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Computer Security and Risks

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Miguel Rebollo
Miguel Rebollo
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Computer Security and Risks Introduction to Computer Science 2007-2008
Aims • Describing several types of computer crime • Describing the major security issues that computer users have to face • Describing how it affects to personal privacy • Explaining the relationship between security and computer reliability 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Computer Crime Crime accomplished through computer tech. • widely extended: easiness of computer usage • most of them committed by company insiders • high cost: foresight + repair Current threats • spoofing (or phishing): identity theft 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Software Piracy • Illegal duplication of copyrighted software • Reasons: • price of software • means to create copies How many pirate programs do you have? 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Intellectual Property • Privileges granted over intangible goods with financial value • They are defined over • copyright Authorship rights • commercial secret • patents Industrial property • trademarks • Software is covered by copyright 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Computer Sabotage Use of malware to spoil hardware & software • Trojan horses • Viruses • Worms 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Trojans • hidden inside programs that perform useful tasks • logic bombs: programmed to ‘attack’ in response to a particular event (e.g. time bombs) • solutions • software from reliable sources (avoids) • anti-trojan (detects) • firewall -output- (blocks) 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Viruses • as biological ones • invade programs and use them to reproduce themselves • operative system specific • solution: • use carefully removable media (avoids) • antivirus (detects and cleans) 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Worms • as viruses: use computers to reproduce themselves • autonomous spread through computer networks • solution: • email from confident sources (avoids) • firewall -input- (blocks) • security patches 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Hacking • Discovering and exploiting computer system failures • Reasons: • curiosity • intellectual challenge • Cracking = criminal hacking 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Reducing Risks Information systems have to be protected... • to work properly • to guarantee access to information only to granted users • to guarantee privacy 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Physical Access Restrictions Only authorised staff have access to the equipment Security checks based on… • something you have (card) • something you know (password) • something you do (signature) • something about you (scans) 4626. Introd to Computer Science
How can we protect sensitive information?
1. protect hw
UPS • uninterruptible power supply • protects data during power failures (minutes) • give users time to switch off the system
Surge protectors • shield computers from power spikes • protect the computer from physical damage 4626. Introd to Computer Science
2. protect data
Passwords The most common tool, but carefully chosen • which kind of password do you use? • how frequently do you change your passwords? • how many passwords do you use? Never use a word or your b-day!! 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Firewalls • guard against unauthorised access • blocks accessing ports for input and output • by hardware or software
Encryption • keys to code messages and documents • symmetric: common key • asymmetric: public / private keys 4626. Introd to Computer Science
Audit Control SW • Records computer transactions • Auditors can trace and identify suspicious activities 4626. Introd to Computer Science
2. replicate
Backup Copies • periodic copies of important information • for companies, it is recommended that copies be stored in a different location 4626. Introd to Computer Science
RAID • Redundant Array of Independent Disks • multiple disks as one logical unit • mirroring: data redundancy 4626. Introd to Computer Science

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Computer Security and Risks

  • 1. Computer Security and Risks Introduction to Computer Science 2007-2008
  • 2. Aims • Describing several types of computer crime • Describing the major security issues that computer users have to face • Describing how it affects to personal privacy • Explaining the relationship between security and computer reliability 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 3. Computer Crime Crime accomplished through computer tech. • widely extended: easiness of computer usage • most of them committed by company insiders • high cost: foresight + repair Current threats • spoofing (or phishing): identity theft 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 4. Software Piracy • Illegal duplication of copyrighted software • Reasons: • price of software • means to create copies How many pirate programs do you have? 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 5. Intellectual Property • Privileges granted over intangible goods with financial value • They are defined over • copyright Authorship rights • commercial secret • patents Industrial property • trademarks • Software is covered by copyright 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 6. Computer Sabotage Use of malware to spoil hardware & software • Trojan horses • Viruses • Worms 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 7. Trojans • hidden inside programs that perform useful tasks • logic bombs: programmed to ‘attack’ in response to a particular event (e.g. time bombs) • solutions • software from reliable sources (avoids) • anti-trojan (detects) • firewall -output- (blocks) 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 8. Viruses • as biological ones • invade programs and use them to reproduce themselves • operative system specific • solution: • use carefully removable media (avoids) • antivirus (detects and cleans) 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 9. Worms • as viruses: use computers to reproduce themselves • autonomous spread through computer networks • solution: • email from confident sources (avoids) • firewall -input- (blocks) • security patches 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 10. Hacking • Discovering and exploiting computer system failures • Reasons: • curiosity • intellectual challenge • Cracking = criminal hacking 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 11. Reducing Risks Information systems have to be protected... • to work properly • to guarantee access to information only to granted users • to guarantee privacy 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 12. Physical Access Restrictions Only authorised staff have access to the equipment Security checks based on… • something you have (card) • something you know (password) • something you do (signature) • something about you (scans) 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 13. How can we protect sensitive information?
  • 15. UPS • uninterruptible power supply • protects data during power failures (minutes) • give users time to switch off the system
  • 16. Surge protectors • shield computers from power spikes • protect the computer from physical damage 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 18. Passwords The most common tool, but carefully chosen • which kind of password do you use? • how frequently do you change your passwords? • how many passwords do you use? Never use a word or your b-day!! 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 19. Firewalls • guard against unauthorised access • blocks accessing ports for input and output • by hardware or software
  • 20. Encryption • keys to code messages and documents • symmetric: common key • asymmetric: public / private keys 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 21. Audit Control SW • Records computer transactions • Auditors can trace and identify suspicious activities 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 23. Backup Copies • periodic copies of important information • for companies, it is recommended that copies be stored in a different location 4626. Introd to Computer Science
  • 24. RAID • Redundant Array of Independent Disks • multiple disks as one logical unit • mirroring: data redundancy 4626. Introd to Computer Science