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CULTIVATION OF APPLE AND SAPOTA IN INDIA
- 1. Cultivation of Apple and Sapota in India KRISHNARAJ NS MBAABM KERALAAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY mynameiskrishnaraj@gmail.com
- 3. Basics … Apple is a temperate fruit Suitable for growing in high ranges Suitable for Loam soil, sandy loam soil ,silt loam soil (all with porous and well drained subsoil)
- 4. Varieties Crab Apple: Relatively smaller in fruit size. Also differ in leaf colour, growth habit, flowering time and flower colour. They are drought tolerant Golden delicious: Fruits –medium to large and oblong. Skin golden yellow with russetted prominent small dots scattered all over. Flesh creamy white, firm, crisp, sweet with a blend of acidity. Good polllinizer for all delicious groups. Yellow Newton: An old variety. Fruit medium to large and shape is variable. Usually roundish and oblate. Flesh is yellowish, crisp , tender, moderately fine grained. Juicy, sub acid and aromatic.
- 5. Prepare land for Apple cultivation Pits : 1m wide and 20 cm deep or 60X60X60 cm Planting distance : 7 -10 m
- 6. Planting Operations… Propagating Method : Grafting (Whip and Tongue). Grafting is done on crab apple seedlings The grafted plants are planted with graft union above soil level For effective fruit set, pollinating varieties are inter-planted. Regularly irrigation should be given for about two years in the initial years.
- 7. How to apply fertilisers… NPK Recommendation 30:30:30 gm/plant In addition, apply 65 gm urea, 167 gm rock phosphate and 50 gm muriate of potash respectively Fertiliser has to be applied around the plant and incorporated it through light hoeing.
- 8. Care … Irrigate the plant to overcome moisture stress. Critical water period : April to August Thinning of fruits is practised to improve fruit colour and fruit size Desirable to retain one fruit for every 40 leaves.
- 9. Pruning… Pruning and training are important in apple cultivation One year old plants are cut back at about 80-100 cm above ground No shoot is retained below 50 cm from the ground
- 10. When to Harvest… Apple is a climacteric fruit Ease in separation of fruits from spur is one indication to harvest Change in ground surface colour from green to pale is another indication Seed colour changes to brown on maturity.
- 11. Harvesting… Apple fruits should be picked in such a way that bruising and stem punctures are avoided and pedicel must retain with fruit Don’t pick immature fruits Don’t pick over mature fruits
- 12. Storage Place seeds in a cool and ventilated place to remove field heat before packing. Air cooler, cold water sprinkling or washing with water helps in removal of field heat Keeping fruits over-night near the tree basins also removes heat Fruit surface must be free of moisture before grading , wrapping or packing in cartons. Friuts can be stored for 120-150 days at 4-5 degree Celsius
- 14. Basics… Requires a temperature range of 11-34 degree Celsius Annual rainfall of 225-375 cm desirable Suitable for all soil type Well drained soil is desirable for better growth
- 15. Varieties Cricket ball Oval Kalippatti Badami Baramasi Calcutta ground Pala PKM-1
- 16. Propagation… Through layering and grafting Manilkara hexandra is the best rootstock for inarching Sapota
- 17. When to plant… Planting season May to June Shouldn’t plant during rainy seasons
- 18. Preparing the land… Pits of 60X60X60 cm Square spacing of 7-8m
- 19. Fertiliser Information 500:360:750 gm NPK/Plant 1085 gm urea, 1998 gm rock phosphate, 1252 gm muriate of potash respectively per plant. First dose: May to June Second Dose: August to September Lime has to be added after two weeks ahead of fertiliser application
- 20. Irrigation… Not necessary except early stages and hot weather…
- 21. Training and Pruning… Pruning is not necessary, but in old trees lower braches can be cut upto 1 m
- 22. Flowering and fruiting… Season : October to November and February to March Grafted Sapota begin to begin to bear in the third year after planting… Fruit production increases with age up to 30 years…
- 23. Harvesting… Mature fruits , which are dull brown in colour can be harvested Fruits can be handpicked or harvested with a special harvester Can be stored for about five days before they are ripened fully for consumption… Ripe fruits can be kept for about 5 to 7 days…