Computer security involves protecting computing systems and data from theft or damage. It ensures confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. Common computer security threats include unauthorized access, hackers, viruses, and social engineering. Antivirus software, firewalls, and keeping systems updated help enhance security. Laws also aim to prevent cybercrimes like privacy violations, identity theft, and electronic funds transfer fraud. Overall computer security requires technical safeguards and vigilance from users.

1. Computer Security Basics

2. Computer Security
Computer Security is the protection of
computing systems and the data that they store
or access.
• Computer security, also known as
cyber security or IT security, is the
protection
of computer systems from the theft or damage
to their hardware, software or information.

3. Different Elements in Computer
Security (CIA)

4. Different Elements in Computer
Security
Confidentiality
• Confidentiality is the concealment of information
or resources.
Integrity
• Integrity is the trustworthiness of data in the
systems or resources by the point of view of
preventing unauthorized and improper changes.
Availability
Availability refers to the ability to access data of a
resource when it is needed, as such the information
has value only if the authorize ie can access at right
time.

5. Different terminology used in
Computer Security
 Unauthorized access — An unauthorized access is when
someone gains access to a server, website, or other sensitive data
using someone else's account details.
 Hacker — Is a Person who tries and exploits a computer system
for a reason which can be money, a social cause, fun etc.
 Threat — Is an action or event that might compromise the security.
 Vulnerability — It is a weakness, a design problem or
implementation error in a system that can lead to an unexpected
and undesirable event regarding security system.
 Attack — is an as sault on the system security that is made by a
person or a machine to a system.

6. Different terminology used in
Computer Security
 Antivirus or Antimalware — Is a software that operates
on different OS which is used to prevent from malicious
software.
 Social Engineering— Is a technique that a hacker uses to steal
data from a person for different purposes by psychological
manipulation combined with social scenes.
 Virus — Itis a malicious software that installs on your
computer without your consent for a bad purpose. They can
damage or delete files, Slow down your computer and Invade
your emails.

8. Virus
 A computer virus is a type malware that, when executed,
replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and
inserting its own code.
 A computer virus is written to alter the way a computer
operates and that is designed to spread from one computer to
another.

10. Virus
How do computer viruses spread?
 Email and text message attachments
 Internet file downloads
 Social media links
 Mobile devices and smart phones can become infected with
mobile viruses through shady App downloads.
 As attach ments of socially shareable content such as funny
images, greeting cards, or audio and video files.
 Inserting or connecting an infected disk, disc, or drive
 un known links

11. Virus
Possible effects of virus attack on a computer
 Delete data
 Overwrite information
 Display messages
 Add itself to other files on the computer
 Stealing passwords or data
 Logging keystrokes
 Corrupting files
 spamming email contacts
 even taking over the machine

12. Hacking
• Hacking means using computers to commit
fraudulent acts such as fraud, privacy invasion, stealing
corporate/personal data, etc.
• A Hacker is a person who finds and exploits the
weakness in computer systems and/or networks to
gain access. Hackers are usually skilled computer
programmers with knowledge of computer
security.

13. Ethical Hacking
Identifying weakness in computer systems and/or
computer networks and coming with counter
measures that protect the weaknesses.
Ethical hackers must abide by the following rules.
• Get written permission from the owner of the
computer system and/or computer network before
hacking.
• Protect the privacy of the organization been hacked.
• Transparently report all the identified weaknesses in
the computer system to the organization.

14. Cyber crime
• Cyber crime is the use of computers and
networks to perform illegal activities such as
spreading computer viruses, online bullying,
performing unauthorized electronic fund
transfers, etc.
• Most cybercrimes are committed through the
internet.
• Some cybercrimes can also be carried out using
Mobile phones via SMS and online chatting
applications.

15. Types of Cybercrime
Privacy violation: Exposing personal information such as email
addresses, phone number, account details, etc. on social media,
websites, etc.
Identity Thefi: Stealing personal information from somebody and
impersonating that person.
Sharing copyrighted files/information: This involves distributing
copyright protected files such as eBooks and computer programs
etc.
Electronic funds transfer: This involves gaining an un-authorized
access to bank computer networks and making illegal fund
transfers.
ATM Fraud: This involves intercepting ATM card details such as
account number and PIN numbers. These details are then used to
withdraw funds from the intercepted accounts.
Spamming: unauthorized emails. These emails usually contain
advertisement.
Cyber crime

16. Anti—virus
Anti—virus software is a program or set of programs that
are designed to prevent, search for, detect, and remove
software viruses.
There are several different companies that build and offer
anti—virus software and what each offers can vary but all
perform some basic functions:
• Scan specific files or directories for any malware or known
malicious patterns.
• Allow you to schedule scans to automatically run for you.
• Allow you to initiate a scan of a specific file or of your
computer, or of
• a CD or flash drive at any time.
• Remove any malicious code detected —sometimes you will be
notified of an infection and asked if you want to clean the file,
other programs will automatically do this behind the scenes.
• Show you the ‘health' of your computer

17. Spyware
• Spyware is software that aims to gather
information about a person or organization
without their knowledge, that may send such
information to another entity without the
consumer's consent.
• "Spyware" is mostly classified into four
types:
 Adware.,
 System monitors,
 Tracking cookies, and
 Trojans;
• Spyware that is installed for innocuous reasons is
sometimes referred to as tracking software.

19. Spyware
• Spyware can collect almost any type of data,
including personal information like internet
searching habits, user logins, and bank or credit
account information.
• Spyware can also interfere with a user's control
of a computer by installing additional software or
redirecting users.
• Some spyware can change computer settings,
which can result in slow Internet connection
speeds, un—authorized changes in browser
settings, or changes to software settings.

20. How to recognize Spyware
• New and/or unidentifiable icons may appear in the task
bar at the bottom of your screen.
• Searches may result in you being redirected to a
different search engine.
• Random error messages appear when you
perform operations that previously worked fine.
• But the best way to identify if you have been
infected is to use a spyware scan ner, which will be
included in any spyware removal software.

24. Firewall
• In column, a firewall is a network
security system that monitors and controls the
incoming and outgoing network traffic based on
predetermined security rules.
• A firewall acts as a barrier between a trusted
network and non—trusted network.
• This means that the only traffic allowed onto the
network is defined in the firewall policy; all other
traffic is denied.

25. Measures to keep your
system and data safe
• Computer Application White listening —
install just a restricted
number of applications in your computers, which are
useful as well as are genuine.
• Computer System Restore Solution — If computer is
hacked and your files are damaged, you should have the
possibility to again have access to your files. An example is
Windows System Restore or Backup.
• Computer and Network Authentication — The data that is
accessed over the network is best to be provided only to the
authorized users. Usernames and passwords!!!
• Update Your Software. Keep your software including your
operating system, the web browsers you use to connect to the
Internet, and your apps up to date to protect against the latest
threats.

26.  Protect Your Personal Information. Don't hand it
out to just anyone.
 Your Social Security number, credit card
numbers, and bank and utility account numbers
can be used to steal your money or open new
accounts in your name.
 So every time you are asked for your personal
information — whether in a web form, an email,
a text, or a phone message think about why
someone needs it and whether you can really
trust the request.
Measures to keep your
system and data safe

27. KEEP IN MIND
• Use strong password
• Use authorized Websites
• Keep your Computer Screen locked
• Take timely back-ups
• Think twice before posting on Social
Media.

28. CYBER LAWS
IN INDIA