Independence war and the loss of the 13 colonies. Lecture 3Elhem Chniti
This is the 3rd lecture for ISLN 3rd year students of English, part of the civilization course on the British empire. The focus here is on the Revolutionary war from the British point of view. Students discuss the impact of the loss of the 13 colonies on the 1st British Empire
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
2. • Colonies could
trade only with
England
• Upset colonies
who counted on
trade and
shipping for their
economy
3. French and Indian War 1754-1763
England taxed
the colonists to
help pay for the
war
Fought between England and
France over the Ohio Valley,
England won
4. Land ceded to Britain after the
French and Indian War
5. 1. It increased her colonial empire in
the Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged England’s
debt.
3. Britain’s contempt for the
colonials created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that a
major reorganization of her
American Empire was necessary!
Effects of the War on Britain?
6. 1. It united them against a
common enemy for the first
time.
2. It created a socializing
experience for all the
colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings
towards the British that
would only intensify.
Effects of the War on the
American Colonials
7. This political cartoon by Benjamin
Franklin encouraged the colonies to
work together during the French and
Indian War.
During this era,
there was a
superstition that a
snake which had
been cut into pieces
would come back to
life if the pieces
were put together
before sunset.
8. Proclamation of 1763
Created the Proclamation Line to keep colonists
from moving into the Ohio Valley
Further upset colonists
9. Stamp Act - 1765
• A special tax put
on all paper
goods to pay for
the F & I War
• Colonists refused
to pay the tax and
would not buy
(boycott) the
items that were
being taxed
11. Tea Act - 1773
• Colonists were
forced to buy
tea from a
British
Company, so
they
boycotted the
tea.
12. The Boston Tea Party- 1773
• Sons of liberty
(a protest
group) boarded
British ships
filled with tea
and dumped
the tea into the
harbor.
13. Intolerable (or Coercive) Acts - 1774
•England punished
colonies for the Tea
Party by closing Boston’s
harbor until tea was
paid for.
14. The Coercive or Intolerable Acts (1774)
Lord North
1. Port Bill
2. Government Act
4. Administration of
Justice Act
3. New Quartering
Act
15. First Continental Congress (1774)
55 delegates from 12 colonies
Agenda How to
respond to the
Coercive Acts &
the Quebec Act?
1 vote per colony
represented.
They also listed
the problems they
had with King
George III
16. Second Continental
Congress -1776
• The Declaration of
Independence was
written.
• Explained WHY the
colonies were breaking
away from England.
21. The Virginia House of Burgesses votes
on a resolution claiming Parliament is
practicing "taxation without
representation" because Americans
are not represented there.
22. Stamp tax collectors arrive, but
resistance is strong. Some Americans
burn tax collectors’ houses.
23. The British repeal the Stamp Act and
Parliament passes customs duties on
lead, paper, paint, glass, and tea.