit www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com to Download.
The intersection of railway track and the road at the same level is referred to as a level crossing. In the urban areas the level crossing is generally monitored by qualified railway personnel who monitor the train movement and close the level crossing gate to stop the interfering road traffic but such closing of gates leads to congestion in road traffic and also causes loss of time to road users. Road under bridge and road over the bridge are considered as solutions for avoiding level crossings of roads and railway track.
Bridge Bearings has been considered as of huge importance in civil engineering. It plays a significant role in the structure of bridges. This presentation covers the complete study of Bridge Bearings.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
Visit www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com to Download.
The intersection of railway track and the road at the same level is referred to as a level crossing. In the urban areas the level crossing is generally monitored by qualified railway personnel who monitor the train movement and close the level crossing gate to stop the interfering road traffic but such closing of gates leads to congestion in road traffic and also causes loss of time to road users. Road under bridge and road over the bridge are considered as solutions for avoiding level crossings of roads and railway track.
Base isolation system consists of isolation units with or without isolation components, where: Isolation units are the basic elements of a base isolation system which are intended to provide the aforementioned decoupling effect to a building or non-building structure. Isolation components are the ...
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this presentation shows that the bearing of a bridge. what is the type of bearing used? category of bridge describe. know about the significance of bridge. why bearing is essential.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
2. Bearings are important elements
in large infrastructures such as
bridges, heavy buildings and high
rise buildings, ensuring load
transfer, movement, rotation,
vertical or horizontal restraints as
required by the design at critical
locations in a structure
3. Bridge Bearings are structural devices
positioned between the bridge
superstructure and the substructure.
Their principal functions are as follows:
1. To transmit loads from the
superstructure to the substructure
2. To accommodate relative movements
between the superstructure and the
substructure.
5. Translations ( both transverse and
longitudinal directions ) caused by
Creep, shrinkage and temperature
effects
Rotations caused by Traffic
loading, Construction tolerances
and uneven settlement of the
foundation
6. Until the end of the 18th century all
structures of any appreciable size
were built of stone, brick or mixed
masonry. These structures, generally
massive, are little affected by
environmental changes and any slight
movements which may occur are
compensated either by deformation
of the constituent materials or by
small displacement of the supports.
7. In the 19th century, with introduction of cast iron and
steel larger structural spans accompanied by lightening
of the structure which becomes-more slender and
flexible and loses some of the thermal inertia. They must
then be fitted at their support points with simple
devices, called bearings, which can withstand movement
and, more particularly, the expansion or contraction due
to temperature changes.
8. Rail Bridge that connects Piermont, NY (Hudson River) to Dunkirk.
9. Bearings used at that time were metal plates
sliding one on the other or, of rollers or, of a
combination of both. They were gradually
improved by incorporation of swivel
arrangements to provide rotational movements
11. In 20th century, RCC structures developed but, initially they were
as massive as masonry with little significant support
movements.
But at the end of Second World War the necessity of rebuilding
rapidly the structures favored the rapid development of
reinforced concrete and, even more so, of Pre-stressed concrete.
Structures which were more and more slender, needed bearing
devices to allow for movements and rotations
12. Bearings
Fixed Bearings Expansion Bearings
Allow rotations but
restrict translational
movements
Allow both rotational
and translational
movements
13. 1313
A sliding bearing utilizes one plane metal
plate sliding against another to
accommodate translations.
The sliding bearing surface produces a
frictional force that is applied to the
superstructure, the substructure, and the
bearing itself.
To reduce this friction force, PTFE
(Polytetrafluorethylene) is often used as a
sliding lubricating material.
14. Sliding bearings can be used alone or more often used
as a component in other types of bearings.
Pure sliding bearings can only be used when the
rotations caused by the deflection at the supports are
negligible.
They are therefore limited to a span length of 15 m or
less by ASHTTO.
A guiding system may be added to a sliding bearing to
control the direction of the movement.
16. A rocker bearing is a type of expansion bearing that comes in a
great variety.
It typically consists of a pin at the top that facilitates rotations,
and a curved surface at the bottom that accommodates the
translational movements
Rocker and pin bearings are primarily used in steel bridges.
17. The moment and lateral forces induced from the movement of
these bearings are very small and negligible.
However, metal bearings are susceptible to corrosion and
deterioration. A corroded joint may induce much larger forces.
Regular inspection and maintenance are, therefore, required.
18. 1818
Roller bearings are composed of
one or more rollers between two
parallel steel plates.
Single roller bearings can
facilitate both rotations and
translations in the longitudinal
direction, while a group of rollers
would only accommodate
longitudinal translations.
19. Single roller bearings are relatively cheap to manufacture, but
they only have a very limited vertical load capacity.
Multiple roller bearings, on the other hand, may be able to
support very large loads, but they are much more expensive.
Like rocker and pin bearings, roller bearings are also
susceptible to corrosion and deterioration. Regular inspection
and maintenance are essential.
21. 2121
Bearings are formed of horizontal layers of synthetic
or natural rubber in thin layers bound between steel
plates.
These bearings are capable of supporting high
vertical loads with very small deformations.
These bearings are flexible under lateral loads.
Steel plates prevent the rubber layers from bulging.
Lead cores are provided to increase damping capacity
as plain elastomeric bearings does not provide
significant damping.
They are usually soft in horizontal direction and hard
in vertical direction.
22. 2222
It consist of a laminated elastomeric bearing equipped
with a lead cylinder at the center of the bearing.
The function of the rubber-steel laminated portion of
the bearing is to carry the weight of the structure and
provide post-yield elasticity.
The lead core is designed to deform plastically, thereby
providing damping energy dissipation.
Lead rubber bearings are used in seismically active areas
because of their performance under earthquake loads.
23. 2323
A curved bearing consists of two matching
curved plates with one sliding against the
other to accommodate rotations.
The curved surface can be either cylindrical
which allows the rotation about only one axis
or spherical which allows the bearing to
rotate about any axis.
Lateral movements are restrained in a pure
curved bearing and a limited lateral resistance
may be developed through a combination of
the curved geometry and the gravity loads.
24. 2424
To accommodate lateral movements, a PTFE slider must be attached to the
bearings.
The lower convex steel plate that has a stainless steel mating surface is recessed in
the masonry plate.
The upper concave plate with a matching PTFE sliding surface sits on top of the
lower convex plate for rotations.
Between the sole plate and the upper concave plate there is a flat PTFE sliding
surface that will accommodate lateral movements.
25. 2525
A pot bearing comprises a plain elastomeric
disk that is confined in a shallow steel ring, or
pot. Vertical loads are transmitted through a
steel piston that fits closely to the steel ring
(pot wall).
Flat sealing rings are used to contain the
elastomer inside the pot.
The elastomer behaves like a viscous fluid
within the pot as the bearing rotates.
26. 2626
Because the elastomeric pad is confined, much
larger load can be carried this way than through
conventional elastomeric pads.
Translational movements are restrained in a pure
pot bearing, and the lateral loads are transmitted
through the steel piston moving against the pot wall.
To accommodate translational movement, a PTFE
sliding surface must be used.
Keeper plates are often used to keep the
superstructure moving in one direction.
27. 2727
A disk bearing utilizes a hard elastomeric
(polyether urethane) disk to support the vertical
loads and a metal key in the center of the bearing
to resist horizontal loads.
The rotational movements are accommodated
through the deformation of the elastomer. To
accommodate translational movements, however,
a PTFE slider is required.
In this kind of bearings, the polyether urethane
disk must be hard enough to resist large vertical
load without excessive deformation and yet
flexible enough to accommodate rotations easily.
28. 2828
Loads acting on bearings are calculated and suitable types are decided
For the various qualified bearing alternatives, preliminary designs are performed to
determine the approximate geometry and material properties in accordance with
design specifications.
It is likely that one or more alternatives will be eliminated now because of an
undesirable attribute such as excessive height, oversize footprint, resistance at low
temperature, sensitivity to installation tolerances, etc.
At the end of this step, one or more bearing types may still be feasible and they will
be included in the bid package as the final choices of the bearing types.
29. 2929
Where a simple span deck is supported over rigid supports and the span is less than
7.5m, no special bearing devices are necessary. Only tar paper or a felt layer is
adequate.
For spans betweens 7.5m to about 15m, mild steel plate bearings, sliding type over
free supports and rocking type over the fixed support, may be used.
For spans in excess of 15m, metallic rocker type bearing is provided over the fixed
support and a roller cum rocker type bearing is provided over the free supports.
Alternatively suitably designed laminated neoprene bearings may be provided.
30. 3030
Power-wash steel sliding plates and steel rocker bearings (especially at
abutments) annually when washing decks. Make sure to concentrate efforts
between rocker surfaces and base plates to remove dirt that could accumulate
and impede movement.
Touch up steel with high-quality epoxy paint as needed.
Neoprene bearings require little maintenance except occasional power washing
to keep dirt and debris from building up around bearings
31. 3131
1) Raina VK (1994) , ‘ Concrete Bridge Practice – Analysis, Design and Economics’,
Second edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi
2) Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges, Section-1 General
Features of Design (Eighth Revision), IRC-5:2015, Indian Road Congress, New Delhi
3) Bridge Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, New York Washington DC