Modern liquid chromatography hardware and software embrace larger parts of our laboratory workflows than ever before. From sample preparation to sample vial labeling, from setting-up Liquid Chromatography runs to instant result calculation – everywhere along the workflow software and hardware automate work steps which have required manual action before. Next to better productivity, the automation and improved technologies also result in enhanced quality and result consistency.
The seminar reviews very practical examples which all users can relate too. It covers an attractive variety of application areas and analytical challenges.
This presentation identifies Gruber Systems' integrated process control solutions and capabilities. Gruber also is a leading manufacturer of molds for cast polymer, FRP and other applications, and serves a broad range of composites industries and customers.
This presentation provides information regarding the U.S. EPA's Tier III ruling which reduces the allowed sulfur concentrations in gasoline from an average of 30 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg in Ultra Low Sulfur Gasoline (ULSG).
Modern liquid chromatography hardware and software embrace larger parts of our laboratory workflows than ever before. From sample preparation to sample vial labeling, from setting-up Liquid Chromatography runs to instant result calculation – everywhere along the workflow software and hardware automate work steps which have required manual action before. Next to better productivity, the automation and improved technologies also result in enhanced quality and result consistency.
The seminar reviews very practical examples which all users can relate too. It covers an attractive variety of application areas and analytical challenges.
This presentation identifies Gruber Systems' integrated process control solutions and capabilities. Gruber also is a leading manufacturer of molds for cast polymer, FRP and other applications, and serves a broad range of composites industries and customers.
This presentation provides information regarding the U.S. EPA's Tier III ruling which reduces the allowed sulfur concentrations in gasoline from an average of 30 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg in Ultra Low Sulfur Gasoline (ULSG).
Validation of utility system (water system)ShameerAbid
these slides talked about the validation of utility systems in pharmaceutical industries
with special emphasis on the water system
helpful for pharmaceutical student
ORIFICE RESTRICTOR: DESIGN GUIDELINES
SPECIFICATION OF FUNCTION
DESCRIPTION OF FLUID
INLET FLUID PHASE(S)
FLOWRATE
UPSTREAM PRESSURE
DOWNSTREAM PRESSURE
OPERATING TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE EXTREMES: MINIMUM
TEMPERATURE EXTREMES: MAXIMUM
UPSTREAM DENSITY
UPSTREAM COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR.
IS RESTRICTOR PART OF SAFETY SYSTEM?
LINE SIZE
LINE REFERENCE
CALCULATED ORIFICE DIAMETER
Reactor Modeling Tools – Multiple Regressions
CONTENTS
0 INTRODUCTION
1 SCOPE
2 THEORY
3 EXCEL 2007: MULTIPLE REGRESSIONS
3.1 Overview
3.2 Multiple Regression Using the Data Analysis ADD-IN
3.3 Interpret Regression Statistics Table
3.4 Interpret ANOVA Table
3.5 Interpret Regression Coefficients Table
3.6 Confidence Intervals for Slope Coefficients
3.7 Test Hypothesis of Zero Slope Coefficients ("Test of Statistical Significance")
3.8 Test Hypothesis on a Regression Parameter
3.8.1 Using the p-value approach
3.8.2 Using the critical value approach
3.9 Overall Test of Significance of the Regression Parameters
3.10 Predicted Value of Y Given Regressors
3.11 Excel Limitations
4 SPECIAL FEATURES REQUIRING MORE SOPHISTICATED TECHNIQUES
5 USER INFORMATION SUPPLIED
A SUBROUTINE
B DATA
C RESULTS
6 EXAMPLE
This presentation was made to solely for students to make them aware/ understand basics of “Instrument Qualification/Validation”. These slides are part of lectures delivered in M. Pharmacy Curriculum & taken up from various books and websites
Qualification of Dissolution Test Apparatus and Validation of Utility System this presentation will help to enhance your knowledge in validation and qualification area.
This Engineering Design Guide has several aims.
It is intended to take an experienced mechanical engineer through the steps necessary to specify a gear and to carry out an assessment of gears offered against a particular specification for pumps, fans and compressors driven by electric motors, steam turbines, combustion gas turbines or expanders. It is not part of this Engineering Design Guide to show how to decide that a gear is or is not necessary for a particular duty.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT:
RESISTANCE ELEMENTS AND THERMOCOUPLES
SPECIFICATION OF FUNCTION
DESCRIPTION OF FLUID
NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE
REQUIRED TEMPERATURE RANGE
ALARM SETTINGS
TRIP SETTINGS
FLUID VELOCITY
REYNOLDS NUMBER
LINE SIZE
LINE REFERENCE
EQUIPMENT REFERENCE
NOZZLE SIZE
MINIMUM DESIGN PRESSURE
CORRESPONDING TEMPERATURE
MAXIMUM DESIGN PRESSURE
CORRESPONDING TEMPERATURE
HAZCON / HAZDEM
CONTENTS
1.0 PURPOSE
1.0.1 Team
1.0.2 Timing
1.0.3 Preparation
1.0.4 Documentation
HAZCON / HAZDEM: APPLICATION
1.1 SPECIFICATION OF THE WORK
a) HAZCON
b) HAZDEM
1.2 METHOD STATEMENT
1.3 HAZCON STUDY
1.4 HAZDEM STUDY
1.5 MONITORING OF ACTIVITIES
1.6 REVIEW OF HAZARD STUDY
The analyst is required to analyze a number of QC samples throughout the run where there are decisions to be made based on a window of acceptance for each QC sample analyzed.
Water Selenium Content Detector, Economical Water Selenium Content Detector, Water Selenium content Analyzer, Water Selenium content Meter, Water Selenium content Tester,Water Selenium content Chaker,Water Selenium content Sensor For More Information Please Logon http://cutt.us/G1rg
TG NET (Ethernet /POE Switch) company presentation 2016 v2.0Amy Yang
This is Amy from Shenzhen TG-NET Botone Technology CO. Ltd.( short for TG-NET), We are one of the leading manufacturers of IP Networking products in China. Specialized in R&D, manufacturing and marketing SMB & Enterprise network switches POE and routers.
Warmly welcome partners from all over the world to represent TG-NET brand or OEM cooperation.
Validation of utility system (water system)ShameerAbid
these slides talked about the validation of utility systems in pharmaceutical industries
with special emphasis on the water system
helpful for pharmaceutical student
ORIFICE RESTRICTOR: DESIGN GUIDELINES
SPECIFICATION OF FUNCTION
DESCRIPTION OF FLUID
INLET FLUID PHASE(S)
FLOWRATE
UPSTREAM PRESSURE
DOWNSTREAM PRESSURE
OPERATING TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE EXTREMES: MINIMUM
TEMPERATURE EXTREMES: MAXIMUM
UPSTREAM DENSITY
UPSTREAM COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR.
IS RESTRICTOR PART OF SAFETY SYSTEM?
LINE SIZE
LINE REFERENCE
CALCULATED ORIFICE DIAMETER
Reactor Modeling Tools – Multiple Regressions
CONTENTS
0 INTRODUCTION
1 SCOPE
2 THEORY
3 EXCEL 2007: MULTIPLE REGRESSIONS
3.1 Overview
3.2 Multiple Regression Using the Data Analysis ADD-IN
3.3 Interpret Regression Statistics Table
3.4 Interpret ANOVA Table
3.5 Interpret Regression Coefficients Table
3.6 Confidence Intervals for Slope Coefficients
3.7 Test Hypothesis of Zero Slope Coefficients ("Test of Statistical Significance")
3.8 Test Hypothesis on a Regression Parameter
3.8.1 Using the p-value approach
3.8.2 Using the critical value approach
3.9 Overall Test of Significance of the Regression Parameters
3.10 Predicted Value of Y Given Regressors
3.11 Excel Limitations
4 SPECIAL FEATURES REQUIRING MORE SOPHISTICATED TECHNIQUES
5 USER INFORMATION SUPPLIED
A SUBROUTINE
B DATA
C RESULTS
6 EXAMPLE
This presentation was made to solely for students to make them aware/ understand basics of “Instrument Qualification/Validation”. These slides are part of lectures delivered in M. Pharmacy Curriculum & taken up from various books and websites
Qualification of Dissolution Test Apparatus and Validation of Utility System this presentation will help to enhance your knowledge in validation and qualification area.
This Engineering Design Guide has several aims.
It is intended to take an experienced mechanical engineer through the steps necessary to specify a gear and to carry out an assessment of gears offered against a particular specification for pumps, fans and compressors driven by electric motors, steam turbines, combustion gas turbines or expanders. It is not part of this Engineering Design Guide to show how to decide that a gear is or is not necessary for a particular duty.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT:
RESISTANCE ELEMENTS AND THERMOCOUPLES
SPECIFICATION OF FUNCTION
DESCRIPTION OF FLUID
NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE
REQUIRED TEMPERATURE RANGE
ALARM SETTINGS
TRIP SETTINGS
FLUID VELOCITY
REYNOLDS NUMBER
LINE SIZE
LINE REFERENCE
EQUIPMENT REFERENCE
NOZZLE SIZE
MINIMUM DESIGN PRESSURE
CORRESPONDING TEMPERATURE
MAXIMUM DESIGN PRESSURE
CORRESPONDING TEMPERATURE
HAZCON / HAZDEM
CONTENTS
1.0 PURPOSE
1.0.1 Team
1.0.2 Timing
1.0.3 Preparation
1.0.4 Documentation
HAZCON / HAZDEM: APPLICATION
1.1 SPECIFICATION OF THE WORK
a) HAZCON
b) HAZDEM
1.2 METHOD STATEMENT
1.3 HAZCON STUDY
1.4 HAZDEM STUDY
1.5 MONITORING OF ACTIVITIES
1.6 REVIEW OF HAZARD STUDY
The analyst is required to analyze a number of QC samples throughout the run where there are decisions to be made based on a window of acceptance for each QC sample analyzed.
Water Selenium Content Detector, Economical Water Selenium Content Detector, Water Selenium content Analyzer, Water Selenium content Meter, Water Selenium content Tester,Water Selenium content Chaker,Water Selenium content Sensor For More Information Please Logon http://cutt.us/G1rg
TG NET (Ethernet /POE Switch) company presentation 2016 v2.0Amy Yang
This is Amy from Shenzhen TG-NET Botone Technology CO. Ltd.( short for TG-NET), We are one of the leading manufacturers of IP Networking products in China. Specialized in R&D, manufacturing and marketing SMB & Enterprise network switches POE and routers.
Warmly welcome partners from all over the world to represent TG-NET brand or OEM cooperation.
Tin180.com là trang tin tức văn hóa lành mạnh. Các nội dung chính: xã hội, thế giới, thể thao, văn hóa, nghệ thuật, khoa học, thế giới số, đời sống, sức khỏe, cư dân mạng, kinh doanh, ô tô, xe máy, chuyện lạ, giải trí
Ice Asia - material handling equipments, flue gas analyzers, hydrogen purity analyzers, sf6 analyzers manufacturer, flue gas analyzer, process & analytical instruments, hydrogen purity analyzer, sf6 analyzer supplier etc.
Online SAP Testing Training is an experienced SAP Consulting and Training institute to deliver highest quality solutions to our clients to meet the requirement with consistency.
We are committed to helping you train a handful of employees or your entire organization on software essentials and advanced techniques. Our comprehensive online virtual Training libraries cover hot topics related to SAP Testing Techniques.
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3 Things Every Sales Team Needs to Be Thinking About in 2017Drift
Thinking about your sales team's goals for 2017? Drift's VP of Sales shares 3 things you can do to improve conversion rates and drive more revenue.
Read the full story on the Drift blog here: http://blog.drift.com/sales-team-tips
Shortcut Methods of Distillation Design
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 ESTIMATIONOF PLATEAGE AND REFLUX
REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Generalized Procedure for Nmin and Rmin
2.2 Equation based Procedure for Nmin and Rmin
3 PREDICTION OF OVERALL PLATE EFFICIENCY
4 SIZING OF MAIN PLANT ITEMS
4.1 Column Diameter
4.2 Surface Area of Condensers and Reboilers
FIGURES
1 NON-IDEAL EQUILIBRIUM CURVE
2 AT A GLANCE CHART BASED ON FENSKE,
UNDERWOOD
3 PLATE EFFICIENCY CORRELATION OF O’CONNEL
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF A...Gerard B. Hawkins
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC EFFLUENT STREAMS
CONTENTS
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
3.1 IPU
3.2 AOS
3.3 BODs
3.4 COD
3.5 TOC
3.6 Toxicity
3.7 Refractory Organics/Hard COD
3.8 Heavy Metals
3.9 EA
3.10 Biological Treatment Terms
3.11 BATNEEC
3.12 BPEO
3.13 EQS/LV
3.14 IPC
3.15 VOC
3.16 F/M Ratio
3.17 MLSS
3.18 MLVSS
4 DESIGN/ECONOMIC GUIDELINES
5 EUROPEAN LEGISLATION
5.1 General
5.2 Integrated Pollution Control (IPC)
5.3 Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Costs (BATNEEC)
5.4 Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO)
5.5 Environmental Quality Standards(EQS)
6 IPU EXIT CONCENTRATION
7 SITE/LOCAL REQUIREMENTS
8 PROCESS SELECTION PROCEDURE
8.1 Waste Minimization Techniques (WMT)
8.2 AOS Stream Definition
8.3 Technical Check List
8.4 Preliminary Selection of Suitable Technologies
8.5 Process Sequences
8.6 Economic Evaluation
8.7 Process Selection
APPENDICES
A DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 1
B DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 2
C THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRIORITY CANDIDATE LIST
D THE UK RED LIST
E CURRENT VALUES FOR EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS AND CORRESPONDING LIMIT VALUES
F ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGIES
G EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
H PROPRIETARY/LESS COMMON TECHNOLOGIES
J COMPARATIVE COST DATA
Study 2: Front-End Engineering Design and Project DefinitionGerard B. Hawkins
Study 2: Front-End Engineering Design and Project Definition
CONTENTS
2.0 PURPOSE
2.0.1 Team
2.0.2 Timing
2.0.3 Documentation
HAZARD STUDY 2: APPLICATION
2.1 Study of Process and Non-Process Activities
2.2 Study of Programmable Electronic Systems (PES)
2.3 Risk Assessment
2.4 Defining the Basis for Safe Operation
2.5 Review of Hazard Study 2
APPENDICES
Appendix A Hazard Study 2 Method
A.1 Significant Hazards Flowsheet
A.2 Event Guide Diagram
A.3 Consequence Guide Diagram
A.4 Typical Measures to Reduce Consequences
Appendix B Programmable Electronic Systems (PES) Guide Diagram
Appendix C Risk Assessment
C.1 Risk Assessment Procedure
C.2 Risk Matrix
C.3 Risk Matrix Guidance for Consequence Categories – Safety and Health Incidents
C.4 Risk Matrix Guidance for Consequence Categories – Environmental Incidents
Appendix D Key Hazards and Control Measures
Appendix E Content of Hazard Study 2 Report Package.
VLE Data - Selection and Use
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF IDEAL
AND NON-IDEAL SYSTEMS
4.1 Ideal Mixtures
4.2 Non-Ideal Mixtures
5 REVIEW OF VLE MODELS
5.1 Ideal Behavior in Both Phases
5.2 Liquid Phase Non-Idealities
5.3 High Pressure Systems
5.4 Special Models
6 SETTING UP A VLE MODEL
6.1 Define Problem
6.2 Select Data
6.3 Select Correlation(s)
6.4 Produce Model
7 AVOIDING PITFALLS
7.1 Experimental Data is Better than Estimates
7.2 Check Validity of Fitted Model
7.3 Check Limitations of Estimation Methods
7.4 Know Your System
7.5 Appreciate Errors and Effects
7.6 If in Doubt – Ask
8 A CASE STUDY
8.1 The Problem
8.2 The System
8.3 Data Available
8.4 Selected Correlation
8.5 Simulation
8.6 Selection of Model
9 RECOMMENDED READING
10 VLE EXPERTS IN GBHE
APPENDICES
A USE OF EXTENDED ANTOINE EQUATION
B USE OF WILSON EQUATION
C USEFUL METHODS OF ESTIMATING
D EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR VLE CALCULATIONS
TABLES
1 SUMMARY OF VLE METHODS
2 LIST OF USEFUL REFERENCES
FIGURES
1 VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM - IDEAL SOLUTION
BEHAVIOR
2 VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM - A GENERALISED
Y-X DIAGRAM
3 VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM - MINIMUM BOILING
AZEOTROPE
4 VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM - MAXIMUM BOILING
AZEOTROPE
5 VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM - MINIMUM BOILING
AZEOTROPE -TWO LIQUID PHASES
6 SENSITIVITY TO ERROR IN VLE DATA (BASED ON FENSKE EQUATION)
7(a) FITTING WILSON 'A' VALUES TO VLE DATA - CASE A
7(b) FITTING WILSON 'A' VALUES TO VLE DATA - CASE B
7(c) FITTING WILSON 'A' VALUES TO VLE DATA - CASE C
Filtration
0 INTRODUCTION
1 The Theory Underlying Filtration Processes
1.1 The Mechanism of Simple Filtration Systems
1.1.2 Cake Filtration
1.1.3 Complete Blocking
1.1.4 Standard Blocking
1.1.5 Intermediate Blocking
1.2 Cake Filtration – Models and Mechanisms
1.2.1 Classical Theory for the Permeability of Porous Cakes and Beds
1.2.2 The Rate of Filtration through a Compressible Cake – The Standard Filtration Equation
1.2.3 The Compression or Consolidation of Filter Cakes – Ultimate degree of dewatering
1.2.4 The Rate of Consolidation
1.2.5 Useful Semi-Empirical Relations for Constant Pressure and Constant Rate Cake Filtration
1.2.6 Constant Pressure Filtration
1.2.7 Constant Rate Filtration
1.2.8 Multiphase Theory of Filtration
1.3 Crossflow Filtration
2 The Range and Selection of Filtration Equipment Technology
2.1 Scale
2.2 Solids Recovery, Liquids Clarification or Feed stream Concentration
2.3 Rate of Sedimentation
2.4 Rate of Cake Formation and Drainage
2.5 Batch vs Continuous Operation
2.6 Solids Loading
2.7 Further Processing
2.8 Aseptic or “Hygienic” Operation
2.9 Miscellaneous
2.10 Shear versus Compressional Deformation
2.11 Pressure versus Vacuum
3 Suspension Conditioning Prior to Filtration
3.1 Simple Filtration Aids
3.2 Mechanical Treatments
4 Post-Filtration Treatments and Further Downstream Processing
4.1 Washing
4.1.1 Air-Blowing
4.1.2 Drying
5 Testing and Characterization of Suspensions
5.1 Introduction – Suspension
5.2 Properties relevant to Filtration Performance
5.2.1 Pre-Filtration Properties of Suspension
5.2.2 Properties of Filter Cake
5.2.3 Laboratory Scale Filtration Rigs
5.3 Means of Monitoring Flocculant Dosage
5.4 Filter Cake Testing
5.4.1 Strength Testing (See also piston press described earlier)
5.4.2 Cake Permeability or Resistance
5.4.3 Rate of Cake Formation
6 Examples of the Application of the Forgoing Principles
6.1 Dewatering of Calcium Carbonate Slurries
6.2 Dewatering of Organic Products – Procion Dyestuffs
6.3 Filtration of Biological Systems – Harvesting a Filamentous Organism
References
Tables
Figures
Integration of Reciprocating Metering Pumps Into A ProcessGerard B. Hawkins
Integration of Reciprocating Metering Pumps into a Process
Engineering Design Guide
1 SCOPE
2 PRELIMINARY CHOICE OF PUMP
SECTION A - TYPE/FLOW/PRESSURE/SPEED RATING
Al Pumping Pressure
A2 Pump Flowrate and Capacity
A3 Guide to Pump Speed & Type
A4 Metering Criteria
A5 Pressure Pulsation
A6 Over Delivery
SECTION B - INLET CONDITIONS
B1 Calculation of Basic NPSH
B2 Correction for Frictional Head
B3 Correction for Acceleration Head
B4 Calculation of Available NPSH
B5 Corrections to NPSH for Fluid Properties
B6 Estimation of NPSH Required
B7 Priming
SECTION C - POWER RATING
C1 Pump Efficiency
C2 Calculation of Absorbed Power
C3 Determination of Driver Power Rating
SECTION D - CASING PRESSURE RATING
Dl Calculation of Maximum Discharge Pressure
D2 Discharge Pressure Relief Rating
D3 Calculation of Pump Head Outlet Losses
D4 Casing Hydrostatic Test Pressure
APPENDICES
A RELIABILITY CLASSIFICATION
FIGURES
A3.1 ESTIMATE OF CRANK SPEED
A3.3 SELECTION OF PUMPING HEAD TYPE
B5.1 ESTIMATE OF VISCOSITY OF FINE SUSPENSIONS
B6 ESTIMATE OF NPSH REQUIRED
C1.1 GRAPH - VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY VS MEAN DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
Hygiene: Estimating and Understanding Personal Exposure to Inhalation of Vapo...Gerard B. Hawkins
Hygiene: Estimating and Understanding Personal Exposure to Inhalation of Vapors on Chemical Plants
It is a vital aspect of chemical plant design and operation to minimize any contact of the operating and maintenance personnel with the chemicals on the plant. Often the most significant route of exposure to chemicals is by inhalation, and in this case it is relatively easy to measure exposure. This has led to the development of standards which indicate levels of exposure which should minimize any risk to health. These will be called Occupational Exposure
Limits (OELs) in this Guide as a generic name...
Fixed Bed Reactor Scale-up Checklist
The purpose of this checklist is to identify the stages and potential problems associated with the scale up of fixed bed reactors from the drawing board to the full scale plant, and to determine how they should be checked.
The checking can be done using various methods. These are:
• Literature data.
• Lab testing.
• Calculation.
• Modeling.
• Semi-tech testing.
• Piloting or Sidestream testing.
Identifying the stages that need to be addressed for a particular catalyst/reactor development will help in estimating the time needed for the development of the reactor
Study 3: Detailed Design Hazards
CONTENTS
3.0 PURPOSE
3.0.1 Team
3.0.2 Timing
3.0.3 Preparation
3.0.4 Documentation
HAZARD STUDY 3: APPLICATION
3.1 Continuous Processes
3.2 Batch Processes
3.3 Mechanical Handling Operations
3.4 Maintenance and Operating Procedures
3.5 Programmable Electronic Systems
3.6 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for Programmable Electronic Systems
3.7 Electrical Systems
3.8 Buildings
3.9 Other Studies
3.10 Other Related Tools
3.11 Human Factors
3.12 Review of Hazard Study 3
APPENDICES
A Continuous Processes
B Batch Processes
C Mechanical Handling Operations Guide Diagram
D Maintenance / Operating Procedure
E Programmable Electronic Systems
F DCS FMEA Method
G Electrical Systems Guide Diagram
H Building Design and Operability
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGA...Gerard B. Hawkins
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs)
FOREWORD
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE NEED FOR VOC CONTROL
3 CONTROL AT SOURCE
3.1 Choice or Solvent
3.2 Venting Arrangements
3.3 Nitrogen Blanketing
3.4 Pump Versus Pneumatic Transfer
3.5 Batch Charging
3.6 Reduction of Volumetric Flow
3.7 Stock Tank Design
4 DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT
4.1 By Inference or Calculation
4.2 Flow Monitoring Equipment
4.3 Analytical Instruments
4.4 Vent Emissions Database
5 ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY
5.1 Available Options
5.2 Selection of Preferred Option
5.3 Condensation
5.4 Adsorption
5.5 Absorption
5.6 Thermal Incineration
5.7 Catalytic Oxidation
5.8 Biological Filtration
5.9 Combinations of Process technologies
5.10 Processes Under Development
6 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
7 REFERENCES
Appendix 1. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potentials
Appendix 2. Examples of Adsorption Preliminary Calculations
Appendix 3. Example of Thermal Incineration Heat and Mass Balance
Appendix 4. Cost Correlations
Residence Time Distribution Data
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 BASICS OF RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION DATA
5 USE OF RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION DATA
5.1 Micromixing and Macromixing
5.2 Example 1 - Reaction is First Order
5.3 Example 2 - Reaction is Second Order
5.4 Complex Reactions and Residence Time Distribution
5.5 Examples
6 RESIDENCE TIME MEASUREMENTS WITH
RADIOISOTOPES
6.1 General
6.2 Types of Reactors
6.3 Models Based on Method of Moments
6.4 Non-impulse Input
6.5 Diagnosis of Problems
6.6 Commercial Radioisotope Service
7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Physical Properties for Heat Exchanger Design
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 COMPONENT PROPERTIES
4.1 General
4.2 Use of Component Properties for Mixtures
5 INPUT OF MIXTURE CURVES
5.1 General
5.2 Generation of the Mixture Curves
5.3 Selection of Temperature Points
5.4 Extrapolation
6 IMMISCIBLE CONDENSATES
FIGURES
1 TEMPERATURE POINTS SELECTED FOR EQUAL ENTHALPY CHANGE
2 TEMPERATURE POINTS SELECTED FOR GOOD
FIT TO CURVE
Overflows and Gravity Drainage Systems
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM
5 DESIGNING FOR FLOODED FLOW
6 DESIGNING NON-FLOODED PIPELINES
6.1 Vertical Pipework
6.2 From the Side of a Vessel
6.3 Established (uniform) Flow in Near-horizontal Pipes
6.4 Non-uniform Flow
7 NON-FLOODED FLOW IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS
8 ENTRAINING FLOW
9 SIMPLE TANK OVERFLOWS
9.1 Venting of the Tank
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY
11 NOMENCLATURE
TABLE
1 GEOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS OF PART-FULL PIPES
FIGURES
1 TYPICAL SEQUENCE OF SURGING FLOW
2 DESIGNING FOR FLOODED FLOW
3 CAPACITY OF SLOPING PIPELINES
4 OVERFLOW FROM SIDE OF VESSEL
5 METHODS OF AVOIDING LARGE CIRCULAR SIDE
OVERFLOWS
6 CAPACITY OF A GENTLY SLOPING PIPE AS A FUNCTION OF LIQUID DEPTH
7 COMPLEX PIPE SYSTEMS
8 REMOVAL OF ENTRAINED GASES
City of Asheboro Carotek Process Solutions Summit presentationCarotek
Learn how the City of Asheboro is meeting government regulations, reducing power consumption, saving on chemical cost by using the proper instrumentation equipment. This leads to real-time data, better monitoring and control methods, cost savings and more for the city.
Reactor Modeling Tools - An Overview
CONTENTS
1 SCOPE
2 OPTIONS IN REACTOR MODELING
2.1 General
2.2 Level of Complexity of Model
2.3 Mode of Operation of Model
2.4 Deterministic versus Empirical Modeling
2.5 Platforms for Model
2.6 Steady State versus Dynamic Model
2.7 Dimensions Modeled in Reactor
2.8 Scale of Modeling for Multiphase Reactors
2.9 Writing and Using the Model
APPENDICES
A CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT REACTOR MODELS
B NEEDS FOR MODELING AT DIFFERENT SCALES IN
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC REACTORS
C REACTOR MODELS EMPLOYED WITHIN GBHE
DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROCESS ENGINEERING GUIDE
DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS Gerard B. Hawkins
DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope of this Guide
1.3 Use of the Guide
2 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
2.1 Principal Concerns
2.2 Mechanisms for Ozone Formation
2.3 Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential
2.4 Health and Environmental Effects
2.5 Air Quality Standards for Ground Level Concentrations of Ozone, Targets for Reduction of VOC Discharges and Statutory Discharge Limits
3 VENTS REDUCTION PHILOSOPHY
3.1 Reduction at Source
3.2 End-of-pipe Treatment
4 METHODOLOGY FOR COLLECTION & ASSESSMENT OF PROCESS FLOW DATA
4.1 General
4.2 Identification of Vent Sources
4.3 Characterization of Vents
4.4 Quantification of Process Vent Flows
4.5 Component Flammability Data Collection
4.6 Identification of Operating Scenarios
4.7 Quantification of Flammability Characteristics for Combined Vents
4.8 Identification, Quantification and Assessment of Possibility of Air Ingress Routes
4.9 Tabulation of Data
4.10 Hazard Study and Risk Assessment
4.11 Note on Aqueous / Organic Wastes
4.12 Complexity of Systems
4.13 Summary
5 SAFE DESIGN OF VENT COLLECTION HEADER SYSTEMS
5.1 General
5.2 Process Design of Vent Headers
5.3 Liquid in Vent Headers
5.4 Materials of Construction
5.5 Static Electricity Hazard
5.6 Diversion Systems
5.7 Snuffing Systems
6 SAFE DESIGN OF THERMAL OXIDISERS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Design Basis
6.3 Types of High Temperature Thermal Oxidizer
6.4 Refractories
6.5 Flue Gas Treatment
6.6 Control and Safety Systems
6.7 Project Program
6.8 Commissioning
6.9 Operational and Maintenance Management
APPENDICES
A GLOSSARY
B FLAMMABILITY
C EXAMPLE PROFORMA
D REFERENCES
DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROCESS GUIDE
TABLE
1 PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL REFERENCED
TO ETHYLENE AS UNITY
FIGURES
1 SCHEMATIC OF TYPICAL VENT COLLECTION AND THERMAL OXIDIZER SYSTEM
2 TYPICAL KNOCK-OUT POT WITH LUTED DRAIN
3 SCHEMATIC OF DIVERSION SYSTEM
4 CONVENTIONAL VERTICAL THERMAL OXIDIZER
5 CONVENTIONAL OXIDIZER WITH INTEGRAL WATER SPARGER
6 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH STAGED AIR INJECTION
7 DOWN-FIRED UNIT WITH WATER BATH QUENCH
8 FLAMELESS THERMAL OXIDATION UNIT
9 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH REGENERATIVE HEAT RECOVERY
10 TYPICAL PROJECT PROGRAM
11 TYPICAL FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAM
12 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR
13 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR ON 100 Rm³ OF FLAMMABLE GAS
Aplication of on line data analytics to a continuous process polybetene unitEmerson Exchange
This Emerson Exchange, 2013 presentation summarizes the 2013 field trail results achieved by applying on-line continuous data analytics to Lubrizol’s continuous polybutene process. Continuous data analytics may be used to provide an on-line prediction of quality parameters, and enable on-line detection of fault conditions. Information is provided on improvements made in the model used for quality parameter prediction, and how the field trail platform was integrated into the process unit. Presenters Qiwei Li, production engineer, Efren Hernandez and Robert Wojewodka, Lubrizol Corp., and Terry Blevins, principal technologist at Emerson, won best in conference in the process optimization track for this presentation.
Utilizing DeltaV Advanced Control Innovations to Improve Control PerformanceEmerson Exchange
Many functions of the DeltaV system are unique in the process industry. In this presentation we explore and discuss innovative features of the DeltaV PID and embedded Advanced Control products that can be applied to improve control performance. In particular, PID options are addressed that enhance cascade and override applications and allow effective single loop control using a sampled or wireless measurement. Application examples are used to illustrate how MPC can be easily added and commissioned online with no changes in the existing control strategy. Also, continuous data analytics is used an example that illustrates how future tools will enable improvements to be made in plant operations.
This Emerson Exchange, 2013 workshop presentation addresses the online training available through Emerson Process educational services. Effective, consistent, easy to access on-line courses have been developed to address customer training requirements. An education portal is available on-line with 24x7 access to a variety of online courses that include comprehensive exams and workshops. Information will be provided on this new online learning portal and online course library. The “new” online Control Loop Foundation course is used to demonstrate this on-line learning capability and how students learn and get gain hands on experience with single loop and multi-loop control techniques.
The DeltaV PIDPlus is based on a modification of the PID reset and rate calculation to account for non-periodic measurement updates. An alternate approach is to use PID with a modified Kalman filter or modified Smith Predictor. Test results are presented that compare the PIDPlus to these alternate approaches.
In this presentation we address the implementation of a scalar Kalman Filter for use in closed loop control of industrial process that is characterized by one manipulated input and one controlled parameter. A DeltaV linked composite is described that allows Kalman filtering to be used with the PID block in closed loop control. Also, information is provided on a DeltaV module that may be used to get more familiar with the Kalman filter in a test environment. The Kalman Filter composite and test module may be accessed through application exchange at the DeltaV Interactive Portal
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Continuous data analytics may be used to provide an on-line prediction of quality parameters and enable on-line detection of fault conditions. In this workshop, we present the results achieved in extending Lubrizol’s past work with on-line batch analytics to a continuous polybutene process. Information will be presented on how data analytics may be used to improve multiple quality and operational variables. The presentation will include a demonstration of the web interface used in the field trial and a summary of the operational benefits gained during the trial.
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Advanced control foundation tools and techniquesEmerson Exchange
A new book on advanced control fundamental will be published by ISA in September, 2012. This book addresses all the advanced control products that are included in the DeltaV control system or are planned for a future DeltaV release. In this session two of the authors present and discuss key areas addressed in the book and demonstrate web site that accompanies the book.
The semantic web an inside look at the creation of control loop foundationEmerson Exchange
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* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
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CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
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Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
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Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
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Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
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Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
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Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
2. Bridging the Gap with On-line Analytics
On-line Decision Support for Operations Personnel
– Product quality predictions
– Early process fault detection
Embedded On-line Analytics brings quality information, fault
detection, and abnormal situation knowledge to the operator –
bridging the gap between quality and control.
The PAT Guidelines issued by the FDA emphasized the use of
multivariate analytics as a means of reducing cost, improving
product quality in the pharmaceutical industry.
On-line Data Analytics is targeted for DeltaV v12.
QUALITY CONTROL
3. Information at the Operator Interface
Analytic
Process
Models
Evaluation
process
operation
Process measurements, lab and Truck
analysis over last year
Calculated Feed Composition
Process
measurements
Operator Interface
Predicted End of Batch
Quality
Fault Detection
TT
207
TC
207
TT
206
TC
206
Coolant return
Bioreactor
RSP
AT
205AT
204
FC
203
FC
201
FT
201
Feed
e.g. Glucose
AC
204
Reagent
e.g. Ammonia
FC
202
FT
202
Air
pH
AC
205
Dissolved
Oxygen
Vent
PT
208
PC
208
RSP
Charge
e.g. Media
FT
203 Coolant
supply
IT
209
LT
210
To Harvest
TT
207
TC
207
TC
207
TT
206
TC
206
TC
206
Coolant return
Bioreactor
RSP
AT
205AT
204
FC
203
FC
203
FC
201
FC
201
FT
201
Feed
e.g. Glucose
AC
204
AC
204
Reagent
e.g. Ammonia
FC
202
FC
202
FT
202
Air
pH
AC
205
AC
205
Dissolved
Oxygen
Vent
PT
208
PC
208
PC
208
RSP
Charge
e.g. Media
FT
203 Coolant
supply
IT
209
LT
210
To Harvest
Storage Tank Design
Tank
Design 2
Tank
Design 1
Tank
Design 3
Storage Tank Design
Tank
Design 2
Tank
Design 1
Tank
Design 3
4. 3 Step Monitoring Procedure
1. If either Fault Detection plot
exceeds or approaches the upper
control limit of 1.0, click on that
point in the trend and
-> Select the Parameter in the
lower corner of the screen that
contributed to the fault
2. Evaluate the parameter trends
from process operation standpoint
-> take corrective action if
necessary
3. Inspect impact of fault on quality
prediction plot to find out how
quality may be affected
Note: Use Up arrow to return to the
Analytics Overview.
If a fault is indicted in the analytics overview screen, then selecting the
batch number will bring up the Fault Detection view.
Analytics Overview
Quality Parameter Prediction
ContributionParameter Trend (s)
2
Fault Detection
31
5. Example – Low Hot Oil Flow Rate
When the hot oil
valve is opened,
the flow rate is
much lower
than normal
The lower flow
rate impacts the
time needed for
the mixer to
reach target
temperature –
extending batch
time
6. Example – Low Hot Oil Flow Rate
Fault shows up in
Indicator 2 deviating
above 1.
To find the cause of
the fault, select the
point of maximum
deviation and then
choose the
Contribution Tab or
select the
parameters that
contribute most to
the fault - shown in
the lower corner of
the screen.
7. Example – Low Hot Oil Flow Rate
The trend
confirms that the
media flow rate
is ~ 2 liters/sec
which is much
lower than the
normal flow rate
of 4
liters/second.
8. Example – Low Hot Oil Flow Rate
The
prediction
plot
confirms
that the low
oil flow rate
has no
impact on
the
predicted
product
density
9. Prediction of Product Density
For the Saline
process, the
prediction of
product density
has proven to be
very accurate
even though
variations in the
salt bin level are
a major source of
variation in the
processing
conditions.
10. Example – pH Sensor Drift
O2
Bioreactor
VSD
VSD
TC
41-7
AT
41-4s2
AT
41-4s1
AT
41-2
TT
41-7
AT
41-6
LT
41-14
Glucose
Glutamine
pH
DO
Product Concentration
VSD
VSD
AC
41-4s1
AC
41-4s2
Media
Glucose
Glutamine
VSD
Bicarbonate
AY
41-1
AC
41-1
Splitter
AC
41-2
AY
41-2
Splitter
CO2
Air
Level
Drain
0.002 g/L
7.0 pH
2.0 g/L
2.0 g/L
37
o
C
VSD
Inoculums
VSD
PT
41-3 Vent
MFC
MFC
MFC
PC
41-3
AT
41-15
Coating of the
sensor may
introduce a bias
into the pH
measurement -
resulting in a shift
of the pH
maintained in the
reactor.
May impact cell
growth rate and
product formation
AT
41-1
11. Example – pH Sensor Drift
Fault shows up
as an explained
and unexplained
change –
deviation above
1.
To find the cause
of the fault, select
the point of
maximum
deviation and
then choose the
Contribution Tab.
12. Example – pH Sensor Drift
Drift in the pH
measurement
is reflected in
the pH
measurement
and controller
output.
A trend of the
pH and pH
controller
output can be
obtained by
clicking on
media flow
parameter in
the
contribution
screen.
13. Example – pH Sensor Drift
Impact of the
change in
measurement
bias is show as
an immediate
change in pH.
14. Example – pH Sensor Drift
Longer term the
faulty pH
measurement is
reflected in an
abnormally low
reagent addition
being used to
maintain the
indicated pH.
15. Learning More
A workshop is being offered at Emerson Exchange on
data analytics and field trail at Lubrizol, Rouen. The
schedule for this workshop is:
08-167 Batch Process Analytics (PA) – An In
Depth Update
– Tuesday, Room 206B, 10:00 AM
– Thursday, Room 206A, 11:00 AM
16. Spectral Analyzers
Spectral analyzers may be used at critical
points throughout the process.
– Pharmaceutical - inspection of feedstock,
blend uniformity, granulation, drying and
coating and particle size analysis. Online
QA/QC tool for production.
– Chemical - acid value, adhesive content,
cure, melt index, and polymer processes -
reaction monitoring
– Refinery, petrochemical - fuel production
monitoring
A wide variety of commercial on-line, at-line,
and laboratory spectral analyzers are
available.
Calibration of an NIR analyzer is based on
use of spectral data to develop principal
component analysis(PCA) and projection of
latent structures (PLS) models.
17. Example: NIR Analyzers
Careful development of a set of
calibration samples and their use
in PCA/PLS model development
is the basis for near-infrared
analytical methods.
For purposes of analysis, the
spectral data for a sample
should be saved and accessed
as one set of data e.g. an
array.
3-D plotting of spectral data can
be helpful in screening samples
and in analyzing on-line use of
spectral data.
Off-line PCA/
PLS Model
Development
On-line Quality
Parameter
Prediction
Historian
Array/Data Set
Application
station
NIR Analyzer
Controller
VIM
Interface
3-D Plot of
Spectral Data
18. Learning More
The technical feasibility of providing 3-D plotting and historian
collection of array data has been explore and the value of such
a capability demonstrated in at a field trail conducted on an
absorber and stripper process unit at UT Pickle Research
Center, Austin, TX.
Two presentations on this field trail are scheduled for Emerson
Exchange.
04-132 Process Analysis Using 3D plots
– Tuesday, 3:00:00 PM, Room 207B
– Thursday, 3:15:00 PM, Room 201