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INTRODUCTION

 The word ‘data’ means collection of

information in the form of numerical figures, or a
set of given facts.
 Visual representation of data will help us to
understand it better and remember the facts
easily.
Examples :
 When some information is collected and presented randomly, then it is called raw data.
- The marks obtained by 10 students of a class in a test are:
76, 83, 95, 100, 56, 32, 80, 67, 75, 46
 A data classified into groups is called grouped data.
- The following table gives the data regarding the favourite game of 100 students of
school:

Sports

Cricket

Football

Tennis

Badminton

No. of
Students

40

30

25

5
ADVANTAGES
of handling data in a systematic order

 Data in raw form can be represented in the form of pictures and diagrams.


It makes the given data attractive to the observer.

 Also, it is easy to understand and to compare it with other information.
Representation of Numerical Data :

Pictograph

Bar graph

Pie graph
PICTOGRAPH
 Pictographs represent data through appropriate pictures.
 In pictographs, the same type of symbol or picture is used to represent the data. Each
symbol is used to represent a certain value.
 For example, one symbol may represent 25 students.

The following pictograph represents the number of students coming to a college by
different means of transport:
Example :
Distribution of cars in the month of July, August and September :
Bar Graph

 A representation of data with the help
of bars or rectangles in a diagram is called
a bar graph or a bar diagram.
 Each bar = one value of data, and hence,
there are as many bars as the number of
values in the data
 Length/height of bar = value of item,
Frequency Distribution Table
Grouping the raw data :
 Each group is called a class interval

Lower Class Limit

Upper Class Limit
 Upper Class Limit – Lower Class Limit = Width/size of class
interval
 Frequency : no. of times a particular item appears with
particular class interval
 Fill up the rows with tally marks and will count the total
number of tally marks in each group.
 Number of tally marks in each group is listed in the
frequency column.
Double Bar Graph
 A graph showing two sets of data simultaneously is called a double bar graph.




It is useful for comparing two sets of data.

Example : The following graph shows the strength of boys and girls in a school in different
years:

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Data handling

  • 1.
  • 2. INTRODUCTION  The word ‘data’ means collection of information in the form of numerical figures, or a set of given facts.  Visual representation of data will help us to understand it better and remember the facts easily.
  • 3. Examples :  When some information is collected and presented randomly, then it is called raw data. - The marks obtained by 10 students of a class in a test are: 76, 83, 95, 100, 56, 32, 80, 67, 75, 46  A data classified into groups is called grouped data. - The following table gives the data regarding the favourite game of 100 students of school: Sports Cricket Football Tennis Badminton No. of Students 40 30 25 5
  • 4. ADVANTAGES of handling data in a systematic order  Data in raw form can be represented in the form of pictures and diagrams.  It makes the given data attractive to the observer.  Also, it is easy to understand and to compare it with other information.
  • 5. Representation of Numerical Data : Pictograph Bar graph Pie graph
  • 6. PICTOGRAPH  Pictographs represent data through appropriate pictures.  In pictographs, the same type of symbol or picture is used to represent the data. Each symbol is used to represent a certain value.  For example, one symbol may represent 25 students. The following pictograph represents the number of students coming to a college by different means of transport:
  • 7. Example : Distribution of cars in the month of July, August and September :
  • 8. Bar Graph  A representation of data with the help of bars or rectangles in a diagram is called a bar graph or a bar diagram.  Each bar = one value of data, and hence, there are as many bars as the number of values in the data  Length/height of bar = value of item,
  • 9. Frequency Distribution Table Grouping the raw data :  Each group is called a class interval Lower Class Limit Upper Class Limit  Upper Class Limit – Lower Class Limit = Width/size of class interval  Frequency : no. of times a particular item appears with particular class interval  Fill up the rows with tally marks and will count the total number of tally marks in each group.  Number of tally marks in each group is listed in the frequency column.
  • 10. Double Bar Graph  A graph showing two sets of data simultaneously is called a double bar graph.   It is useful for comparing two sets of data. Example : The following graph shows the strength of boys and girls in a school in different years: